中考英语总复习

Chapter1disappointvt.→disappointsb使某人失望=makesbdisappointeddisappointedadj.感到失望的→bedisappointedat…对…失望disappointingadj.令人失望的disappointmentn.失望appearv.出现→appearancen.外貌eg.Don’tjudgeapersonbyhisappearance.speakv.说，演讲→speakern.演讲者，喇叭，音响

speechn.讲话，演讲restv.靠，倚→n.休息havearest→n.剩余theresthesitatev.犹豫→hesitatetodosth做某事很犹豫hesitationn.犹豫→withouthesitation=atonce=immediately毫不犹豫地tooth牙（单数）→teeth复数Employeen.雇员；employern.雇主；employv.雇佣asetof+n.(如果是可数，则为复数形式）Eg.Asetoftools一副工具congratulatev.→congratulatesb祝贺某人Congratulationn.→congratulations（tosb）beautyn.美人→beautifuladj.美丽的→beautifullyadv.动人地Reply=answerv.回复→replytosb/sth=answersb/tosthAnswern.答案→theanswertothequestion这个问题的答案part-timeadj.兼职的Full-timeadj.全职的senioradj.高级的junioradj.初级的决定做某事：decidetodosth=makeadecisiontodosth坐火车：（go）bytrain=takeatrain问候某人：greetsb=sayhellotosb给某人留下好的印象：make/leave/haveagoodimpressiononsb提醒某人某事：remindsbaboutsth提醒某人(想起）某事：remindsbofsth提醒某人去做某事：remindsbtodosth休息：havearest=haveabreak匆匆看一眼：glanceat=haveaquicklookat端坐：situp昂首：holdone’sheadup对某人微笑：smileatsb与某人眼神交流：makeeyecontactwithsb比起做B更喜欢做A：preferdoingAtodoingB=likedoingAbetterthandoingB=wouldratherdoAthandoB(当动词相同时，后一个可以省略）怎么了？：what’sup/wrong/thematterwithsb?=whathappenedtosb?welcomen.欢迎；adj.受欢迎的一定用the的地方：1.特指：Youcan’tdrinkthewater.2.独一无二：thesun3.最高级：themost4.乐器：playthepiano5.专用名词：theGreatWall6.姓氏复数前，表示这家人：theGreens7.序数词前：thesecond8.中国传统节日：theSpringFestival9.再次提起或是说话双方都知道的。不用冠词的地方：1.三餐、运动名词前：havebreakfast、playfootball(踢足球）(若三餐钱有adj修饰，需要有冠词：haveaquickbreakfast）(若有playthefootball，则译为玩足球。如：The3-year-oldbabyisplayingthefootball.)2.节日、星期、月份、季节名词。3.国名、人名、地名。4.当名词前已有物主代词(my/your/his/her/its/their)或指示代词(that/this/those/these)5.称呼或头衔6.固定短语：atnoon/midday/night,bytrain等7.抽象、物质名词复数（表示类别）：Failureisthemotherofsuccess.失败乃成功之母。Mancan’tlivewithoutwater.8.有无冠词时，短语意义不同。没有则意义抽象化gotobed去睡觉gotoschool去上学gototheschool去学校beinhospital住院beinthehospital去医院beinclass在上课beinprison在坐牢beatwork在工作Chapter2caren.照料carefuladj.认真的，细心的→carefullyadv.认真地carelessadj.粗心的→carelesslyadv.粗心地suitv.适合≈fit区别：suit：指颜色、花样或者款式适合fit：指大小、尺寸合体suitableadj.适合的→besuitableforsb适合某人promisev./n.允诺promisesb答应某人promisetodosth答应做某事makeapromise（tosb）（对某人）许诺keepone’spromise遵守诺言breakone’spromise打破诺言dailyadj.日常的=everyday→everydayclothes便服

adv.每日，天天=everydaydirtn.污垢、泥土→dirtyadj.脏的shinev.发光、闪亮→shinyadj.闪亮的wondern.奇迹→wonderfuladj.精彩的=great=welldonewiseadj.聪明的，明智的≈smart/clever/bright区别：wise更高层次，指谋略等dry(v.)sth=makesthdry(adj.)把…弄干drysthout把…完全弄干（干枯）gentleadj.温柔的→gentlyadv.温柔地→gentlemann.绅士missv.错过；思念n.小姐missing=lostadj.遗失的dependv.依靠，取决于→dependon=bedecidedbydependentadj.依赖的=bedependenton=relyonmindv.介意→mind（doing）……介意……expertn.专家，指熟练程度高specialistn.专家，指专业的healthn.健康，健康状况→healthyadj.健康的

other+n.eg.Wouldyoulikeotherfood?您还想要别的食物吗？别的不定代词/疑问代词+elseeg.Anythingelse？还有别的吗？

