高考英语二轮拔高复习训练：阅读理解说明文（六）

新高考英语二轮拔高班复习资料阅读理解训练题型：说明文题组训练（六）姓名：班级：学校：错题号：（2022·湖北襄阳·襄阳四中校考模拟预测）Publictoiletsaroundtheglobehaveareputationforbeingdark,dirtyanddangerous.Tokyorecentlyunveilednewrestroomsintwopublicparksthataimtoaddressthoseconcerns.Foronething,theyarebrightlylitandcolorful.Foranother,theyaretransparent.Thisway,thosewhoneedtogocancheckoutthecleanlinessandsafetyofthetoiletswithouthavingtowalkinsideortouchathing.Japanhaslongexperimentedwithtoilets,resultinginlidsthatopen,andcloseautomaticallyandseatsthatwarmup.Butthenewtoilets—designedbyShigeruBan,thePritzkerPrize-winningarchitect—aremadeoutofa“smartglass.”ThetoiletswereinstalledinTokyoinSeptember.SetupinfrontofaclusteroftreesintheShibuyaDistrict,thetoiletsstandoutlikeaMondrianpainting.Whenoccupiedandlockedproperly,thecoloredglasstoiletsbecomefrosted(磨砂的)andopaque(nottransparent).Whenthedoorisunlocked,anelectriccurrentrearrangesthecrystalsintheglasstoallowmorelighttopassthrough,creatingatransparenteffect.Thetoiletswerepresentedasanotherfuturisticandaesthetically(美学地)pleasingexampleofthecountry’stechnologicaladvancements.ThepredecessortoTokyo’stransparenttoiletsappearedinSwitzerlandin2002,whendesignerOlivierRambertunveiledtwoglassrestroomsinthecityofLausanne.Theyhadasafetyfeaturethatautomaticallyopenedthedoorsandturnedtheglasstransparentifsensorsdetectednomotionfor10minutes.Thatcouldpossiblyhelpuserswhofallunconsciousandneedmedicalattention.1．What’sthepurposeofthedesignofnewrestrooms?A．Tomaketheparkstouristattractions.B．Tosettletheproblemswithpublictoilets.C．Tomaintainthestandardsofpublictoilets.D．Toachieveabreakthroughintoiletconstruction.2．Howdoesthe“smartglass”function?A．Bycuttingoffelectricity. B．Bygivingoffcolorfullight.C．Bysensingthehealthofpeople. D．Bychangingtheorderofcrystals.3．Whatcanwelearnaboutthetransparenttoilets?A．Theycausetheconcernsaboutprivacy.B．Theyaredecoratedwithartists’paintings.C．TheyarepioneeredbyJapanesearchitects.D．Theycombinetechnologicalandartisticelements.4．WhichcanbestdescribethesafetyfeatureofglassrestroomsinSwitzerland?A．Conventional. B．Humanized.C．Simplified. D．Recreational.（2023·重庆·统考模拟预测）Thehumanbrainisacomplexorgan.Itstoreseverythingwegothrough,fromourlifeexperiencestoourskills,ourpreferences,allthethingsthatformourpersonalityandourexistencearestoredinourbrainsaloneasmemories.Withage,thiscomplexstructureoftenbeginstodeteriorate.Thememoriesbecomehardertorecall,westartforgettingthingsandourbrainfunctionsbecomeweakerandslowerwitheachpassingday.DementiaandAlzheimer’sarementaldisordersthatcanleadtomanypainfulexperiences.Moresowhenyouseeyourownfriendsorfamilymemberssufferfromit.Buttherearesomewhodonotletevensuchproblemsbringthemdown.PaulHarvey,an81-year-oldorchestraconductor,isonesuchperson.LastSeptember,Harvey’ssonNickrecordedavideoofhisfatherplayingoneofhiscompositionsonthepianoandposteditonTwitter.HesuffersfromDementiatooandwantedtoshowtheworldtateventhismentaldisordercouldnottakemusicawayfromhisfather.Theoldmangainedappreciationandlovefrommillionsofpeopleontheinternet.Paulwentagainstthediagnosisandprovedthatmusictrulydoesreachplacesevenwordsoractionscannot.HeputhismusicoutintheworldintheformofasinglerecordedbytheBBCPhilharmonicOrchestra.ThefundsraisedbysellingtherecordsofthissinglewillbegoingtotheAlzheimer’sSocietyandMusicforDementia.ThecampaignistomakemusicavailableforfreetopatientswhosufferfromconditionslikeAlzheimer’sandDementia.Tomarkthedaysincehisvideowentviral.hewasalsoinvitedtoconducttheBBCPhilharmonicorchestraandgivenachancetoplaytwoofhiscompositionsattheirstudio,locatedinSalford.Itistrulyaheart-warmingstory.5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“deteriorate”inParagraph1mean?A．