CAM - 计算机辅助制造

ComputerAidedManufacturingComputerAidedManufacturingAboutClassClasstype：SpecificnecessaryclassTotalhours：36Teaching：32Experiment：4connectwithteacherLiuJishengandYuNingTel(LiYScore：4Teachingmethod：bilingualExamination：ExperimentSmallassignmentCloseandEnglish（2hours）Chapter1:IntroductiontoManufacturing1.1Introduction1.2BasicDefinitionsForManufacturingSystems1.3DesignActivitiesForManufacturingSystems1.4PlanningAndControlActivitiesForManufacturingSystems1.5ManufacturingControl1.1IntroductionWealthNaturalresourcesManufacture(relyon)DistributionandserviceSeveralimprovementsinmanufactureCreateandusehandtools(instoneage)Machinetools(IndustrialRevolution)PartsinterchangeabilitydevelopedinEuropeProduction/assemblylineandmassproductionMassproductionin20thcentury>producemore,better,andinexpensivegoods.DigitalcomputerNCmachinetoolswereinvented,Robotics,CAD,CAM,FMSSmallbatchdynamicproductionenvironsareneededTrend(Smalldemand,lowproduct>massproduction>smallproduct,moreproductvariety)1.2BasicDefinationManufacturingManufacturingproductionManufacturingprocessesManufacturingEngineeringManufacturingsystemManufacturingManufacturingisacollectionofinterrelatedoperationsandactivitiesthatincludesproductdesign,materialselection,planning,production,inspection,managementandmarketingoftheproducts,forthemanufacturingindustriesManufacturingproductionAseriesofprocessesadoptedtofabricate(制作)aproductNotincludetheactivityfordesigning,planning,andcontrollingtheproductionManufacturingprocessesManufacturingprocessesarethelower-levelmanufacturingactivitiesusedtomakeproducts.Therearetraditionalmachiningprocesses,forexample,turning,milling,andgrinding,andmoreadvancednonchippingprocesses,forexample,electrochemicalmachining(ECM,电解加工)andelectrodischarge*machining(EDM,放电加工)ManufacturingEngineeringInvolvesthedesign,operation,andcontrolofmanufacturingprocessesItistheheartofdesign,planning,andcontrolofthemanufacturingsystemRequiresknowledgefromotherdisciplines,suchaselectricalengineering,mechanicalengineering,materialsengineering,chemicalengineering,andsystem/informationengineering.ManufacturingsystemAnorganizationthatcomprisesseveralinterrelatedmanufacturingsubsets.Itsobjectiveistointerfacewithoutsideproductionfunctionsinordertooptimizethetotalproductivityperformanceofthesystem,suchasproductiontime,cost,andmachineutilization.Theactivitiesofthesesubsetsincludedesign,planning,manufacturing,andcontrol.Thesesubsetsarealsoconnectedwithproductionfunctionsoutsidethesystem,suchasaccounting,marketing,financing,andpersonnelRelationshipManufacturingManufacturingsystemMarketingAccountingFinancingDesignPlanning/ControlManufacturingproductionManufacturingprocessManufacturingEngineeringPerformanceofManufacturingSystemTimeQualityCostServiceEnvironmentTQCSEComputerAidedManufacturingGenerally,computer-aidedmanufacturing(CAM)canbedefinedas“theapplicationsofcomputersinmanufacturing”.CAMthusincludesalargernumberoffunctions,suchasdesignactivities,processplan,NCprogramming,productionscheduling,manufacturingcontrol,qualitycontrol,analysisandsoon.广义CAM是指借助计算机来完成从生产准备到产品制造出来的过程中的各项活动，包括工艺过程设计、工装设计、数控加工编程、生产作业计划、制造过程控制、质量检测与分析等。Basically,CAMreferstotheapplicationsofcomputersinNCprogramming.Includedhereareapplicationssuchastoolpathplanning,cutterlocationgeneration,toolpathsimulationandverification,NCcodegenerationandsoon.狭义CAM通常是指计算机在某个制造环节中的应用，通常是指计算机辅助数控加工，即NC程序编制。包括刀具路径规划、刀位文件生成、刀具轨迹仿真及NC代码生成等。ManufacturingManufacturingsystemMarketingAccountingFinancingDesignPlanning/ControlManufacturingproductionManufacturingprocessManufacturingEngineering1.3DesignActivitiesDesignActivitiesFirststepIncludingDesignconceptualizationFunctionidentificationandanalysisProductmodelingMaterialselectionDesignforefficientmanufacturingDimensioningandtoleratingofaproductProductModelingEstablishtheanalyticalandgraphicalrepresentationofproduct.CADisapopularmethodMaterialSelectionSelectingapropermaterialMeetthefunctionalrequirementConnectwiththeprocessingMachineToolsDesignforEfficientManufacturingInmanufacturingprocessDesignforEfficientManufacturingInmanufacturingprocessDesignforEfficientManufacturingInmanufacturingprocessDesignforEfficientManufacturingInmanufacturingprocessDesignforEfficientManufacturingInmanufacturingprocessDesignforEfficientManufacturingInmanufacturingprocessDesignforEfficientManufacturingInmanufacturingprocessDesignforEfficientManufacturingInmanufacturingprocessDesignforEfficientManufacturingInmanufacturingprocessDesignforEfficientManufacturingInassemblyDesignforEfficientManufacturingInassemblyDesignforEfficientManufacturingInassemblyDesignforEfficientManufacturingInassemblyDimensioningandtolerancingConnectedtotheselectionofmachineryandamanufacturingprocessMostcommonmistakesOverspecification(公差标注要求过高)TrendManufacturingManufacturingsystemMarketingAccountingFinancingDesignPlanning/ControlManufacturingproductionManufacturingprocessManufacturingEngineering1.4PlanningandControlActivities1.4PlanningandControlActivitiesHowtoguaranteedtheperformanceofamanufacturingsystme?DetailpreliminaryplanningLegitimatecontrolFeedbackofthesystemBecategorizedintoPhysicalresourceMaterial-requirementplanning,capacityplanning,facilityplanning,inventorycontrol,toolmanagementInformation/knowledgeCommunication,manufacturingdatabase.TimeProductionscheduling1.4PlanningandControlActivitiesMaterial-requirementsplanningMasterproduction-schedulerequirementsRawmaterialInventorystatusSubassemblysequencesWorkordersandschedulingnotices