(不定代词：anything，nothing，something等)(疑问代词：what等)

after照顾

for寻找lookto看向

over仔细地看

up（inthedictionary）查（特指查字典）照顾（护理）：carefor≈takecareof=lookafter非常开心：ontopoftheworld=veryhappy从…得到：get…from；从…学到：learn…from保持…（如何）：keep…adj.有一个好的饮食：haveagooddiet节食：beonadiet大量的：plentyof=alotof=lotsof=alargenumberof至少：atleast≈morethan多于太多：toomuch倒装句：Theywillgofishingtomorrowandsoshallwe.(sowillyou)[第一人称的将来时倒装、疑问用shall]HecanplaytheguitarandsocanI.

他会弹吉他，而我也会。[其他翻译类似]Youwillshineandsowillyourhair.YouareastudentandsoamI.YoulikeEnglishandsodoesTim.TheyhavebeentoBeijingandsohavewe.[肯定句用so，否定句用neither]It’s+adj.+ofsbtodosth.形容某人的品质可以改为：sbbeadj.todosth.eg.It’skindofyoutohelpme.=You’rekindtohelpme.It’s+adj.+for+sbtodosth.形容某事（对于某人如何）eg.It’seasyformetopasstheexam.enoughadj./adj.足够的/足够地enough+n.；adj.+enoughChapter3nearbyadj.附近的：在名词前后都可以eg.Iliveinanearbyschool.adv.在v.后eg.Ilivenearby.near介词.在名词前eg.Helivesneartheschool.[需要加冠词]cheatv.欺骗n.骗子，也可为cheaterineg.GuangdongliesinthesouthofChina.liev.位于oneg.JiangxiliesonthenorthofGuangdong.toeg.BeijingliestothenortheofShanghai.placeofinterestn.名胜古迹→复数placesofinterestbasen.底座→bebasedon以…为基础funn.有趣的事→funnyadj.有趣的一般现在时，过去式，过去分词，现在分词位于、躺lielaylainlying说谎lieliedliedlying放置，下（蛋）laylaidlaidlaying[lie也可作n.谎言，可数→telllies]appreciatev.感谢，后面只能接事情或者物eg.Imustappreciateyourhelp.thanksbfor(doing)sth因某事感谢某人begratefultosbfor(doing)sthbethankfultosbfor(doing)sthaudiencen.观众，和people一样是集体名词，没有复数形式，但作为复数名词使用。hirev.租用，雇佣→firev.解雇位于：liein=belocatedin=bein成形：takeshape=developintoaclearform=bealmostcompleted被……吸引：beattractedby=beinterestedin看起来像：looklike=belike预先：inadvance=ahead(oftime)[句中有具体时间时，不加oftime]多于：morethan=over在…之间：betweenAandB(两者)；among……（三者或以上）在…之上：on…（紧贴）；over…（有空隙）在…下面：under…=below…用…制造：bemadeof（易看出）；bemadefrom（不易看出，如，paper纸）一段十五分钟的路（散步）：fifteenminutes‘walk=afifteen-minutewalk照镜子：lookatoneselfinthemirrorboth(…and…)/(are/were)两者都[复数]Either(…or…)/(is/was)两者之一[单数]Neither(…nor…)/(is/was)两者都不[单数]all[复数]三者或以上都none[多用单数，也可用复数]三者或以上都不[后都可接of……]区别none和noonenone可指人、物，用于回答howmany+n,howmuch+n及含any+n引起的疑问句noone只能指人，只能用作单数，不能接of，用来回答who,及含anyone,anybody引起的疑问句

It可指代：人、物、事、距离、时间、天气等it与one的区别eg.Thebookisinteresting.Ilikeit.Wheredidyoubuyit?Iwanttobuyone.

