07年英语统考试卷

TEST1Passage1TheFrenchRevolutionbrokeoutin1789.AtthetimeFrancewasinacrisis.Thegovernmentwasbadlyrunandpeople’slivesweremiserable.KingLouisXIVtriedtocontrolthenationalparliamentandraisemoretaxes.Buthiseffortfailed.HeorderedhistroopstoVersailles.ThepeoplethoughtthatLouisintendedtoputdowntheRevolutionbyforce.OnJuly14,1789,theystormedandtooktheBastille,wherepoliticalprisonerswerekept.Eversincethatday,July14hasbeentheFrenchNationalDay.Louistriedtofleethecountryin1792togetsupportfromAustriaandPrussia.However,hewascaughtandputinprison.InSeptember1792,themonarchywasabolished.Inthesameyear,Louiswasexecuted.Afewmonthslaterhiswife,Mariealsohadherheadcutoff.TheRevolutionofFrancehadfrightenedtheotherkingsofEurope.ArmiesfromAustriaandPrussiabegantomarchagainstFrance.TheFrenchraisedrepublicanarmiestodefendthenation.TheRevolutionwentthroughaperiodofterror.Thousandsofpeoplelosttheirlives.Intheend,powerpassedtoNapoleonBonaparte.(190words)法国大革命爆发于1789年，当时法国处于一片危机之中，政府腐败，民不聊生。国王路易十四试图控制国会从而提高苛税，但是没有成功，他就命令军队开进凡尔赛宫。人们认为路易十四准备用武力镇压革命，于是在1789年7月14日，愤怒的人们群起而攻占了当时关押政治犯的巴士底狱（Bastille）。从那以后，每年的7月14日就成为法国的国庆日。1792年，路易十四想逃到奥地利和普鲁士寻求庇护，不过他还是被抓住送进监狱。1792年9月，法国的君主制废除。同年，路易十四被处死。几个月之后，他的妻子也被处死。法国的大革命使欧洲其它国家感到不安，奥地利和普鲁士的军队开向法国。法国人民组织共和军保卫国家，大革命经历了最困难的时期，成千上万人浴血奋战失去生命。最后，政权几经更迭到了拿破仑手里。Passage2IntheUnitedStates,itisnotcustomarytotelephonesomeoneveryearlyinthemorning.Ifyoutelephonehimearlyintheday,whileheisshavingorhavingbreakfast,thetimeofthecallshowsthatthematterisveryimportantandrequiresimmediateattention.Thesamemeaningisattachedtotelephonecallsmadeafter11:00p.m.Ifsomeonereceivesacallduringsleepinghours,heassumesit’samatteroflifeordeath.Thetimechosenforthecallcommunicatesitsimportance.Insociallife,timeplaysaveryimportantpart.IntheU.S.A.gueststendtofeeltheyarenothighlyregardediftheinvitationtoadinnerpartyisextendedonlythreeorfourdaysbeforethepartydate.Butitisnottrueinallcountries.Inotherareasoftheworld,itmaybeconsideredfoolishtomakeanappointmenttoofarinadvancebecauseplanswhicharemadeforadatemorethanaweekawaytendtobeforgotten.Themeaningoftimediffersindifferentpartsoftheworld.Thus,misunderstandingsarisebetweenpeoplefromdifferentculturesthattreattimedifferently.PromptnessisvaluedhighlyinAmericanlife,forexample.Ifpeoplearenotprompt,theymayberegardedasimpoliteornotfullyresponsible.IntheU.S.noonewouldthinkofkeepingabusinessassociatewaitingforanhour,itwouldbetooimpolite.Apersonwhois5minuteslate,willsayafewwordsofexplanation,thoughperhapshewillnotcompletethesentence.(260words)Passage2在美国，人们通常不会在上午太早的时候给人打电话。如果太早打电话，碰上这个时候对方正好在刮胡子或早餐，此时的电话往往意味着事情非常紧急需要马上处理。同样道理，晚上11点以后也不宜给人打电话。