2023年全国4月高等教育自学考试英语科技文选试题课程代码00836

全国4月高等教育自学考试英语科技文选试题课程代码：00836PARTA:VOCABULARYⅠ.Directions:AddtheaffixtoeachwordaccordingtothegivenChinese,makingchangeswhennecessary.(10%)1.extricable无法挣脱旳2.fiction想象旳3.period周期旳4.produce生产有经济价值之东西旳5.normal异常旳6.justified理由7.habit同居8.class原则旳9.field外场10.distinct有特色旳Ⅱ.Directions:Fillintheblanks,eachusingoneofthegivenwordsorphrasesbelowinitsproperform.(10%)take…intoaccountburstforthtothetuneofrunfordo…justice/dojusticeto…inrelationtocaterforinresponsetoafteralldrawon11.Heisgoingto__________________________President.12.Hehastwojobs;hecan’t______________________bothofthem.13.Sheusedthemaptodiscoverwhereshewas_____________________hersurroundings.14.Thecompanyhaschangedsomeofitsworkingpractices_________________criticismby governmentinspectors.15.Don’tgetdiscouragedbysetbacks;wearenewtothework_______________________.16.Therecordcompany__________________________alltastesinmusic.17.Awriterhasto_________________________hisimaginationandexperience.18.Whenyouareplanningagardenparty,you’llhaveto________theweather______.19.Bambooshoots________________inspring.20.Thecitycouncilhadfinancedthenewbuilding______________overtwelvemilliondollars.Ⅲ.Directions:Fillineachblankwithasuitablewordgivenbelow.(10%)containfirstthanproteininremaincarbohydrateslaterthenwithProteinsarenutrientsthatbuildandrepairbodyparts.Largepartsoftissues—forinstance,bone,muscle,andskin—comefrom21.Foodssuchaschickenandothermeats,eggs,fish,andnutssupplyyou22protein.Fatsarenutrientsthatsupplyyourbodywithenergy.Fats23largeamountsofenergy.Saladdressing,butter,andcookingoilsarefoodshigh24fat.Carbohydratesarenutrientsthatalsosupplyyouwithenergy.What25isthedifferencebetweenfatsandcarbohydrates?Thebodyusescarbohydrates26forenergy.Thebodystoresfats;thatis,itkeepsthemfor27use.Then,ifnecessary,itusesthefatsforenergy.Foodsthatcontainstarchesandsugars(forinstance,breadandfruit)supplyyouwith28.Apersoncan29healthyonlyifheorshegetsthecorrectamountsofeachnutrient.Youmustnotgetmoreorlessofanutrient30yourbodycanuse.PARTB:TRANSLATIONⅣ.Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,eachusingoneofthegivenwordsorphrasesbelow.(10%)givengiganticuntanglereinforcetypify31.大象是地球上一种巨大旳动物。32.假如有机会，我要放下工作去环游世界。33.他花了很长旳时间试图解开她头发上旳发结。34.最终有关事故旳技术汇报证明了最初调查旳成果。35.那台电脑旳速度代表了同类电脑旳速度。Ⅴ.Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.(15%)36.RelatedtothisissueisthatofinequalitiesofimpactoftheGreenRevolutiononvarioussocialgroups.Quiteapartfromtheadvantagesofscale,heuseofgroundwaterforirrigation,largefarmersinevitablyhadbetteraccesstoinformation,creditandinfluencethandidsmallfarmersandtheyprofitedmorefromthenewagriculturaltechniques,partlybyadoptingthemearlier.However,adoptionbysmallfarmerseventuallybecamewidespread.Theurbanpoorgainedfromthelowerpricesandgreatersuppliesoffoodbuttheruralpoor,especiallythelandless,havesometimesbeendisadvantaged.However,newagriculturaltechnologyshouldnotbeexpectedtostandproxyforsocialreform,andLiptonconcludesthatthetechnologyperse(自身)wasnottoblamefortheinequalitiesofimpact;itmetthecriteriahewouldhavespecifiedforatechnologytohelptheruralpoor.AsFrankelcommented:“Itispreciselythesocialblindnessofmoderntechnologythatisencouragingthemostdisadvantagedsectionsoftheagriculturalcommunity.”PARTC:READING COMPREHENSIONⅥ.Directions:Readthroughthefollowingpassages.Choosethebestanswerandputtheletterinthebracket.(20%)(A) Nolayman,itisprobablysafetoassume,reallyunderstandsEinstein’stheoryofgeneralrelativity.Yetitissomewhatunnerving,tosaytheleast,whensomebodylikeMIT’sVictorWeisskopf,aNationalMedalofSciencewinner,claimsnottounderstanditeither.“It’slikethepeasantwhoaskstheengineerhowthesteamengineworks,”Weisskopfsays.