it:指这一本书；one：指这本书的“同类”中的某一个。nouse没用的Itisfundoingsth有趣的nogood不好的worth值得的said(据说)Itis+过去分词reported(据报道)that从句well-known(众所周知)[但要注意前后时态一致，eg.Itwassaidthatthepolicehadcaughttherobber]Chapter4behavev.表现→behaveoneself规矩点

behavewell/badly守规矩/举止不端behaviorn.行为，举止narrowadj.窄的→narrowlyadv.勉强的wideadj.宽的→widelyadv.广泛地hurtvt.伤害→adj.受伤的（现在时、过去时、过去分词都一样）violentadj.暴力的→violencen.暴力（不可数）aviolentstorm狂风暴雨；aviolentflood洪水泛滥错误（可数n.）error=mistake队伍line=queueeducatev.教育→educationn.教育educational/educativeadj.有教育意义的[前者常用，浅层；后者深层]furthereducation深造eg.Hewentabroadforfurthereducation.medicaladj.医药的→medicinen.药物（不可数）吃药：takemedicineadvisevt.→advicen.建议（不可数）一条建议apieceofadvice许多建议many/alotof

piecesofadvice几条建议somepiecesofadvice[没有muchadvice]建议…去做…advisesbtodosth接受某人的建议：takeone’sadviceconclusionn.结论→make/drawaconclusion下结论accidentn.事故→accidentaladj.意外的→accidentallyadv.意外地helpv.帮助→helpful=usefuladj.有帮助的，有用的→unhelpful=uselessadj.无用的，不愿帮助的→helplessadj.无助的(指心情上的)accept和receive的区别vt.拒绝refuseaccept(主观)接受；receive(客观)收到IreceivedaboxbutIdidn’tacceptit.站队/排队等候/插队：stand/wait/jumpinqueue/line说服…做…：persuadesbtodosth偶然地：byaccident=bychance=accidentally受伤：behurt(adj.)在玩耍：(be)atplay(n.)=(be)playing动身去…：leaveforsw=gotosw从…去…：leaveswforsw质问某人、询问某人：questionsb对…有负罪感、内疚：feelguiltyfor对…感到抱歉：feelsorryfor忙于……：bebusydoing怎么做whattodo(withsth)=howtodealwithsthwhattodo(aboutit)=howtodoit与某人无关：It’snoneofone’sbusiness.=Ithasnothingtodowithsb.现在完成时：have/has+过去分词含义：1.发生在过去2.对现在有影响或联系havegoneto:已经去了某地（所指人物不在对话的地方）

eg.Wherearetheboystudents?Theyhavegonetotheschoolfactoryhavebeento:曾经到过某地（后接次数：once，threetimes，sometimes）

eg.IhavebeentoBeijingfor

3times.havebeenin:已经在某地呆了多久（说话时还在那里）（后接时间段：4years,since2yearsago)eg.IhavebeeninShenzhenfor4years.[过去完成时则为had]过去完成时：had+过去分词含义：过去的过去eg.HetoldusthathewouldgotoBeijingthisweekend.eg.By/beforenineo’clockyesterdayevening,Ihadfinishedmyhomework.在完成时中：

already:用于肯定句中表示强调可不要

yet:用于疑问句或否定句(一般在句末)ever:曾经(表肯定)，多用于疑问句：eg.HaveyouevervisitedShenzhen?ThisthebestplacethatIhaveevervisited.never:不曾(表否定)eg.Hehasneverseenhisfriendsincethen.时间状语：since/for/before/bysince:自从……，后接时间点，如：since2yearsago.[用在持续动词中]

若为从句，从句为一般过去时，如：sinceyoumethim.

一般用于现在完成时，eg.WehavebeengoodfriendssinceImovedhere.

过去完成时的情况，eg.Hesaidtheyhadbeengoodfriendssincehemovedhere.for:后接时间短，如：for3years[用在持续动词中]before:在现在完成时中，单独用，或beforenow，强调到目前为止的之前；在过去完成时中，后接时间点，如：beforenineo’clockyesterdayevening.若为从句，从句为一般过去时，如：beforehermothercame.by:在现在完成时中为bynow，同上。在过去完成时中，后接时间点，如：bysixo’clockyesterday.若后接从句,从句为一般过去时during:后接过去的某个时间，表示过去某个时间到现在[用在持续动词中]