如果有人在睡觉时间接到电话，他会认为有性命悠关的大事！打电话的时间和电话本身的重要性是紧密关联的。在社交中，时间扮演着很重要的角色。在美国，离宴会只有3、4天才接到请柬的客人们会觉得他们不够受重视。但这样的习俗并非全世界都一样。在世界上有些地方，预约时间太早被认为很愚蠢，因为如果太早，比如1周以上，这样的约定很容易被忘掉。所以不同地方的人时间观念不同。时间观念的不同导致了不同文化人们之间会产生误解。在美国，守时是一种美德。一个不遵守时间的人被认为是不礼貌、不负责的。没有人会让商业伙伴等上一个小时，那样就太不礼貌了。就算迟到5分种，也要花口舌解释一番，尽管有时对方比较大度让他不必解释。Passage3Aforeigner’sfirstimpressionoftheU.S.islikelytobethateveryoneisinarush-oftenunderpressure.Citypeopleappearalwaystobehurryingtogetwheretheyaregoingrestlessly,seekingattentioninastore,andelbowingothersastheytrytocompletetheirerrands（任务）.Racingthroughdaytimemealsispartofthepaceoflifeinthiscountry.Workingtimeisconsideredprecious.Othersinpubliceatingplacesarewaitingforyoutofinishsothattheytoocanbeservedandgetbacktoworkwithinthetimeallowed.Eachpersonhurriestomakeroomforthenextperson.Ifyoudon’t,waiterswillhurryyou.Youalsofinddriverswillbeabruptandthatpeoplewillpushpastyou.Youwillmisssmiles,briefconversations,andsmallcourtesieswithstrangers.Don’ttakeitpersonally.Thisisbecausepeoplevaluetimehighly,andtheyresentsomeoneelse“wasting”itbeyondacertaincourtesypoint.Theviewoftimeaffectstheimportanceweattachtopatience.IntheAmericansystemofvalues,patienceisnotahighpriority.Manyofushavewhatmightbecalled“ashortfuse.”Webegintomoverestlesslyaboutifwefeeltimeisslippingawaywithoutsomereturnbethisintermsofpleasure,workvalue,orrest.Thosecomingfromlandswheretimeislookedupondifferentlymayfindthismatterofpacetobeoneoftheirmostdifficultadjustmentsinbothbusinessanddailylife.ManynewcomerstotheStateswillmisstheopeningcourtesyofabusinesscall,forexample,theywillmisstheritualsocializingthatgoeswithawelcomingcupofteaorcoffeetheymaybetraditionalintheirowncountry.Theymaymissleisurelybusinesschatsinacaféorcoffeehouse.Normally,Americansdonotassesstheirvisitorsinsuchrelaxedsurroundingsoverprolongedsmalltalks.Weseekoutevidenceofpastperformanceratherthanevaluateabusinesscolleaguethroughsocialcourtesies.Sincewegenerallyassessandprobeprofessionallyratherthansocially,westarttalkingbusinessveryquickly.(348words)Passage3

一个外国人对美国的第一印象很可能是：美国人压力太大、太忙了。城市里的每个人似乎总在急匆匆地赶往他们要去的地方；在商场急切地寻找目标；工作时总在催促同伴。甚至连白天吃饭也是急匆匆的。工作时间是宝贵的。你在公共场所吃饭时旁边有很多人等着你的位子，他们要在有限的时间里吃完急着赶回去继续工作。每个人吃饭都是急匆匆的，以便给别人让座位。要是你慢吞吞的，服务员就会催你。你会发现美国的驾车人态度也不好，因为后面总有人催着。你甚至看不到人们脸上的有微笑（因为大家赶时间没空微笑），也看不到人们简短交谈，看不到人们与陌生人打招呼。看到这一切时请不要太在意，这不是美国人冷漠，而是他们太珍惜时间了，他们最恨有人打着礼仪的旗号浪费时间。时间观念影响着美国人的耐心程度。在美国人的价值观中，耐心不是最重要的。我们很多人都容易发脾气。看到时间白白浪费时我们会感到焦虑不安。无论在商业上还是日常生活中，从其它国家来的人往往感到要跟上美国人的这种节奏很困难。