Jenny阅读理解推断题

Howtomakelogicalinference?ReadingComprehensionTherearethreemenonatrain.MrAspeaksEnglishandChinese.MrBspeaks

FrenchandEnglish.MrCcanonlytalkwithMrA.WhatlanguagedoesMrCspeak?

Chinese.typesofinferenceInferencebasedoncertaindetailsorfactsInferencebasedonlogicalrelationshipofthecontextInferencebasedontheauthor’sopinionsorattitudes1.Wecaninfer(推断)fromthepassagethat___.2.Thestorysuggests(暗示)that_______.3.Wecanconclude(得出结论)fromthepassagethat____.4.Whichofthefollowingmighthappenlater?5.Fromthepassagewecantell/learn______.6.Thewriterofthepassageconsidersit_______.7.Whichofthefollowingindicates/implies____?Questionforms:Keypoint:意思要靠推断得出，而不是从原文照搬

TypeA

Inferencebasedon

certaindetailsorfactsInferencebasedoncertaindetailsorfactsInferenceaboutdataEX(1)FamilyRailcardFor＄20thisrailcardallowsyoutotakeasecondadultandupto4childrenforonly＄3eachwhenyoubuysingleorreturntickets.Youcantravelasoftenasyoulikeuntilthecardbecomesoutofdate.

Q:Amanboughthimselfaticketof＄15andthreeticketsforhisfamilywithafamilyrailcard.Howmuchdidhepay?A.＄44B.＄29C.＄24D.＄15

allowsyoutotakeasecondadultandupto4childrenforonly＄3each15+3x32)InferenceaboutdetailsTokyo：Threesnakes,whosepoisoncouldkillapersonintenminutes,areguardingabluestarsapphire（蓝宝石）worthnearlysixhundreddollarsataJapaneseexhibitionofjewelssentfromanIndianmuseum.“Normallyitwouldbeforbiddentoletthesepoisonoussnakesguardexhibitionobjects,butit’sdifferentthistimebecausethejewelsarebeingexhibitedatahotel,”apoliceofficialsaid.Q:Thejewelswasbeingshownin______A.anIndianhotelB.anIndianmuseumC.aJapanesehotelD.aJapanesemuseumEx(2)Fourpassengerswerekilledand39othersinjuredearlySundayafterabustravelingsouthonBeijing-ZhuhaiFreewaybrokethroughaguardrailandfelloffacliff.TrafficpoliceinShaoguanCity,southChina'sGuangdongProvince,saidthebuscarried43passengers.ItsetofffromNanyang,acityincentralChina'sHenanProvince,at10a.m.SaturdayheadedforDongguaninGuangdong.AllthepassengerswereresidentsfromZhenpingCountyinNanyangCity.Theaccidenthappenedaround3:46a.m.Sundaywhenthedriverattemptedtoavoidhittinganunidentifiedobjectinfrontofthebus.Youcanclickthelinkandwatchthevideotoknowmoreabouttheaccident.Whereisthispassagetakenfrom?NewspaperB.MagazineC.WebsiteD.TVnewsEx(3)3)InferenceaboutfactsEx(4)

SUNDAY,November14DISCOSatinSoundsDisco,freeatTheLordNapier,MortLakeHighStreet,from8a.m.to8p.m.FOLKMUSICatTheDerbyArms.TheShortStuffandresidentstheNormanChopTrio.Non-remembers70p.Tel:688—4626.HEAVYMUSICwithTonySimonatTheBull,UpperRichmondRoadWest,EastSheen.THEDERBYARMS,UpperRichmondRoadWest,giveyouJoeontheelectricaccordion.Q:Youwanttospendthesamedayattwodifferentplacesanddon’twanttocrossanystreet.Whichofthefollowingisyourbestchoice?A.Thesing-alongattheBlackHorseandJazzatTheBull’sHead.B.Thesing-alongatTheBlackHorseandFolkMusicatTheDerbyArms.C.FolkMusicatTheDerbyArmsandHeavyMusicwithTonySimonatTheBull.D.MusicalHallatTheStar＆GarterandDiscoatTheLordNapier.

Humanshaveaveryvarieddiet.Weofteneatfoodbecausewelikeitandnotbecauseitisgoodforus.IncountriessuchasFranceandBritain,peopleeatfoodswithtoomuchsugar.Thismakesthemoverweight,whichisbadfortheirhealth.Eatingtoomuchredmeatandanimalproducts,suchasbutter,canalsobebadforthehealth.Choosingtherightfood,therefore,hasbecomeanareaofstudyinmodemlife.