如：duringthepast20yearssofar=uptonow：强调到目前为止的现在，用于现在完成时when:从句，多接一般过去式，也可接过去进行时

[若是while，则多接过去进行时，也可接一般过去式]注意：若句中的时间为具体时间，如：…ago/justnow/at6等，多为一般过去时。具体结合语境做题时，要注意时态，如：Hetoldushe

beentoBeijing.He

hishatandwentout.短暂性动词持续性动词die死bedeadleave离开beaway(from)begin开始beonbuy买haveborrow从……借来keepbecome成为become/arrive来/到达be/atinfallasleep睡着beasleepfallinlovewith爱上→爱着beinlovewithgoout出去beoutputon穿wearjoin参加beamemberof/beeninopen开beopenmarry结婚be/getmarriedmakefriends做朋友befriendscatchacold感冒haveacoldfinish完成beovergotoschool去上学beastudentgettoknow认识knowChapter5contestn.竞赛；v.竞争→contestantn.参赛者，竞争者[益智类比赛][运动会上的：运动员用player或选手athlete]directv.指导，管理→directorn.导演，负责人hostn.(男)主持人→hostessn.女主持人waiter(男)服务员→waitress女服务员actor演员→actress女演员calmadj.镇静的；vt.使……平静→calmlyadv.镇静地calmdown冷静下来recordv.录制，录音；n.唱片→recordingn.录音cameran.相机→cameramann.摄影师surprisen.意想不到的事，惊喜；v.使…惊讶可数n.：指一回事：Whatasurprisetoseeyouhere!不可数n.:指心情上的:Hisfaceshowedsurpriseatthenews.surprising令人惊讶的；surprised感到惊讶的adj.对…感到惊讶:besurprisedat出乎…的意料：toone’ssurpriseraisevt.举起eg.Theboyraisedtheflag.risevi.升起eg.Thesunrisesfromtheeast.preparev.准备→preparedadj.准备好的→unpreparedadj.没有准备好的publicadj.公共的→inpublic公共地，当众[adv.]ina/thepublicplace在公共场所privateadj.私人的→inprivate私下地[adv.]emergencyn.紧急情况→emergentadj.紧急的在紧急关头inanemergency还有五分钟：fiveminutestogo=fiveminutesleft坐在桌子旁：sitatthedesk在吃饭：attable举手：raiseone’shand=putupone’shand提出问题：raisequestions[question可数的，指书本中或向老师或其他人问的问题][problem一般不可数,更严重，指麻烦等]保持镇静：keepcalm/still≈keepquiet领先于:beaheadof=be/do/bedoingbetterthan在…前面[只能指位置上的]：infrontof[外面]；inthefrontof[里面]立刻，马上：atonce=immediately=rightaway是做…的时候了：it’stimefor…=it’stimetodo…再多六个问题：sixmorequestions=anothersixquestions没有准备好：beunpreparedforsth/todosth=benotreadyforsth/todosth一个两人旅行：atripfortwo反义疑问句问句：前否后肯，前肯后否回答：只要事实是肯定，则用yes，否定用noeg.Youareateacher,aren’tyou?---yes,I’m./no,I’mnot.(是的，我是老师；不，我不是老师）

Hissisterdidn’tattendthemeeting,didshe?-----Yes,sheattend./No,shedidn’t.(不，她参加了；是的，她没有参加）否定前移(think,believe,suppose,expect)Idon’tbelievetheyhavefinishedtheirworkyet.=Ibelievethehavenotfinishedtheirworkyet.Idon’tthinkheisright,ishe?=Ithinkheisn’tright,ishe?但语言习惯不会用后者句式，于是有了否定前移。否定前移的反义疑问句：I/Wedon’tthinkhecanpasstheexam,canhe?You/Hedon’t/doesn’tthinkhecanpasstheexam,doyou/doeshe?Chapter6warmv.使…温暖：warmsth/sb→adj.温暖的→warmthn.温暖bitn.少量→abitof=bitsof=alittle一点点（接不可数名词）abitof+n,abit+adj/adv,alittle+adj/adv/n一般现在时-一般过去式-过去分词-现在分词die-died-died-dyingv.死亡eg.Hedied10yearsago.dyingadj.垂死的eg.Thedoctorsavedthedyingman.deadadj.死了的eg.Hewasdead.deathn.死讯eg.Hisdeathmadeeveryonesad.influencev.影响→n.影响力，作用sb/sthbeinfluencedbysb/sth