TEST2Passage1Sixteen-year-oldMariawaswaitinginlineattheairportinSantoDomingo.ShewasleavinghernativecountrytojoinhersisterintheUnitedStates.ShespokeEnglishverywell.Thoughshewasveryhappyshecouldgoabroad,shewasfeelingsadatleavingherfamilyandfiends.Asshewasthinkingallaboutthis,shesuddenlyheardtheairlineemployeeaskinghertopickupherluggageandputitonthescales（称）.Mariapulledandpulled.Thebagwastooheavyandshejustcouldn’tliftitup.Themanbehindhergotveryimpatient.He,too,waswaitingtocheckinhisluggage.“What’swrongwiththisgirl?”Hesaid,“Whydoesn’tshehurryup?”Hemovedforwardandplacedhisbagonthecounter,hopingtocheckinfist.Hewasinahurrytogetagoodseat.Mariawasveryangry,butshewasverypolite.AndinherbestEnglishshesaid,“Whyareyousoupset?Thereareenoughseatsforeveryoneontheplane.Ifyouareinsuchahurry,whycan’tyougivemeahandwithmyluggage?”ThemanwassurprisedtohearMariaspeakEnglish.Hequicklypickedupherluggageandsteppedback.Everyonewaslookingathimwithdisapproval.(224words)Passage1

Maria在圣多明各（SantoDomingo）机场排队准备登机，她今年16岁。这次她是要离开祖国到美国去与姐姐团聚。她能讲一口流利的英语。尽管即将去国外与姐姐相见，但一想到要离开家庭和朋友，Maria还是不免忧伤。正当她思绪万千的时候，机场工作人员叫她把行李放在磅秤上去。东西太沉了，不管她如何拖，总是无法拎到磅秤上。在她后面的一名男旅客开始不耐烦了。他也想给自己的行李称重。“那女的怎么搞的，她就不能快点吗？”这个男的一边向前挤一边嘟嘟囔囔。他一下跨到前面把自己的行李放在柜台上，准备第一个检票登机，以便抢个好座位。Maria很生气，但她还是保持着礼貌。她用纯正的英语说道：“你为什么这么急躁呢？飞机上有足够的座位，你急什么呢？如果你真急，为什么不肯帮我提一下行李呢？”该男子没想到Maria能说如此流利的英语。他迅速把Maria行李提到磅秤上，自己往后退了一步。周围的人都用不屑的目光看着该男子。Passage2Therearethreekindsofgoals:short-term,medium-rangeandlong-termgoals.Short-termgoalsarethosethatusuallydealwithcurrentactivities,whichwecanapplyonadailybasis.Suchgoalscanbeachievedinaweekorless,ortwoweeks,orpossibly,months.Itshouldberememberedthatjustasabuildingisnostrongerthanitsfoundation,long-termgoalscannotamounttoverymuchwithouttheachievementofsolidshort-termgoals.Uponcompletingourshort-termgoals,weshoulddatetheoccasionandthenaddnewshort-termgoalsthatwillbuildonthosethathavebeencompleted.Theintermediategoalsbuildonthefoundationoftheshort-termgoals.Theymightdealwithjustonetermofschoolortheentireschoolyear,ortheycouldevenextendforseveralyears.Anytimeyoumoveastepatatime,youshouldneverallowyourselftobecomediscouragedoroverwhelmed.Asyoucompleteeachstep,youwillenforcethebeliefinyourabilitytogrowandsucceed.Andasyourlistofcompletiondatesgrow,yourmotivationanddesirewillincrease.Long-termgoalsmayberelatedtoourdreamsofthefuture.Theymightcoverfiveyearsormore.Lifeisnotastaticthing.Weshouldneverallowalong-termgoaltolimitusorourcourseofaction.(221words)Passage2