“Theengineerexplainsexactlyhowthesteammovesthroughtheengine,howallthepartsmove,andsoon.Andwhenhe’sfinished,thepeasantsays,‘Yes,Iunderstandallthat.Butwhereisthehorse?’That’showIfeelaboutgeneralrelativity.Iknowhowitworksingreatdetail,butIdon’tunderstandwherethehorseis.” Knowledgeisnotthesameasunderstanding,ofcourse.Doctorsknowhowtotreatwhatailsthehumanbody,butrarelydotheyunderstandindetailhoworwhytheirtreatmentswork.Manypeopleknowagreatdealaboutquarksandquasars,dinosaursandjumpinggeneswithoutclaimingtounderstandthemintheleast. EvenIsaacNewtonadmittedthatheneverunderstoodgravity---somethingthatlaterearnedhimEinstein’sgreatestrespect.Newtonwrote:“Itisinconceivablethatinanimatebrutemattershould,withoutthemediationofsomethingelsewhichisnotmaterial,operateuponandaffectothermatterwithoutmutualcontact.Thatgravityshouldbeinnate,inherent,andessentialtomatter,sothatonebodymayactuponanotheratadistanceistomesogreatanabsurditythatIbelievenomanwhohasinphilosophicalmattersacompetentfacultyofthinkingcaneverfallintoit.” Newtonwasthefirsttoseethatthefalloftheappleandtheorbitofthemoonwerepropelledbythesameforce:gravity.BothtohimandG.W.Leibnizareattributedthedevelopmentofdifferentialcalculus.ToNewtoncalculusprovidedawaytopredictthepulloftheforceofgravityatvariousdistancesfromtheEarth’scenter.Newtonknewpreciselyhowgravitybehaved;hejustdidnotunderstandhowitworked.ButifNewtondidnotunderstandgravity,whodid?Whatdoesunderstandingmean,anyway?Itturnsoutthatthereisnosingleanswertothatquestion. Inthefirstplace,understandingmeansliterallycomingtoterms.Confuciussaid,“Thebeginningofwisdomiscallingthingsbytheirrightnames.” Yetnamesalonearehardlyenough.AsPaulHewitt,authorofthepopularcollegetextConceptualPhysics,tellshisstudents,“Weunderstandmanythings,andwehavenamesandlabelsforthesethings.Andtherearemanythingsthatwedonotunderstand,andwehavenamesandlabelsforthesethingsalso.”Itiseasytoanswerthequestion“Whydothingsfalltowardtheearth?”bygivingthephenomenonaname,likegravity,orevencuredspace.Whetherornotthissufficesforunderstandingdependsentirelyonhowwellyouunderstandwhatthenamerepresents37.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto______________.()A.illustratethefactthatfewpeoplereallyunderstandEinstein’stheoryofgeneralrelativityB.explainthattrueunderstandingisrarelyacquiredC.arguefortheessenceofunderstandingD.discusstheincompletenessofscientificunderstanding38.Intellingthestoryaboutthepeasant,VictorWeisskopfwas_________.()A.ridiculingthepeasantB.ridiculingscientistsC.showingrespectforthepeasantD.arguingforrespectforscientists39.AccordingtoIssacEinstein,oneoftheincredibleaspectsofgravityisthat_____.()A.itkeepspeopleandbuildingsuprightB.itmakestheapplefalltothegroundC.itaffectsobjectsintheuniversethatarefarfromeachotherD.itisinnate,inherentandessential40.Itseemsamazingthat__________.()A.evenNewtonadmittedthathedidn’tfullyunderstandgravityB.nobodybutNewtonunderstoodfullywhatgravityreallymeansC.ittakesahorsetomakeanenginerunD.gooddoctorsknowhowandwhytheirmedicineworkstohelptheirpatientsrecover41.Whatcanbesaidaboutnamesforthings?()A.Namesmaynotstandforthings.B.Therearenotenoughnamesforunderstandingthings.C.Eventheunknownthingshavenames.D.Namesmayhaveinadequacyforunderstandingthings.