……被……影响sb/sthheveaninfluence/affectonsb/sth

……影响着……cattlen.牛[总称]可数，但没有复数形式fish鱼，sheep羊同上flyv.飞，疾行-过去时flew-过去分词flowncrueladj.残忍的→crueltyn.残忍becrueltosb对……残忍；asignofcruelty残忍的表现introducev.介绍→introductionn.介绍introducesbtosb向某人介绍某人comparev.相比，比较compareAwithB将A与B比较compareAtoB将A比作Bspace≈roomn.空间(不可数)若指太空，只能用space；若room作房间，可数orderv.点（菜），命令：ordersbtodocolleague=workmaten.同事because+句子；becauseof+n.pityn.憾事→Whatapity!真遗憾！=whatashame!insteadof/inplaceof和taketheplaceof区别eg.Yourmotherwillgotothemeetinginsteadof/inplaceofyourfather.=Yourmotherwilltaketheplaceofyourfathertogotothemeeting.对…没胃口：lose(one’s)appetitefor……下降：comedown增加体重：putonweight=beheavier/fatter给…腾出空间：makespacefor减肥：loseweight=bethinner值得深思的事：food/thingsforthought不再：nomore=nolonger生病：beill/sick=getill/sick代替：insteadof=inplaceof和…开玩笑：playajoke/trickonsb过去常常做：usedtodosth习惯于做：beuseddoing被用作：beusedtodo一点也不：notabit=notatall不少的：notalittle≈alotof灭绝：dieout；死于某病：dieof；死于某事：diefrom度过某人的一生：spendone’slife推测：mustbe(一定是);maybe(可能是);can’tbe(不可能)用must提问，否定回答用needn’t=don’thave/needto.用may提问，否定回答用mustn’t/can’t/maynot语气由强到弱，具体分析语境用need提问，肯定回答用must，否定用needn’t=don’thave/needto.need，作情态动词+动词原形：needdo→needn’tdo做实义动词+todo：needtodo→don’tneedtodosthneeddoing=sthneedtobedone(need是实义动词，用do/does提问;后者不常用)作情态动词时，一般用在否定句和疑问句中maybe和maybe的区别maybe:v.用在句中：主语+maybe……eg.Hemaybeathome.be为be的原型maybe:adv.多用在句首：maybe+主语+be……eg.Maybeheisathomebe可以是be的多种形式Chapter7conductv.指挥→conductorn.(乐队)指挥shockv.使…震惊→shockedadj.感到震惊的;shockingadj.令人震惊的beshockedatsth对……感到震惊mistaken.错误→mistakenadj.错误的=wrongfinaladj.最后的→finallyadv.最后=atlaststatev.陈述→statementn.陈述safeadj.安全的→safetyn.安全的地方take…tosafety把……带到安全的地方kidnapn.绑架→过去时kidnapped/现在分词kidnapping→kidnappern.绑架者prisonn.牢笼，监牢→prisoner囚犯inprison在坐牢touchv.触碰→touchedadj.感动的betouchedby=bemovedby被……感动forcev.强迫→forcesbtodosth≈makesbdo强迫某人做某事

sbbeforcedtodo≈sbbemadetodo某人被强迫做某事[make强迫的意味没有force强烈]savev.挽救：savesb=saveone’slife救了某人savewater/time节约水/时间；savemoney存钱presentv.赠送：presentsbwithsth=givesbsth(asagift)n.礼物=giftatpresent=now目前marryv.结婚：marrysb与……结婚marriedadj.已婚的：be/getmarried(tosb)(与某人)结婚了unmarriedadj.未婚的singleadj/n.单身的(人)angryadj.生气的→angrilyadv.→angern.beangrywithsbaboutsth因某事对某人生气withanger=angrily气愤地agreevi→agreementn.同意agreetodosth同意做某事agreewithsb/whatsbsaid同意某人；（气候、食物）适合某人agreetosth(主语为单数)同意计划、安排agreeonsth(主语为复数)同意计划、安排burst(现在时、过去时、过去分词相同)burstin=breakin：后不接地点；burstintosw=breakintoswburstintotears忍不住哭了；burstintolaughter忍不住笑了在…之下：beneathsth在…之间：inthemiddleof出生：beborn教某人做某事：teachsbhowtodosth把某人抓进监狱：putsbinprison喜极而泣：crywithjoy=cryjoyfully宾语从句宾语从句的时态由主句决定：主句是过去时，从句要用相应的过去时(直接引语→间接引语时，若从句为一般过去式，则改为过去完成时)eg.Heaskedwhentheywouldgototheparty.主句是现在时，从句时态不变eg.Doyouknowwhenwewillhaveafootballmatch?从句为客观事实，则不受主句时态影响eg.Theteachertoldusthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.从句语序为陈述语序eg.Heaskedhowmuchshepaidforthehat.引导词：陈述句为that，特殊疑问句看情况[特殊疑问句:用when，how，what等提问]一般疑问句用if或weather[一般疑问句:用do，is，are等提问][若有ornot只能用weather]eg.Heaskedme,‘Areyouastudent?’→HeaskedifIwasastudent.=HeaskedweatherIwasastudent(ornot).Chapter8attemptv.n.试图，尝试attempt(v.)todosth试图做某事humourn.幽默→humourousadj.幽默的幽默感：asenseofhumourgiftn.天赋=talent；礼物=presententerv.进入→entrancen.入口反义词：exit出口perfectadj.完美的=wonderfulperfectlyadv.完美地=wonderfully≈withoutanymistakeproducev.生产→productn.产品→producern.制片人，生产商researchn.v.研究astronomern.天文学家→astronomyn.天文学woodn.木头（不可数）→woods树林→woodenadj.木制的distancen.距离→distantadj.遥远的howfarisitfrom…to…?=what’sthedistance(from…to…)/(between…and…)?drawv.画；拉=pull→drawern.抽屉推：pushreplyv.n.回答Hestoodup(toreplyto)/(inreplyto)thequestion.v.n.invitev.邀请→invitationn.lecturen.演讲=speech→lecturern.演讲者；lectureen.听演讲的人difficultadj.困难的→difficultyn.困难的事（一般可数）pleasev.、介词使…高兴；敬辞，请pleasedadj.满意的；pleasantadj.令人满意的[pleasantlyadv.]pleasuren.荣幸，乐意It’sa/mypleasure.这是我的荣幸