Becomeworse. B．Developslowly. C．Breakdowncompletely. D．Improvequickly.6．Howdidpeoplereacttothevideo?A．Theyappreciatedit. B．Theyfeltgreatlyupset.C．Theydidn’tcaremuch. D．Theymisunderstoodhim.7．WhatdoesHarvey’sstorymainlyshow?A．Itshowsthatmusiccansolveanymedicalproblem.B．Itshowsthatdiseasecannotdefeateveryone.C．Itshowsthatakidcanhelpabadly-illfather.D．Itshowsthatloveofinternetcanneverbechanged.8．WhyisHarvey’sstoryaheart-warmingstory?A．BecauseHarvey’sdiseasecanbedealtwithintime.B．BecauseHarveyisrecoveringfromaterribleillness.C．BecauseotherscanhelpHarveygetridofhisdisease.D．BecauseotherscanoffergoodopportunitiestoHarvey.（2022·广东·惠州一中校联考模拟预测）Theworld’sbiggestelectricvehicle—a45-tonminingdumptrucknamedtheeDumper—mayhavetogiveupitsthrone.Thenewcomer,poweredwithbothelectricityandareserveofhydrogenfuel,isgoingtostealthattitleasthelargestelectricminingtruck.London-basedAngloAmericanisdevelopingthebeastofamachine—itweighs290tons—aspartofitssustainableminingvision.Theconceptualworkisdone,butU.K-basedWilliamsAdvancedEngineeringwillbringthetrucktolife.Theideaistoreplacethevehicle’sdieselengine(柴油机)withahigh-powermodularlithium-ionbattery(锂电池).“Wearedelightedtobeinvolvedinthisinnovativeandexcitingprojectwhichshowsthepotentialofbatterytechnologythatcanadapttoincreaseddemands,fromautomotiveandmotorsportto‘heavyduty’industrialapplications,”CraigWilson,managingdirectorofWilliamsAdvancedEngineering,said.WhiletheeDumper—aminingtruckusedtomovestonesfromthesidesofmountainsinSwitzerland—reliesentirelyonpureelectricityandpurephysicsforpower,theAngloAmericantruckwillusebothalithium-ionbatteryandahydrogenfuelcell(电池)module.Altogether,thenewtruckwillhaveover1,000Kilowatthoursofenergystorage.Hydrogenfuelisaclearfuelthatproducesonlywaterasaby-productwhenconsumedinafuelcell.It’stypicallyproducedfromnaturalgas,nuclearpower,orrenewablewindandsolarpower.Addinghydrogenfuelcellstothevehicle’sbatterywillallowthetrucktorunforlongerperiodsoftimewithoutrecharging.There’salsoathirdtypeofpowerthatcomesintoplaywiththeAngloAmericantruck:kinetic(动力的)energycreatedthroughtheprocessofregenerativebraking(再生制动系统).Whenanelectricvehicle—beittheAngloAmericantruck,ortheeDumper—rollsdownahill,thatmovementcreateselectricalenergyforthebatteryasyoubrake.Theelectricmotorspowerthecarthroughthebattery’sstoredenergy,butcanalsobecomeminigeneratorsthatreturnsomeenergybacktothebattery.AfterAngloAmericanfinishestesttrialswiththetruck,thefirmwillconductstudiestounderstandhowthetruck’spowerunitscanbeusedtoprovideenergystorageinotherapplications.9．Whatcanbeknownabout“theeDumper”?A．Itweighsmorethan290tons.B．Itispoweredbyhydrogenfuel.C．Itwillnolongerbethelargestelectrictruck.D．Itwilldiscouragebuyersforbeingexpensive.10．WhatcanbeinferredfromCraigWilson’swords?A．Batterytechnologyisthekeytoupdatingvehicles.B．Batterytechnologyisthebasisofmanufacturingtrucks.C．Thedevelopmentofthelithium-ionbatteryislimited.D．Thefutureofthelithium-ionbatteryispromising.11．Whatisthebenefitofadoptinghydrogenfuelcells?A．Itcansavealotofmoney.B．Vehiclesbecomemoreeco-friendly.C．Ithasnoenvironmentalimpactatall.D．Vehiclesnolongerneedtoberecharged.12．Accordingtoparagraph5,whichofthefollowingcanbeafeatureofregenerativebraking?A．Autonomousbraking. B．Energytransformation.C．Simpleoperation. D．zero-carbonemission.