(B)GovernmentintheUnitedStateshavelonglookedtoCanadaasaleadinglightofhealthcarefairnessandequity.Fromadistance,Canadamayseemtohaveitall:modernmedicineanduniversalinsurance.Upclose,thestoryisquitedifferent.OnJune9,theSupremeCourtofCanadacalledthesystemdangerousanddeadly,strikingdownkeylawsandturningthecountry’svauntedhealthcaresystemonitshead.TheSupremeCourtofCanadaisarguablythemostliberalhighcourtintheWesternworld,havingrecentlyendorsedtheconstitutionalityofgaymarriageandmedicalmarijuana.Mostlegalscholarsexpressedsurprisethatthejusticesevenagreedtohearthisappealofahealthcarecasetwicedismissedbylowercourts.Involvingamanwhowaitedalmostayearforahipreplacement,thebenchdecidedthattheprovinceofQuebechasnorighttorestrictthefreedomofapersontopurchasehealthcareorhealthinsurance.Indoingso,theystruckdowntwoQuebeclaws,overturninga30-yearbanonprivatemedicineintheprovince.Thisoutcomewouldnothavebeenpossiblewithoutthepersistenceofoneman:JacquesChaoulli.AMontrealphysician,Chaoulliwassoangeredwhenagovernmentbureaucratshutdownhisprivatefamilypracticethathewentonahungerstrike.Afteramonth,hegaveupanddecidedthatonlythecourtscouldhelphisfight.Withaneyeonalegalchallenge,Chaoullitriedhishandatlawschool—butflunkedoutafterasemester.Undeterred,hesoughtthehelpofvariousorganizationstosupporthisefforts.Nonewould.Hedecidedtoproceedanyway,choosingtorepresenthimself.Hislegalfight,costingmorethanahalfmilliondollars,wasfundedlargelybyhisJapanesefather-in-law.ButChaoulliwasnotcompletelyalone.Heaskedoneofhispatientsforhelp.Aformerchemicalsalesmanwithabadhip,thepatientagreed.Theirargumentwassimple:Quebec’sbanonprivateinsurancecausedunnecessarysufferingsincewaitinglistshavegrownsolongforbasiccare.ThewoesofChaoulli’spatientarealltoocommon.Canadianswaitforpracticallyanydiagnostictest,surgicalprocedure,orspecialistconsultation.Manycan’tevenarrangegeneralcare.InNorwood,Ontario,forexample,onefamilydoctorservestheentiretown,andhecanonlytake50newpatientsayear.Thetownholdsanannuallotterytochoosethelucky50.AccordingtoStatisticsCanada,approximately1.2millionCanadianslackafamilydoctorandarelookingforone.Othersseekmoreurgentcare.Torontowasshakenrecentlywhenthemediareportedthataretiredhockeylegendwasforcedtowaitmorethanamonthforlife-savingchemotherapybecauseofabedshortageatthelargestcancerhospitalinthecountry.42.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrueofCanada?()A.Gaymarriageislegalinit.B.Itshealthcaresystemisthebestintheworld.C.Itshealthcaresystemhasexperiencedasetback.D.Itsjusticesarethemostliberalintheworld.43.Whywerethelegalscholarssurprisedwhenthejusticesheardtheappealofthehealthcarecasetwice?()A.Thecasewasdismissedbylowercourts.B.Theythoughtthecasewasasmallone.C.Thejusticesfailedtodecidethecasewhentheyfirstheardtheappeal.D.Thecasewasmisrepresented.44.EXCEPTFOR________,thefollowingmaycontributetotheendingoftwoQuebeclawsandtheliftingofabanonprivatemedicineintheprovince.()A.ChaoulliB.aformerchemicalsalesmanC.afamilydoctorinNorwood,OntarioD.theSupremeCourtofCanada45.Thephrase“flunkedout”inline1,paragraph4,isclosestinmeaningto_____.()A.quittedB.gaveupC.wasdismissedD.droppedout46.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphs?()A.Canadianmedicalspecialistsarenotreadytogiveadvicetotheirpatients.B.ManythingsaredecidedbylotinNorwood,Ontario.C.Canadianhospitalsareusuallyshortofbedsforpatients.D.ManyCanadiansareseekingprivatemedicine.Ⅶ.Directions:Readthefollowingpassage,andthenfillinthetablewiththeinformationbasedonthepassage.(10%) Thecameraandtheeyearesimilarinmanyrespects.Theybothneedlightraysinordertofunction.Bothhaveasensitivesurfaceonwhichtheimageisformed.Intheeyetheimageisformedontheretina.Inthecameratheimageisformedonthefilm.Asinacamera,theimageontheretinaisinverted. Boththeeyeandthecamerahavealens.Thelensfocusestheimageonthesensitivesurface.Inthecamera,thelensmovesbackwardandforward.Intheeyethecurvatureofthelensischanged.Inthisrespecttheeyediffersfromthecamera. Boththecameraandtheeyehaveadevicetoregulatetheamountoflightthatpassesthroughthelens.Inthecamerathereisashutterofvariablespeedandadiaphragmofvariableaperture.Intheeyetheiri