布达拉宫英语介绍 Potala Palace

PotalaPalace

------apearlontheRoofoftheWorldPotalaPalaceWhereisthePotalaPalace?ThemajesticPotalaPalaceisLhasa’smostimposingarchitecturallandmarkandislocatedinthenorthwestcornerofthecity.PotalaPalaceWhatisthefunctionofthePalace?ThePotalaPalacewasthecenterofTibet’sGovernmentandtheDalaiLama’swinterresidence.In1994UNESOlisteditasaWorldCulturalHeritageSite,duetobothitsarchitecturalgrandeurandreligioussignificance.ThePotalaPalaceservesasbothamuseumofBuddhistartandarchitecturallandmark.ItisalsoaproofoftheChinesenation’sunityandintegration.PotalaPalaceHistoryofPotalaPalaceThePotalaPalacewasfirstbuiltnearly1300yearsageduringtheKingSongstenGampo’sresign.IntheearlyTangDynasty(618—907A.D),whenSongtsenGampomarriedtheTangPrincessWencheng,hedecidedtobuildagrandpalacetoaccommodateherandlethisdescendantsremembertheeventHistoryofPotalaPalaceHowever,theoriginalpalacewasdestroyedduetoalighteningstrikeandsucceedingwarfareduringLandama'sreign.InseventeenthcenturyunderthereignoftheFifthDalaiLama,PotalaPalacewasrebuilt.HistoryofPotalaPalaceTheThirteenthDalaiLamaexpandedittotoday'sscale.RecliningagainstandcappingRedHill,thepalaceismorethan117meters(384feet)inheightand360(1180feet)inwidth,occupyingabuildingspaceof360,000squaremeters.Anditismadeoutofstoneandwood.HistoryofPotalaPalaceSincesittingonthetopofRedHillatanelevationofover3700metersthePotalaPalaceisthehighestadministrative,religiousandpoliticalcomplexintheworld.LayoutofPotalaPalaceThepalaceconsistoftheRedPalace,whichisitscentralbuilding,risingabovetheothermainstructure,theWhitePalace,whichformstheeasternpartofthePalace.TheWhitePalaceTheWhitePalaceconsistsofoffices,dormitories,aBuddhistofficialseminaryandaprintinghouse.Fromtheeastentranceofthepalace,paintedwithimagesofFourHeavenlyKings,abroadcorridorupwardsleadstoDeyangSharcourtyard,whichusedtobewhereDalaiLamaswatchedoperas.Aroundthelargeandopencourtyard,thereusedtobeaseminaryanddormitories.TheWhitePalaceWestofthecourtyardistheWhitePalace.Therearethreeladderstairsreachinginsideofit,however,thecentralonewasreservedforonlyDalaiLamasandcentralgovernmentmagistratesdispatchedtoTibet.TheWhitePalaceWestofthecourtyardistheWhitePalace.Therearethreeladderstairsreachinginsideofit,however,thecentralonewasreservedforonlyDalaiLamasandcentralgovernmentmagistratesdispatchedtoTibet.Inthefirsthallway,therearehugemuralsdescribingtheconstructionofPotalaPalaceandJokhangTempleandtheprocessionofPrincessWenchengreachingTibet.TheWhitePalaceTheWhitePalacemainlyservesasthepoliticalheadquarterandDalaiLamas'livingquarters.TheWestChamberofSunshineandtheEastChamberofSunshinelieastheroofoftheWhitePalace.TheybelongedtotheThirteenthDalaiLamaandtheFourteenthDalaiLamarespectively.BeneaththeEastChamberofSunshineisthelargesthallintheWhitePalace,whereDalaiLamasascendedthroneandruledTibet.TheRedPalace.TheRedPalacewasconstructedafterthedeathoftheFifthDalaiLama.ThecenterofthecomplicatedRedPalaceistheGreatWestHall,whichrecordstheGreatFifthDalaiLama'slifebyitsfinemurals.ThesceneofhisvisittoEmperorShunzhiinBeijingin1652isextraordinarilyvivid.

TheRedPalaceThehallhasfouradditionalchapels.ChapelhousesthreegoldstupasoftheFifth,TenthandTwelfthDalaiLamas'.Theirmummifiedandperfumedbodiesarewellkeptinthosestupas.TheWestAmongthethree,theFifthDalaiLama'sstupaisthebiggest,whichismadeofsandalwood,wrappedingoldfoilanddecoratedwiththousandsofdiamonds,pearls,agatesandothersgems.Thestupa,withaheightof14.86meters(49feet),spendsmorethan3,700kilogramsofgold.TheRedPalaceTheNorthChapelcontainsstatuesofSakyamuni,DalaiLamasandMedicineBuddha,andstupasoftheEighth,NinthandEleventhDalaiLamas.AgainstthewallisTanjur(Beijingedition),amostimportantTibetanBuddhistsutrasenttotheSeventhDalaiLamabyEmperorYongzheng.TheRedPalaceTanjur为西藏大藏经二藏之一。西藏大藏经分为教说翻译、论著翻译等两部，音译甘珠尔、丹珠尔。“甘”意谓教，“丹”意谓论，“珠尔”则谓翻译。甘珠尔又称正藏，丹珠尔则称副藏、杂藏、续部等，此系布顿（藏Bu-ston）对西藏大藏经所作独特之分类法，其后成为定式。其内容包含诸论师之教语、注释书、密教仪轨、记传、语言、文字等甘珠尔所未曾网罗者。此外，亦收录甚多西藏撰述之诸书。《丹珠尔》经）长６３宽１７厘米收藏单位：布达拉宫管理处POTALAPALACECOLLECTIONTheRedPalaceIntheEastChapelatwometers(6.5feet)highstatueofTsongKhapa宗喀巴,thefounderofGelugpa格鲁巴whichisDalaiLama'slineage,isenshrinedandworshippedTheSouthChapeliswhereasilverstatueofPadmasambhavaand8bronzestatuesofhisreincarnationsareenshrined.TheRedPalaceWestoftheGreatWestHalllocatestheThirteenthDalaiLama'sstupahall.SincehewasregardedasgreatastheGreatFifth,peoplestartedtobuildhisstupaafterhisdeathinthefallof1933.Takingthreeyears,thestupaiscomparablewiththeGreatFifth'sstupa.Itis14meters(46feet)inheight,coatedwithaton(2200pounds)ofgoldfoils.TheRedPalaceInfrontofitisamandala曼荼罗madeofmorethan200,000pearlsandothergems.Muralsinthehalltellimportanteventsinhislife,includinghisvisitwithEmperorGuangxu.ThehighesthallofPotalawasbuiltin1690.ItusedtobetheholyshrineofChineseEmperors.萨松朗杰(意为胜界）DalaiLamaswouldcomeherewithhisofficialsandhighlamastoshowtheirrespectstothecentralgovernmentannuallybefore.TheRedPalaceDharmaCaveandtheSaint'sChapel曲结竹秋和帕巴拉康aretheonlystructuresleftwhichwerebuiltinseventhcentury.TheybothliecentraloftheRedPalace.DharmaCaveissaidtobetheplacewhereKingSongtsenGampoproceededhisreligiouscultivation.Insidethecave,statuesofSongtsen