Q:Wecanlearnfromtheparagraphthat______.foodischosenforagoodreason B.FrenchandBritishfoodisgoodC.somepeoplehavefewchoicesoffood D.somepeoplecarelittleabouthealthydietEx(5)Discussion:ThebestmethodforsolvingproblemsintypeAis__________全文搜索细查勿漏准确理解简单计算依据事实理清关系

TypeB

Inferencebasedon

logicalrelationshipofthecontext

Inferencebasedonlogicalrelationshipofthecontext因果关系：for,since,becauseof,thatiswhy,so,therefore对比关系:

whereas,unlike,instead,otherwise

however,nevertheless,onthecontrary让步关系：although,eventhough,despite,afterall概括关系：finally,generally,inaword,inconclusion,inshort强调关系：indeed,aboveall,surely,mostimportant补充说明关系：infact,asamatteroffact,inaddition,inthiscase,furthermore注意信息词----航标灯例（1）利用句子之间承接与转换关系推断

NowandagainIhavehadhorribledreams,butnotenoughofthemmakemelosemydelightindreams.…….Mostpeopledonotseemtoacceptdreamingaspartoftheirlives.Theyappeartoseeitasanannoyinglittlehabit,likesneezing(打喷嚏).Icanneverunderstandthis.Mydreamlifedoesnotseemasimportantasmywakinglifebecausethereisfarlessofit,buttomeitisimportant.Q:Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowarddreaming?HelikesitB.Hethinksitpuzzling.C.HeusedtolikeitD.HedislikesitEx(6)例（2）利用段落的衔接与过渡词推断

Wehavesavedasafinalsetofemotionsthetwomostimportantemotions(情感)towardsotherpeople:loveanditsopposite,hate.Lovecanbeseeneverywhere.Yetsurprisingly,lovehasbeenthesubjectoflessscientificresearchthanotheremotions,suchasangerandfear.Thereasonforthismaybetwofold.First,loveisaverycomplex(复杂的)emotion,difficulttodescribeandmeasure.Secondly,unlikemanyextremeemotions,extremeloveisgenerallynotaproblem;thuslessmedicalattentionhasbeenpaidtoit.Q:Inpreviouspassage,

theauthorhasprobablybeendiscussing____.

A.thetwomostimportanthumanemotions---loveandhate

B.someemotionsthatareonlyproducedbyanimals

C.someothersetsofhumanemotionsthanofloveandhate

D.whylovehasbeenthesubjectoflessscientificresearch

Ex(7)例（3）抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理Afterabusydayofworkandplay,thebodyneedstorest.Sleepisnecessaryforgoodhealth.Duringthistime,thebodyrecoversfromtheactivitiesoftheday.Therestthatyougetwhilesleepingmakesitpossibleforyourbodytoprepareitselfforthenextday.

Q:

Thetextsuggeststhatnotgettingenoughsleepmightmakeyou_____.A.sufferfrompoorhealthB.feeltiredandnervousC.dreammoreoftenD.breathequicklyEx(8)Discussion:ThebestmethodforsolvingproblemsintypeBis__________弦外之音逻辑分析防止主观直接陈述未经推理必然为错过渡引申与文无关意在干扰TypeC

Inferencebasedontheauthor’sopinionsorattitudesInferencebasedontheauthor’sopinionsorattitudesWhat’stheauthor’smainpoint?Theauthorseemstoagreethat_________Intheauthor’sopinion,________Accordingtotheauthor,________Thisauthor’sattitudetowards….canbestbedescribedas______Questionsforms:Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthisparagraphisto____.Thetoneofthispassageisbestdescribedas_________表达作者态度常用词汇小结：approving赞成的critical批评的

neutral中立的

suspicious怀疑的

worried担忧的

depressed沮丧的subjective主观的

objective客观的

confident有信心的

optimistic乐观的

pessimistic悲观的hostile敌对的positive积极的，乐观的negative否定的，反对的impressed有深刻印象的doubtful不敢肯定的

indifferent不感兴趣的persuasive说服人的

interested感兴趣的

factual实事求是的questioning质问的satisfied满意的appreciative感激的，欣赏的1)注意作者对比的写作方法

Familyresearchersofferavarietyofreasonsfortheseevolvingrolesandattitudes.Theyseethe1960sasaturningpoint.Greatculturalchangesledtomoreopencommunicationandamoredemocraticprocessthatencourageseveryonetohaveasay.

“Myparentswereonthe‘before’sideofthatchange,buttoday'sparents,the40-year-olds,wereonthe

‘after’side,”explainsMr.Ballmer.“It'snotsomethingeasilyaccomplishedbyparentsthesedays,becauselifeismoredifficulttounderstandordealwith,butsharinginterestsdoesmakeitmorefuntobeaparentnow.”Q:Bysaying“today'sparents,the40-year-olds,wereonthe‘after’side.”theauthormeansthattoday'sparents_________.