目标有3种：短期目标、中期目标和长期目标。短期目标通常关系到当前的活动，可以每天为基础。这类目标可用数月，或1、2周甚至更少的时间来完成。就象建筑物一样，一定要基础牢固才能使房子牢固，如果短期目标不完成，长期目标也不可能实现。每完成一个短期目标，我们都要适时地在此基础上再增加一个短期目标。中期目标的实现有赖于短期目标的完成。这类目标通常关注的是一学期或一学年的规划，有时也可长达数年。你每前进一步，就会增加一份自信和成功的勇气，而不应被困难吓倒。你离成功越近，你的动力和渴望越强。长期目标关系到我们到我们对未来的梦想。该类目标可能需要5年甚至更长的时间去实现。生活不是一成不变的。我们要灵活变化，不要被长期目标束缚了我们的手脚（或思想）。Passage3BritainandFranceareseparatedbytheEnglishChannel,abodyofwaterthatcanbecrossedinasfewas20minutes.Buttheculturesofthetwocountriessometimesseemtobemilesapart.LastThursdayBritainandFrancecelebratedthe100thanniversary（周年纪念）ofthesigningofafriendshipagreementcalledtheEntenteCordiality.Theagreementmarkedanewbeginningforthecountriesfollowingcenturiesofwarsandlove-hatepartnership.Buttheirrelationshiphasbeenupsanddownsoverthepastcentury.Justlastyear,therewerefiercedisagreementsovertheIraqwar-whichBritishPrimeMinisterTonyBlairsupporteddespiteFrenchPresidentJacquesChiracspeakingoutagainstit.ThisdiscomfortisexpressedinBlairandChirac’sbodylanguageatinternationalmeetings.WhiletheFrenchleaderoftengreetsGermanChancellorGerhardSchroederwithahug（拥抱）,Blairjustreceivesahandshake.However,somepoliticalexpertssaythewarinIraqcouldinfacthavehelpedties.Thehistoryofdivisionsmaywellbebecauseoftheverydifferentwaysinwhichthetwosidesseetheworld.Butthisdoesn’tstop12millionBritonstakingholidaysinFranceeachyear.However,only3millionFrenchcomeintheoppositedirection.Surveys（调查）showthatmostFrenchpeoplefeelclosertotheGermansthantheydototheBritish.AndtheresearchcarriedoutinBritainhasfoundthatonlyathirdofthepopulationbelievestheFrenchcanbetrusted.PerhapsthisbadfeelingcomesbecausetheBritishdislikeFrance’scloserelationshipwithGermany,orbecausetheFrencharenothappywithBritain’scloselinkswiththeUS.Whatevertheansweris,asbothsidescelebrate100yearsof“doubtfulfriendship”,theyareatleastabletomakejokesabouteachother.Here’sone:What’sthebestthingaboutBritain’srelationshipwithFrance?TheEnglishChannel.(320words)TEST4Passage1Communityserviceisanimportantcomponentofeducationhereatouruniversity.Weencourageallstudentstovolunteerforatleastonecommunityactivitybeforetheygraduate.Anewcommunityprogramcalled“OneOnOne”helpselementarystudentswho’vefallenbehind.Youreducationmajorsmightbeespeciallyinterestedinitbecauseitofferstheopportunitytodosometeaching,thatis,tutoringinmathandEnglish.You’dhavetovolunteertwohoursaweekforonesemester.Youcanchoosetohelpachildwithmath,English,orboth.Half-hourlessonsarefine,soyoucoulddoahalfhourofeachsubjecttwodaysaweek.ProfessorDodgewillactasamentortothetutors—he’llbeavailabletohelpyouwithlessonplansortooffersuggestionsforactivities.HehasofficehourseveryTuesdayandThursdayafternoon.Youcansignupfortheprogramwithhimandbeginthetutoringnextweek.I’msureyou’llenjoythiscommunityservice…andyou’llgainvaluableexperienceatthesametime.Itlooksgoodonyourresume,too,showingthatyou’vehadexperiencewithchildrenandthatyoucareaboutyourcommunity.Ifyou’dliketosignup,orifyouhaveanyquestions,stopbyProfessorDodge’sofficethisweek.(220words)Passage1社区服务是我们这里大学教育的一个重要组成部分。