2023年雅思小作文范文

Linechart/linegraphThelinegraphillustratesthedateaboutpeopleataLondonsubwaystationfrom6amto10pm.Aswecanseefromthelinegraph,thenumberofpeopleusingthisstationfluctuatesoverthese16hours.Morespecifically,atfirstat6amthenumberofpeopleatthestationstandsatonly100.Then,thenumbershootsupoverthenexttwohours,peakingat400at8am.Afterthat,thenumberdeclinesrapidlyfortwohours,bottomingoutat180at10am.Theperiodbetween10o'clockand12o'clockexperiencesaslightgrowthinthenumberofpeopleinthestation,withthenumberreaching280atmidday.Numbersinthefollowingtwohoursleveloffatjustunder300people.Fromthispointonwards,thenumberplungestoonly100from2pmto4pm.Thenexttwohoursexperiencesasharpriseagain,with6pmarrivingat380people.After6pm,thenumberfallsagain,reachingthelowestpointof130at8pm.Theperiodfrom8pmto10pmseesaslightrise,butfinallythenumberofpeopledeclinesagainfrom180at9pmto135at10pm.Thegraphillustrateschangesintheamountsofbeef,lamb,chicken,and,fishconsumedinaparticularEuropeancountrybetween1979and.Overall,thegraphshowstheconsumptionofchickenincreaseddramaticallywhilethepopularityoftheseotherfoodsdecreasedovertheperiod.In1979beefwasbyfarthemostpopularofthesefoods,withabout225gramsconsumedperpersonperweek.Lampandchickenwereeateninsimilarquantities(around150grams),whilemuchlessfishwasconsumed(justover50grams).However,duringthis25-yearperiodtheconsumptionofbeefandlampfelldramaticallytoapproximately100gramsand55gramsrespectively.Theconsumptionoffishalsodeclined,butmuchlesssignificantlytojustbelow50grams,soalthoughitremainedtheleastpopularfood,consumptionlevelstowerethestable.Theconsumptionofchicken,intheotherhand,showedanupwardtrend,overtakingthatoflambin1980andthatofbeefin1989.Byithadsoaredtoalmost250gramsperpersonperweek.ThegraphshowsenergyconsumptionintheUSfrom1980to,andprojectedconsumptionto2030.Overall,theUSwillcontinuetorelyonfossilfuels,withsustainableandnuclearenergysourcesremainingrelativelyinsignificant.Petrolandoilarethedominantfuelsourcesthroughouttheperiod,with35quadrillion(35q)unitsusedin1980,risingto42qin.Despitesomeinitialfluctuation,from1995therewasasteadyincrease.Thisisexpectedtocontinue,reaching47qin2030.Consumptionofenergyderivedfromnaturalgasandcoalissimilarovertheperiod.Form20qand15qrespectivelyin1980,gasshowedaninitialfallandcoalagradualincrease,withthetwofuelsequalbetween1985and1990.Consumptionhasfluctuatedsince1990butbothnowprovide24q.Coalispredictedtoincreasesteadilyto31qin2030,whereasafter,gaswillremainstableat25q.In1980,energyfromnuclear,hydro-andsolar/windpowerwasequalatonly4q.Nuclearhasrisenby3q,andsolar/windby2.Afterslightincreases,hydropowerhasfallenbacktothe1980figure.Itisexpectedtomaintainthisleveluntil2030,whiletheothersshouldriseslightlyafter2025.BARCHARTThebarchartsillustratehowdevelopinganddevelopedcountriesparticipatedineducationandscienceintheyearsof1980and1990.Intermsofyearsofschooling,bothdevelopingcountriesandindustrializedcountriesexperiencedstableincrease,withtheformerincreasingfrom2.5yearsofschoolingin1980to3.5yearsin1990,andthelattergrowingfrom8.5yearsin1980to10.5yearsin1990.Whenitcomestoscientistsandtechniciansper1000people,developingcountries,aswellasindustrializedcountries,showasimilarlyupwardtrend.Therewereabout10scientistsandtechniciansper1000peoplefordevelopingcountriesin1980whiletherewereapproximately42peopleforindustrializedcountriesinthesameperiod.Thegapwidenedin1990,with15scientistsandtechniciansper1000peopleinlessdevelopedcountriesbut70indevelopedcountries.Unlikethe2indicatorsabove-mentioned,spendingonresearchanddevelopmenthasseenautterlydifferentpictureindevelopingcountries.WhiledevelopedcountrieshavemorethandoubledtheirspendingonResearch&Developmentfrom$150billionto$350billion,developingcountriesdiminishedtheirsfrom$50billionto$25billion.ThechartshowsthetimespentbyUKresidentsondifferenttypesoftelephonecallsbetween1995and.Tosumup,althoughlocalfixedlinecallswerestillthemostpopularin,thegapbetweenthethreecategorieshadnarrowedconsiderablyoverthesecondhalfoftheperiodinquestion.Localfixedlinecallswerethehighestthroughouttheperiod,risingfrom72billionminutesin1995tojustunder90billionin1998.Afterpeakingat90billionthefollowingyear,thesecallshadfallenbacktothe1995figureby.Nationalandinternationalfixedlinecallsgrewsteadilyfrom38billionto61billionattheendoftheperiodinquestion,thoughthegrowthslowedoverthelasttwoyears.Therewasadramaticincreaseinmobilecallsfrom2billionto46billionminutes.Thisrisewasparticularlynoticeablebetween1999and,duringwhichtimetheuseofmobilephonestripled.PIECHARTItcanbeconcludedfromthepiechartthatchickenisthemostcommonlyboughtmeatwhileothersistheleastcommonlyboughtmeat.Ascanbeseeninthepiechart,chicken,whichmakesup40%,isthemostpopularamongthetotalmeatsold,thennextisporkwith20%,followedbybeef,constituting18%,andfinallycomelamb,fishandothersat15%,5%and2%respectively.Itshouldbenotedthatthesaleofporkishalfasmuchasthatofchicken.Anditisalsointerestingtonotethatthesaleofchickenis20timesasmuchasthatofothers.ThechartsshowhowmuchaUKschoolspentondifferentrunningcostsinthreeseparateyears:1981,1991and.Overall,teachers’salariesconstitutesthelargestcosttotheschool,andwhilespendingincreaseddramaticallyforequipmentandinsurance,therewerecorrespondingdropsonexpenditureonthingssuchasbooksandonotherworkers’salaries.Inallthreeyears,thegreatestexpenditurewasonstaffsalaries.Butwhileotherworkers’salariessawafallfrom28%in1981toonly15%ofspendingin,teachers’payremainedthebiggestcost,reaching50%oftotalspendingin1991andendingat45%in.Expenditureonresourcessuchasbookshadincreasedto20%by1991beforedecreasingtoonly9%bytheendoftheperiod.Incontrast,thecostoffurnitureandequipmentsawanoppositetrend.Thiscostdecreasedtoonly5%oftotalexpenditurein1991butrosedramaticallyinwhenitrepresented23%oftheschoolbudget.Similarly,thecostofinsurancesawarisingtrend,growingfromonly2%to8%by.ThechartscomparethesourceofelectricityinAustraliaandFranceintheyears1980and.Overall,itisclearthatbythesetwocountriesreliedondifferentprincipalfuelsources:AustraliareliedoncoalandFranceonnuclearpower.Betweentheseyearselectricityproductionalmostdoubled,risingfrom100unitsto170inAustralia,andfrom90to180unitsinFrance.In1980Australiausedcoalasthemainelectricitysource(50units)andtheremainderwasproducedfromnaturalgas,hydropower(eachproducing20units)andoil(whichproducedonly10units).By,coalhadbecomethefuelformorethan75%ofelectricityproducedandonlyhydrocontinuedtobeanothersignificantsourcesupplyingapproximately20%.Incontrast,Franceusedcoalasasourceforonly25unitsofelectricityin1980,whichwasmatchedbynaturalgas.Theremaining40unitswereproducedlargelyfromoilandnuclearpower,withhydrocontributingonly5units.Butbynuclearpower,whichwasnotusedatallinAustralia,haddevelopedintothemainsource,producingalmost75%ofelectricity,at126units,whilecoalandtogetherproducedonly50units.Othersourcewerenolongersignificant.Thetableshowspercentagesofconsumerexpenditureforthreecategoriesofproductsandservicesinfivecountriesin.Itisclearthatthelargestproportionofconsumerspendingineachcountrywentonfood,drinksandtobacco.Ontheotherhand,theleisure/educationcategoryhasthelowestpercentagesinthetable.Outofthefivecountries,consumerspendingonfood,drinksandtobaccowasnoticeablyhigherinTurkey,at32.14%,andIreland,atnearly29%.TheproportionofspendingonleisureandeducationwasalsohighestinTurkey,at4.35%,whileexpenditureonclothingandfootwearwassignificantlyhigherinItaly,at9%,thaninanyoftheothercountries.ItcanbeseenthatSwedenhadthelowestpercentagesofnationalconsumerexpenditureforfood/drinks/tobaccoandforclothing/footwear,atnearly16%andjustover5%respectively.Spainhadslightlyhigherfiguresforthesecategories,butthelowestfigureforleisure/education,atonly1.98%.ThefigureillustratestheprocessusedbytheAustralianBureauofMeteorologytoforecasttheweather.Therearefourstagesintheprocess,beginningwiththecollectionofinformationabouttheweather.Thisinformationisthenanalyzed,preparedforpresentation,andfinallybroadcasttothepublic.Lookingatthefirstandsecondstagesoftheprocess,therearethreewaysofcollectingweatherdataandthreewaysofanalyzingit.Firstly,incominginformationcanbereceivedbysatelliteandpresentedforanalysisasasatellitephoto.Thesamedatacanalsobepassedtoaradarstationandpresentedonaradar.Finally,driftingbuoysalsoreceivedatawhichcanbeshownonasynopticchart.Atthethirdstageoftheprocess,theweatherbroadcastispreparedoncomputers.Finally,itisdeliveredtothepublicontelevision,ontheradio,orasarecordedtelephoneannouncement.Thepictureillustratesthewayinwhichwaterpassesfromoceantoairtolandduringthenaturalprocessknownasthewatercycle.Threemainstagesareshownonthediagram.Oceanwaterevaporates,fallsasrain,andeventuallyrunsbackintotheoceansagain.Beginningattheevaporationstage,wecanseethat80%ofwatervaporsintheaircomesfromtheoceans.Heatfromthesuncauseswatertoevaporate,andwatervapourcondensestoformclouds.Atthesecondstage,labeled‘precipitation’onthediagram,waterfallsasrainorsnow.Atthethirdstageinthecycle,rainwatermaytakevariouspaths.Someofitmayfallintolakesorreturntotheoceansvia‘surfa