A.followthetrendofthechange

B.cansetalimittothechange

C.failtotakethechangeseriously

D.havelittledifficultyadjustingtothechange解题注意点Ex(9)Wemustnotforget,either,thatadvertisingmakesapositivecontributiontoourpockets.Newspapers,commercialradioandtelevisioncompaniescouldnotsubsistwithoutthissourceofrevenue.Thefactthatwepaysolittleforourdailypaper,orcanenjoysomanybroadcastprogrammersisdueentirelytothemoneyspentbyadvertisers.Justthinkwhatanewspaperwouldcostifwehadtopayitsfullprice!2）注意仔细琢磨作者表达情感和态度的用词方式肯定：certainly,nodoubt,surely,不太肯定：possibly，maybe,itissaidthat情感色彩：great,terrific,wonderfully,sadly,shameQ:TheattitudeoftheauthortowardadvertisersisA.appreciative.B.trustworthy.C.critical.D.dissatisfactory.Ex(10)3）注意作者使用反语Ifoundinmybaby‘sbehaviorametaphorforthenewgeneration.MywifeandIhadgivenhimsomebookstoexamine，buthemerelyspituponthem.Whenwereadtohim，hedidnotfeelcomfortable.Andsoitisintheschools.Wefindthatourstudentsdon’treadandlookdownuponreadingandevenscoldthoseofuswhoteachit.AlltheywanttodoiswatchTV.Therefore,Ihavereachedaconclusion:“Letthemwatchit!”Iftelevisionismuchmoreattractivetochildrenthanbooks,whyshouldwefightit?Letthemwatchalltheywant!Whatdoyouthinkistheauthor’sattitudetowardsTV?A.Curious.

B.Worried.

C.Unfavorable.

D.Favorable.Ex(11)4）注意作者对事件下的结论Ex(12)Whyisn’tyournewspaperreportinganygoodnews？AllIreadaboutismurder，bribery（行贿），anddeath．Frankly，I’msickofallthisbadnews．Thisauthor’sattitudetowardsthenewspaperreportingisto______．A．complainB．apologizeC．amuseD．informEx(13)Nooneshouldbeforcedtowearauniform.Uniformsaretotallyunnecessaryinademocraticsociety.Uniformtelltheworldthatthepersonwhowearsonehasnovalueasanindividual,thatis,theindividualinauniformlosesself-worth.Therearethosewhosaythatwearingauniformgivesasenseofidentificationwithamoreimportantconcept.Butinfact,theindividualhimselfisthemostimportant,ifanorganizationissoweakthatitmustrelyontheuniformtoinspireitmembers,thatorganizationhasnotrighttocontinueitsexistence.Ontheotherhand,uniformsalsohurttheeconomy.Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthisparagraphisto______.

A.

showthatuniformarepossibleinademocraticsociety

B.

advocatestrongergovernmentalcontrolsonthewearingofuniformsC.

convincethereaderthatuniformshavemoredisadvantagesthanadvantages

D.

advocatedoingawaywithuniforms5）注意作者对动作,场景的描述Bythistimetherewerequiteafewpeoplestandinginlines.Thewordsoonspreadtoothertravelersthatthecomputerwasdown.Somepeoplewentwhite,somepeoplestartedtocryandstillotherskickedtheirluggage.Intheparagraphtheauthorsuggeststhat_______.A.amoderncomputerwon’tbedown.B.computerscantaketheplaceofhumansC.sometimesacomputermaybringsufferingtopeopleD.therewillbegreatchangesincomputersEx(14)Ex(15)Thatpoordoctorjustcouldn’tgetmyglovesoff.Eachtimehetookasteptowardsme,Ibrokeintopainfulshouting.thedoctorbegantostitch(缝合)myheadwound,notonlydidhemerrily（快乐地）cutoffalonglockofmyhair,butusednoanaesthetic(麻药)either!Whatdidthewriterthinkofthedoctor?friendly.B.cruel.C.hardworking. D.kind推论题解题总结：依据事实把握细节简单计算段首段尾图文标题细察勿漏弦外之音逻辑分析防止主观直接陈述未经推理必然为错过渡引申与文无关意在干扰作者态度遣词用句推敲揣摩把握整体证据串联攻无不胜巩固练习Challenge

yourself(1)Didyoueverhearastrangesoundcomingfromthewall?Diditsoundlikeaclock?Ifso,itmayhavebeenmadebyabeetle.Longagopeoplethoughtthetickingmeantthatsomeonewasabouttodie.Thusthebeetleiscalled"thedeathwatchbeetle."

Q:Thesoundofthisbeetle________.pleasedpeople.B.surprisedpeople.C.frightenedpeople.D.excitedpeople.

(2)Theeasywayoutisn’talwayseasiest…..AsIwasnotexperiencedincooking,Ithoughtifadozenwasgood,twodozenwouldbebetter,soIdoubledeverything.…Ihadbeendefeated,IputthedoughintherubbishbinoutsidesoIwouldn’thavetofaceDouglaughingatmywork,…Idon’tknowwhowasmoreembarrassed(尴尬)bythewholethingDougorme.Q:Thewriter’spurposeinwritingthisstoryis____A.totellaninterestingexperienceB.toshowtheeasiestwayoutofdifficultyC.todescribethetroublefacinganewlymarriedwomanD.toexplainthedifficultyoflearningtocookfrombooks（3）AU.S.Couplehavesucceededina55-meterfalloverHorseshoeFallsinabarrel(木桶)withonlyslighthurts.HorseshoeFallsistheCanadianpartofNiagaraFalls.StevenTrotterofFloridaandLoriMartinofAtlantatreatedatahospitalforsmallhurtsafterdroppingoverthefallsasaFather’sDayshow.Policetookanhourtofreethebarrelwrappedwithbulletproof(防弹的)materialandcoveredinthickplastics,fromrocksatthebaseofthefall.Q:WhichofthefollowinggivesthecorrectrelationshipbetweenCanada,NiagaraFallsand