（2022·广东深圳·深圳中学校考模拟预测）“Ifeelunlikable,lonelyandhopeless，”saidLisa,abrightteenagerfromalovinghome.“Itseemsthatnobodywantstobecomemyfriend.What'swrongwithme？”LikeLisa,manyofusexperienceloneliness.Thetruthisthatallpeople,nomatterwhattheirageorcharacter—eventhemostoutgoing,wealthyandpopular—experiencelonelinessatleastsometimes.It'shealthyandnaturaltowanttobearoundpeoplewhocare.Afterall,we'veallheard“Nomanisanisland.”That'strue.Weallneedothersinourlives.Solomon,thewisestmanwhoeverlived,explainsthatifwewantfriends,wemustbefriendlyandreachouttoothers.Butithasrisk.Becauseweareoftenafraidofrejection(拒绝),manyofusareunwillingtoreachouttoothers.Wetakeasaferwayandwaitforotherstomakefriendswithus.Butifwewantfriends,we'vegottogetbeyondthis.Ifmakingfriendsisyourgoalaswell,youneedtoconsidertakingsomemeasures(措施).Bewillingtotaketheinitiative(主动权).Ifyouseesomeonewhomyouwouldliketoknow,don'twaitforhertomakethefirstmove.Getclosetoherandbeginaconversation.Letherknowinanon­aggressive(无攻击性的)waythatyouareinterestedinbeingfriendswithher.Reachouttothosewhoarelonely.Whenyouseesomeoneatschoolsittingalone,gooverandtalktoher.Anddon'tletpopularitydecidewhomyoureachoutto.You'lloftenbesurprisedatthebeautifulqualitiesbehindashyappearance.Askquestions.Startyourfirstconversationbyaskingthispossiblefriendwhatshelikestodooraskingaboutherfamily.Besuretoaskquestionsthatcannotberepliedwith“yes”or“no”.Forexample,don'task“Doyouhaveadog？”Instead,say“So,tellmeaboutyourpets.”Avoidingasking“yes”or“no”questionsmakesyourpossiblefriendnotendyourcommunicationwithaone­wordanswer.13．WhydoestheauthorbeginthetextwithLisa'sworry?A．Tosetasadtone.B．ToshareLisa'spain.C．Tointroducethetopic.D．Toteachreadersalesson.14．Whatcanbeariskcausedbyreachingouttoothersaccordingtothepassage?A．Beingrefusedbyothers.B．Puttingourselvesindanger.C．Beingtreatedinarudeway.D．Losinginterestincommunicating.15．WhatcanweknowfromParagraph5?A．Shypeoplearehardtotalkto.B．Popularpeopleareofteneasy­going.C．Justwaitingforchanceswillwasteourtime.D．Apropermannerisimportantinmakingfriends.16．Whydoestheauthorsuggestnotasking“yes”or“no”questions?A．Itisconsideredunfriendly.B．Itwillleaveabadfirstimpression.C．Itshowsthepoorqualityofthespeaker.D．Itisn'tgoodforkeepingaconversationgoing.（2022·江苏南通·江苏省如东高级中学校考模拟预测）Heat,coldandtoucharecrucialforexperiencingtheworldaroundusandforourownsurvival.Buthowourbodiesactuallydoithadbeenoneofthegreatmysteries(神秘)ofbiology.ScientistswhodiscoveredhowourbodiesfeelthewarmthofthesunorthehugofalovedonehavewontheNobelPrize.DavidJuliusandArdemPatapoutian,fromtheUS,sharethe2021prizeinMedicineorPhysiologyfortheirworkonsensingtouchandtemperature.Theyexploredhowourbodiesconvertphysicalsensationsintoelectricalmessagesinthenervoussystem.Theirfindingscouldleadtonewwaysoftreatingpain.ThomasPerlman,fromtheNobelPrizeCommittee,said:“Itwasaveryimportantandprofounddiscovery.”ProfDavidJulius’sbreakthrough,attheUniversityofCalfornia,SanFrancisco,camefrominvestigatingtheburningpainwefeelfromeatingahotchillipepper(辣椒).Heexperimentedwiththesourceofachilli’sheatanddiscoveredthespecifictypeofreceptor(感觉器官)thatrespondedtoit.Furthertestsshowedthereceptorwasrespondingtoheatandkickedinat“painful“temperatures.Thisiswhathappens,forexample，ifyouyou’reyourhandonacupofcoffee.Thisledtoasensesofothertemperaturesensorsbeingdiscovered.ProfJuliusandProfArdemPalapoutianfoundonethatcoulddetectcold.Meanwhile,ProfPatapoutian,workingattheScripsResearchinstitute,wasalsoanalyzingcellsinadish.Thoseexperiments