高考专题：完形填空(暗示性词语)

完形填空解题指导——暗示性词语(cluewords)完形填空试题命题策略

完形填空是考查学生在语境中选择恰当的语词完成语篇表达的能力，具体包括语篇理解能力以及在具体语境中准确运用语词的能力考点完形填空考查的语篇层面的语词运用能力。语篇理解：70%语句理解：30%。考点应该覆盖考纲所规定的考点，实义词占80%，虚词一般只占20%。难、易度通过本句---易通过本句与上句下句理解--中通过整篇理解---难提示性语句离试题本句越远，难度越大。也应设计少量根据生活常识等图式才能判断选择答案的试题。知识目标：

●了解句子、段落、篇章中衔接与连贯语义场的暗示性词语(cluewords)及其显性暗示和隐性暗示的七种手段。

●掌握完形填空中运用显性暗示和隐性暗示的解题技巧，并利用其解题。Leading-inGuessthemissingwordsinthesongI’ma

NewSoul.BrainstormingI’maNewSoulI’ma_______soulIcametothisstrangeworldhopingIcouldlearnabitabouthowtogiveand_________.ButsinceIcameherefeltthejoyandthe_________findingmyselfmakingeverypossible___________la-la-la-la-la-la-la-la...

I’ma________soulinthisverystrangeworldhopingIcouldlearnabitaboutwhatistrueand________.Butwhyallthishatetrytocommunicatefindingtrustandloveisnotalwayseasytomake.la-la-la-la-la-la-la-la...___New_____________________newtakefearmistakeyoungfaithWhatisaclueword?

Aclueword(暗示词)

isawordthatislinkedtotheanswer,soitisveryusefulinacloze.Accordingtothecluewords,you'llfinditmucheasiertodoacloze.Acluewordcanbefoundeither________or________theblanks.beforeafterThepositionofaclueword?Mr.Brownisateacher,heworksinthe

school.2)KFCstaffnotonlyworkintheday,butalsoworkduringthenight.3)Itissourgentthathehasnotimetoexplainmore.4)Lindaslippedandfelldownthestairsbecausethefloorwaswet.5)Timeisveryvaluable.Wemusttreasureourtime.Findoutthecluewordsinthefollowingsentenceswithin20seconds.20191817161514131211109876543211)Mr.Brownisateacher,heworksinthe

_______.2)KFCstaffnotonlyworkinthe

day,butalso

workduringthe_____.3)Itissourgentthathehas___timeto

explainmore.4)Linda________andfelldownthestairs

becausethefloorwaswet.5)Timeisveryvaluable.Wemust_______

ourtime.schoolnightnoslippedtreasureHiddenClues隐性暗示ClueWords提示词Intermsofthe

relationship

betweenthecluewordsandthekeysObviousClues

显性暗示

1)

第一种显性暗示手段:同词暗示（同源词）

有时为了表达的需求，在上下文中有同一概念出现，可以借助这一信息选择正确答案。如：

Wouldn’titbegreatifwedidn’thavetorememberpasswordseveragain?Ifwecouldjustsitinfrontofourcomputersandbe21(automatically)loggedin?CravementionshowNECSoftBiodeLogonsystemusesfacerecognitiontechnologytologyouontoWindows,ratherthanusinga22.（NMET2007广东）22.A.face

B.password

C.software

D.system

__________2)第二种显性暗示手段：同义词、近义词暗示

原文表达中，可借助意思相同或相近的词，有时则是用解释性的语言来连接上下文的语义。如：

Oneofthemostpopulartrendstodayisforfamiliesandgroupstogowithathemewhenchoosingtheircostumes.Forexample,costumesmightbe__4__onthebasisofafavoritemovie,fairytale,orsomeotherconnectingtheme.4.A.purchasedB.selectedC.gainedD.rewarded__________3)第三种显性暗示手段：反义词暗示

语意的连贯有时通过对比的结构采用反义复现

的手段，或者是以反义的方式对前文加以解释。应注意分析这类概念复现，从反义的角度判断正确的选项。(NMET-2007-全国II)WearrivedinSpainforthefirsttimeafewweeksago.Idecidedto21acarbecausewehadsoldtheonewehadinEnglandbefore22home.21.A.borrow B.drive C.buy D.choose22.A.leaving B.making C.returning D.getting________________________4)第四种显性暗示手段：上下义词暗示

上下义词是指词的总结和分解关系,上义词是总称词,下义词是其包含的个体或种类。Hetaughtherhowtorelyonother_____,specificallyherhearing.(NMET2010湖北)A.feelings B.organsC.skills D.senses_________上义词sports______________renewableenergy______________下义词badminton,running,football…rice,noodles,bread…_______________________table,sofa,bed…WhenIturnedfourteen,sheboughtmeasecondhand_________andtoldmethatIcouldbecomeawriter.(NMET2010江苏)A.camera B.radioC.bicycle D.typewriter5)第一种隐性暗示：同一话题（场景）暗示

某些词汇或表达是围绕同一个话题或同一个场景展开的。_______(NMET-2007全国II)Ihadtriedoutamodellikeit(bicycle)before,butasIwasnotyet24drivinginthiscity,mywifedidnotwantmetocollectit25

sowewenttogetherto26it.24.A.sureof B.satisfiedwith C.interestedinD.usedto25.A.onmyownB.rightaway C.inahurry D.ontheway26.A.receive B.bring C.order D.fetch6)第二种隐性暗示：因果暗示