production-schedule：生产进度表

rawmaterial：原材料billofmaterial：材料单

inventory：存货storagewarehouse：存储型仓库workorders：作业命令书schedulingnotice：日程安排通知书shopfloor：车间、工厂CapacityPlanningIdentifythenumberofMachinePersonsMaterial-handingresourceToolingAvailabilityofshiftsperworkdayTheworkdayperworkweekmaterialhandling：物料输送tooling：机床配备成套工具shifts：班次工作时间subcontract：转包工程（dayshift/nightshift）Facilityandmaterial-handlingdeviceplanningSelectandarrangethephysicallayoutforManufacturingfacilitiesMaterial-handlingdeviceStoragespaceLayout：布局图InventorycontrolThegoalGuaranteenodelaysofthematerialsupplyMinimizegoodsintheinventory.JIT(Just-in-time)inventory：存货economic：经济(上)的,产供销的workinprocess（WIP）：在产品

just-in-time(JIT)：及时供给ToolmanagementTrackingoftoollocationCuttingelapsedtimeTimesforreconditioningMinimizingtoolbreakageelapsedtime：经过（占用）时间recondition：修理、修磨toolwearandbreakage：刀具磨损及破损SchedulingDispatchjobordersSeveralrulesFIFO(Firstin,Firstout)SPT(Shortest-processing-time)LIFO(Lastin,Firstout)SeveralfactorscanmeasurethescheduleFlowtime,makespan,machineutilization,anddue-dateconstraintsjoborder：工作单Flowtime:流动时间

makespan：作业期due-date

：到期日、支付日QualityControlThegoalEnsurethefinalacceptabilityofaproduct.TheresponsiveactivitiesInspectionSamplingManufacturinginformationmanagementDealwiththeflowandallocationofinformationconcerningmanufacturingresourceandfunctions.WorkersMachinesMaterialsToolingComputerdatabasesInformationandcommunicationEspeciallyimportantforlargeandcomputer-integratedmanufacturingsystems(CIMS).Smunicationprotocol：通信协议1.5ManufacturingControlOndifferentlevel,thereisdifferentcontrol.FactorylevelProductioncenterlevelCelllevelWorkstationlevelProcesslevel1.5ManufacturingControlAtthefactorylevel,controlusuallyreferstothecoordinationofavarietyofactivitiestoensureprofitableoperation.Materialsmanagementandcapacityplanningareprincipalcontrolfunctionsatthislevel.1.5ManufacturingControlAttheproductioncenterlevel,themajorfocusofcontrolisonthecoordinationofactivitiestomaximizecellutilizationandminimizeinventorylevels.

1.5ManufacturingControlAtthecelllevel,controlbecomesinvolvedwiththeschedulingofindividualpartsontomachines.Schedulingisamajorcomponentofcellcontrol.1.5ManufacturingControlTheselectionandapplicationofvariables,suchasspeeds,feeds,tooling,toolpathsandsoon,formtheprimaryfocusoftheworkstationcontroller.1.5ManufacturingControlAtthemanufacturingprocesslevel,motors,switches,feedbackdevices,andsoon,mustbecontrolledinordertoattainthedesiredmachinekinematicsrequiredtoproduceapart.Today'snewengineeringthrustsAgileengineering/敏捷制造Virtualmanufacturing/虚拟制造Nanotechnologies/纳米技术Rapidprototyping/快速成型Agileengineering

Asetofintegrationlinkagesthatallowcross-functionalactivitiestooccurtransparentlyforthedesigner,processengineerandproductionengineer.Focusatrapidresponsetocustomerandproductchanges(demandanddesign).VirtualmanufacturingInavirtualenterprise,avarietyofmanufacturingresourceentities(possiblyevencompetitors)willbeassessabletoadesigner.Forexample,ifaspecialplanningormanufacturingprocessisrequiredtobringanewproducttofruition,thedesignerwouldhaveaccesstoexistingmanufacturingfacilitieswiththese