国际商务合同的文体与翻译chapter 1

Chapter1StyleandTranslationofInternationalBusinessContracts商务合同写作及翻译HelpstudentslearnthebasicelementsHelpstudentslearnsomeimportantrulestocreatelegalrelationstoestablishthebasicingredientsofacontractHelpstudentsacknowledgethestructureofcontractsHelpstudentsbeabletorecognizecontractsTeachingAimsandRequirementsContentsSettlementofDispute41FormationofContractandtheCISG2Introduction11StructureofContract31.合同是平等主体之间的民事法律关系

relationsof

civillawbetweenoramongequalnaturalpersons2.合同是双方或多方当事人的法律行为

legalactbetweenoramongparties3.合同是从法律上明确当事人之间特定权利与义务关系的文件

specificrightsandobligations

4.合同是具有相应法律效力的协议

legalforce合同的法律特征提出订约建议一方的意思表示称为要约接受要约条件一方的意思表示称为承诺要约一经承诺，合同即告成立Offer要约Acceptance承诺SEC2SEC3SEC4Accordingtothedescriptionoflaw,acontractshallbeanagreementwherebythepartiesestablish,changeorterminatetheircivilrelationship.（合同是当事人之间设立、变更、终止民事关系的协议）Otherprescription：ContractsreferredtointhisLawareagreementsbetweenequalnaturalpersons,legalpersonsandotherorganizationsforthepurposeofestablishing,alteringandterminatingmutualcivilrightsandobligations.(合同是平等主体的自然人、法人、其他组织之间设立、变更、终止民事权利义务关系的协议）What’saContract?SEC2SEC3SEC4Acontractisaformalwrittenagreement,whichsetsforthrightsandobligationsofthepartiesconcerned.

Onceenteredinto,acontractisbindingandenforceablebylaw.Anypartywhofailstofulfillhisobligationsmustmakecompensationfortheotherparty’slosses.CommercialContractsCommercialContractsusuallyrefertocontractsofdailybusinessesandcontractsinvolvingeconomicconstructionssuchasminingconstruction,railwayconstructionandtappingofnaturalresources,etc.(International)CommercialContractsCommercialContractSEC2SEC3SEC4InternationalCommercialContractdomesticsalesofgoodsand/orservicesbetweenenterprises,organizations,individualsinonecountrygovernedbythelawofthesamecountrydisputesfirstlysettledthroughnegotiationInternationalsalesofgoodsand/orservicesbetweenpartiesfromdifferentcountriesadisputesettlementclauseshouldbeinserted,orathird-partysettlementisneededforthedisputes

ContractualRelationsInvolvedintheInternationalTransactionsSEC2SEC3SEC4buyersellerEstablishbusinessrelations

Enquiriesandreplies

Offersandcounteroffers

Ordering

SECTION1Contractualrelationsinvolved:SEC2SEC3SEC4consignorcarrierfreight-forwardertheconsignor

ortheshipper

(whosendsgoods),thecarrier

(whocarriesthegoods),theconsignee(whoreceivesthegoodsatthedestination).SECTION1Contractualrelationsinvolved:SEC2SEC3SEC4consignorcarrierGoodsRoadRailAirSeaMultimodalDestinationContractualrelationSECTION1SEC2SEC3SEC4TheOceanBillofLading1.itisareceiptofthegoodsgiventotheshipperbytheshippingcompany/carrier.2.itisevidenceofthecontractbetweenthecarrierandtheshipperfortheperformanceofcertainservicesuponcertainconditions.3.itisalsoadocumentoftitletothegoods,entitlingthepersonnamedonittoclaimthegoodswhentheyarriveattheportofdestination.SECTION1Contractualrelationsinvolved:SEC2SEC3SEC4insurerinsureeContractualrelationGoods(object)Compensation

Suffereddamages/lossesbyaccidentRoadRailAirSeaMultimodalSECTION1Contractualrelationsinvolved:SEC2SEC3SEC4BuyerBank(B’s)SellerLetterofcredit

L/C

CorrespondentBankGiveinstructions

ConfirmthereceiptofL/C

Goodsdispatch

ContractualrelationContractualrelationSECTION1MainTypesofInternationalCommercialContractSEC2SEC3SEC4PurchaseContractSalesContractEmploymentContractCooperativeJointVentureContractEquityJointVentureContractCompensationTradeContractAssemblingandProcessingContractDistributionandConsignmentContractContractforMachineryEquipmentTechnologyTransferContract

商务合同按繁简不同，可以采取不同的书面形式，如正式合同(Contract),协议书(Agreement),确认书(Confirmation),备忘录(Memorandum),订单(Order)等等。

FormsofcommercialcontractCommercialcontractContractConfirmationMemorandumAgreementOrderSECTION2

SEC1SEC3SEC4Acontractgenerallyinvolves:OfferandabsoluteandunqualifiedacceptanceConsensusadidem(meetingofminds)IntentiontocreatelegalrelationsGenuinenessofconsentContractualcapacityofthepartiesLegalityofobjectPossibilityofperformanceCertaintyoftermsValuableconsiderationSECTION3