在同一个句子或段落中，有时前后的词语之间存在必然的因果关系。____________________________________________________7)第三种隐性暗示：搭配暗示

形容词和名词之间、动词和副词之间、动词和宾语存在的搭配关系。(2011新课标全国卷)And(theprofessor)wentonsaying,“Youhavejust41animportantlessonaboutscience.Thatis:Never42yourownsenses.”41.A．learnedB.preparedC.taughtD.taken42.A．loseB.trustC.sharpenD.show__________________ObviousClues显性暗示HiddenClues

隐性暗示Intermsoftherelationshipbetweenthecluewordsandtheblanks

同词（同源词）同义词、近义词3.反义词4.上下义词ClueWords提示词

同一话题（场景）2.因果3.搭配Let’sapplyourskillsoffindingcluewordstodotheclozetestsinNMET2010&2011Guangdong.NMET2010GuangdongCloze(完形填空)Twokeywords:____________________________(cultural)differencesdoorsControlled-practice

21、22、23同词（同源词）暗示；24、25反义暗示

Everycountryhasitsownculture.Eventhougheachcountryusesdoors,doorsmayhave21functionsandpurposeswhichleadto22differences.

WhenIfirstcametoAmerica,Inoticedthatapublicbuildinghadtwodifferent23andtheyhaddistinctfunctions.Youhavetopushthedoorwiththeword“PUSH”togooutofthebuildingandtopullthedoorwiththeword“PULL”to24thebuilding. Thiswasnewtome,becauseweusethe25doorinSouthKorea.ForquiteafewtimesIfailedtogooutofashoppingcentreandwasembarrassed.A.differentB.importantC.practicalD.unusual22.A.nationalB.embarrassing

C.culturalD.amazing23.A.exitsB.entrancesC.signsD.doors24.A.enterB.leaveC.openD.close25.A.mainB.sameC.frontD.backdoordoorgooutofdifferent__________________doorsdoordoors

Half-controlledpractice:

因果暗示2题；近义词暗示1题；同词（同源词）暗示1题、反义词暗示1题。

Thewayofusingschoolbusdoorswasalso

26tome.

Iusedtotaketheschoolbustoclasses.Theschooldecidedthatwhenthedriveropenedboththefrontandbackdoors,27whoweregettingoffthebusshouldgetofffirst,andstudentswhoweregettingonshouldgeton

28. InSouthKorea,wedonotneedtowaitforpeopletogetoff.Onemorning,Ihurriedtothebus,andwhenthebusdoorsopened,I29triedtogetontheschoolbusthroughthefrontdoor.Allthestudentsaroundlookedatme,Iwastotally30,andmyfacewentred.（NMET2010广东）26.A.annoyingB.hard C.satisfying D.strange27.A.parentsB.students C.teachersD.drivers28.A.soonerB.later C.fasterD.earlier29.A.politelyB.patientlyC.unconsciously D.slowly30.A.embarrassedB.annoyedC.unsatisfied D.excited与上一段首句“new”近义暗示students____________________________同词（同源词）暗示反义暗示因果暗示因果暗示NMET2011GuangdongCloze(完形填空)Twokeyphrases:__________________________specialclassesgiftedchildrenIthasbeenarguedbysomethatgiftedchildrenshouldbegroupedinspecialclasses.The1hasbeenonthebeliefthatinregularclassesthesechildrenareheldbackintheirintellectual(智力的)growthby2situationthataredesignedforthe3children.Therecanbelittledoubtthat4classescanhelpthegiftedchildrentograduateearlierandtaketheirplaceinlifesooner.However,totakethese5outoftheregularclassesmaycreateseriousproblems.A.principleB.theory C.argumentsD.classificationA.designingB.groupingC.learningD.livingA.smart B.curious C.mature D.averageA.regular B.specialC.smallD.creativeA.childrenB.programsC.graduatesD.designsFreePractice

NMET2011GuangdongClozeTestarguedchildrenclassesintellectual____children_____________theseHowevergifted同词（同源词）暗示同一话题暗示同一话题（场景）暗示反义暗示反义暗示因果暗示______________________________________________________________________However,totakethese5outoftheregularclassesmaycreateseriousproblems.Iobservedanumberof6childrenwhoweretakenoutofaspecialclassandplacedina7class.Inthespecialclass,theyshowedlittleabilitytousetheirownjudgment,relying8ontheirteachers’directions.Intheregularclass,havingnoworryaboutkeepingup,theybegantoreflect9onmanyproblems,someofwhichwerenotontheschoolprogram.

5.A.childrenB.programsC.graduatesD.designs6.A.intelligent B.competentC.ordinary D.independent7.A.separateB.regularC.newD.boring8.A.speciallyB.slightlyC.wronglyD.heavily9.A.directlyB.cleverlyC.voluntarilyD.quickly

_________________________________反义暗示与gifted近义暗示giftedchildren_________________________________因果暗示反义暗示因果暗示

Manyareconcernedthatgiftedchildrenbecome10andloseinterestinlearning.Howeverthis11ismoreoftenfromparentsandteachersthanfromstudents,andsomeofthese12simplyconcludethatspecialclassesshouldbesetupforthosewhoare13.Sometopstudentsdofeelboredinclass,butwhythey14sogoesfarbeyondtheworktheyhaveinschool.Studieshaveshownthattobeboredistobeanxious.Thegifted