用于他人对自己的感谢之后Withpleasure.我很乐意用于别人向自己请求帮助时joinv.加入组织、党派等eg.jointheParty加入共产党joinin=takepartin加入活动、派对等eg.joininthegame/partypurposen.目的→onpurpose故意地calln.电话：makeacalltosb=call(v.)sb给…打电话callvt.callatsw拜访某地；callonsb拜访某人把…看作：regard…as…=consider…as…去…的路上：onthewayto乐意做：It’spleasuretodo…让某人失望：let…down=make…disappointed熟记：learn…byheart=remember/memorize…well主动提出做：offertodo…事实上：infact在宇宙：intheuniverse=inspace语法：不定式：todo（否定：nottodo）n.+todo:作定语时，一般在名词后面eg.Ihavelotsofthingstodo.不及物动词的不定式作定语时，后加相应介词eg.Sheisaverynicepersontoworkwith.疑问词+todo:[what/who/which/where/when/how/why]作主语:谓语动词常用单数形式eg.Whentostarthasnotbeendecided.作宾语:即宾语从句：Hetoldmewheretofindthebook.双重宾语：Hewillteachyouhowtoplaythepiano.作表语:Thequestionishowtodothejobwell.下列动词后接todo：want(sb);asksb;tellsb;hope;wish(sb);learn;teachsb;decide;manage;pretend(假装);plan;refuse;agree;expect;promise;offer；It’sadj.for/ofsbtodo;enoughtodohelpsb(to)do[一般省略to]forget/remembertodo忘记/记得去做forget/rememberdoing忘记/记得做过stoptodo停下去做(另一件事)stop(from)doing停下(正在做的事)[from一般省略]下列动词直接接do[否定:notdo]letsb;hadbetter;makesb;whynotseesbdo常发生的或指一回事seesbdoing某个瞬间或偶然见到的事(hear、watch同see)Chapter9gardenn.花园→gardeningn.园艺→gardenern.园丁Hehasagreenthumb/finger.=Heisgoodatgardening.naturen.自然→naturaladj.自然的survivev.幸存=bestillalive→survivorn.幸存者→survivaln.幸存excitev.使…兴奋→excitementn.兴奋→excited；excitingadj.

fairadj.公平的→fairlyadv.公平地unfair不公平的→unfairly不公平地commonadj.普遍的，常见的→commonlyadv.常见地

rare罕见的rarely罕见地Innatureflowerswithbrightcoloursarecommonlyfound.在自然界中，色彩明亮的花朵是很常见的。在被动语态中，副词常放动词前，主动语态中副词一般在动词后。trueadj.真实的→trulyadv.→truthn.tellthetruth说出真相区别true和realtrue：指(抽象的)事情、事件，如故事[story]、话语[word、whatyousaid]real：