SEC1SEC2SEC4StructureofContractPreamble(前文)Body(正文)Ending(结尾)Appendix(附录)

Title(合同名称)MaincontentofcontractPurchaseContractSalesContractEmploymentContractCompensationTradeContractTechnologyTransferContractPreamble(前言)Thefullnameofeachpartytothecontractandtheirnationalities合同当事人及其国籍2.Typeofentity实体类型

3.Principalplacesofbusinessorresidentialaddress

主要经营场所或住所4.ContractNumber合同号码5.Thedateandplaceofsignatureofthecontract

订约日期和地点Maincontentofcontract6.

RecitalsorWhereasClause

订约缘由/说明条款Preamble(前言)ContractNumber:Dateofexecutionofcontract:Placeofexecutionofcontract:Buyers:RegisterNo.:Legalperson:Legaladdress:Contactaddress:P.O.Code:Bank:TaxpayerregisterNo.:Contactperson:Model1Tel:Fax:E-mailbox:Preamble(前言)Thiscontractismadethis14th(day)ofApril(month),2004byandbetweenRomantzLtd.(hereinafterreferredtoastheBuyer)withitsregisteredofficeat703LondonStreet,USAandArthurIndustrialCorporation(hereinafterreferredtoastheSeller)withitsregisteredofficeat43SilverRoad,Wuhan,China.Throughfriendlynegotiation,bothpartieshaveherebyagreedonthetermsandconditionsstipulatedhereunder…Model2双方经过友好协商，同意按照以下条款，由买方购进，卖方售出以下商品……DefinitionClause

(定义条款)对合同中重复出现的关键名词术语进行明确定义，给出明确解释。BasicConditions

(基本条款)GeneralTermsandConditions（一般条款）MaincontentofcontractBody(文本)Typeofthecontractandthekind,scopeofthesubjectmatterofthecontractThetechnicalconditions,quality,standard,specificationandquantityofthesubjectmatterofthecontractTimelimit,placeandmethodofperformanceTermsofprice,amountandwayofpayment,andvariousadditionalchargesMaincontentofcontractBody(文本)5.Whetherthecontractcouldbeassignedorconditionsforassignment6.Thecompensationandotherliabilitiesforbreachofthecontract7.WaysforsettlementofdisputesincaseofdisputesarisingfromthecontractMaincontentofcontractBody(文本)DefinitionClause

(定义条款)对合同中重复出现的关键名词术语进行明确定义，给出明确解释。MaincontentofcontractModel“Project”meanstheplanning,feasibilitystudy,designandengineering,construction,equipping,completion,testing,commissioningandoperationoftheinfrastructureproject.“工程”指基础设施建设的规划，可行性研究，设计与工程技术服务，建造，供货，竣工，调试，试运行和运行。BasicConditions

(基本条款)MaincontentofcontractModel1.Goods:2.Quantity:3.Price:At_____pertonof1000kilograms,cost,insuranceandfreightto_____4.Quality:Specifications_____5.PeriodofshipmentAsperbill(s)ofladingdatedorbedated_____GeneralTermsandConditions（一般条款）MaincontentofcontractModelAlldisputesarisingfromtheperformanceofthiscontractshouldbesettledthroughfriendlynegotiation.Shouldnosettlementthroughnegotiation,thecaseshallthenbesubmittedforarbitrationinthecountrywherethedefendantresides.本合同执行过程中产生的任何纠纷，应通过友好协商解决。如果问题仍未解决，则应根据被告人所在地法律提交仲裁。WitnessClause

(结尾条款)MaincontentofcontractLanguagetobeusedinthecontractandtheireffectiveness份数、使用的文字和效力（ConcludingSentence）签名（Signature）Appendix(附录)

Sometimesthepartiestotheinternationalcommercialcontractmayconsulttosetoutanappendixinthecontract.Inthiscase,itmustbedeclaredthattheappendixistheinseparablepartofthecontract.

Ending

结尾条款ThecontractshallbewritteninChineseandEnglish.Bothversionsareequallyauthentic.Intheeventofanydiscrepancybetweenthetwoversions,theChineseversionshallprevail.Model1本合同用中文和英文写成，两种文字具有同等效力。上述两种文字如有不符，以中文版本为准。Model2Thecontractshallcomeintoeffectassoonasitisdulysignedbybothpartiesandshallremaineffectivefortwoyears.阅读下列合同范例，找出其title，preamble，body,witnessclauseCONTRACTCONTRACTNO.SIGNINGDATE/PLACETHEBUYER：

NameLegalAddressContactTHESELLER：

NameLegalAddressContactThiscontractismadebyandbetweentheBuyerandtheSeller.WherebytheBuyeragreestobuyandtheSelleragreestoselltheunder-mentionedcommodityaccordingtothetermsandconditions.title

preamble