我们鼓励所有学生在毕业前至少参与一项社区的志愿者活动。最近有一个名为“1+1”的社区服务项目，该项目可以帮助到学业落后的低年级学生。你们的专业很可能与此有关，因为社区服务项目提供你参与教学的机会，比如辅导数学和英语。社区服务要求至少有一个学期你每周要奉献出2小时。你可以选择辅导一个小学生的数学和英语，或其中的一门。如果你每次辅导数学和英语各花半小时的话，一周两次辅导正合适，刚好2个小时。道奇教授将给这些从事社区服务的大学生当指导者，他会给你们提供许多建议，你们有授课计划方面的问题都可以找他帮助。道奇教授的办公时间是每周二和周四的下午。你们可以报名参加他的讲座，下周起就可开始社区的授课辅导。我相信你们会喜欢上社区服务…同时能获得宝贵的经验。将来你们的简历上也会增添不少亮色，说明你有教育小学生的经历，关心社区。如果你们愿意报名或还有什么问题，欢迎各位本周前往道奇教授的办公室咨询。Passage2WhenJohnandVictoriaFallsarrivedinNewYorkCityforone-yearstay,theydidnotbringverymanythingswiththem.Theyhadplannedeithertoliveinafurnishedapartmentortobuyusedfurniture.Buttheysoonlearnedaboutanewsystemthatmoreandmorepeopleareusing.Therentingofhomefurnishings(bed,tables,dishes,andsoon)hasbecomeoneofAmerica’sfastestgrowingbusinesses.Whatkindsofpeoplerenttheirhomefurnishingsinsteadofbuyingthem?Peoplewhoareinternationalbusinessorgovernmentofficials,foreignstudents,airlineworkers,youngmarriedcouple–peoplewhosejoborbusinessmayforcethemtomovefrequentlyfromonecitytoanother.Theysavealotoftroubleandthecostofmovingtheirfurnitureeachtime.Theysimplyrentnewfurniturewhentheyreachtheirnewhomes.Youngpeoplewithlittlemoneydonotwanttobuycheapfurniturethattheymaysoondislike.Theyprefertowaituntiltheyhaveenoughmoneytobuyfurniturethattheyreallylike.Meanwhile,theyfindtheycanrentbetterqualityfurniturethantheycouldaffordtobuy.Onefamily,whonowhavealarge,beautifulhomeoftheirown,likedtheirrentedfurnituresomuchthattheydecidedtokeeprentingitinsteadofbuyingnewthings.Butusuallypeopledon’tliketotellothersaboutit.Theideaofrentinghomefurnishingsisstillquitenew,andtheyarenotsurewhattheirneighborsmightthink.(248words)Passage2John和Victoria到了纽约并准备在那呆上1年，不过他们并没有随身带多少东西。他们打算要么住设施齐全的公寓，要么买一套新的家具。但是，他们很快了解到纽约越来越多的人体验着一种全新的方式----租家具。家具租赁业是现在美国发展最快的行业。什么样的人会租家具而不是买家具呢？跨国公司和政府的驻外人员、留学生、飞行工作人员、年轻夫妇----这些人的公司或工作常使他们在城市间迁移。租家具可以省却很多麻烦，也能省下不少钱。他们到达一处新家时通常只租新的家具。经济不宽裕的年轻夫妇一般不会买不喜欢的旧家具，他们宁可租新家具。他们喜欢在资金足够时去买真正心仪的新家具。同时他们发现，钱不够宽裕时，可以租到的家具要比买得起的家具质量上好许多。有的家庭即使拥有属于自己的宽敞房子也愿意租用喜爱的家具，他们不急于去买。不过这一切他们是不会告诉别人的，因为租家具的思想还是比较新潮的，他们不知道邻居们对此会是如何看法。Passage3Paperisoneofthemostimportantproductseverinventedbyman.Widespreaduseofwrittenlanguagewouldnothavebeenpossiblewithoutsomecheapandpracticalmaterialtowriteon.Theinventionofpapermeantthatmorepeoplecouldbeeducatedbecausemorebookscouldbeprintedanddistributed.Togetherwiththeprintingpress,paperprovidedanextremelyimportantwaytocommunicateknowledge.Howmuchpaperdoyouuseeveryyear?Probablyyoucannotanswerthatquestionquickly.In1990theworld’suseofpaperwasaboutonekilogramforeachpersonayear.Nowsomecountriesuseasmuchas50kilogramsofpaperforeachpersonayear.CountriesliketheUnitedStates,EnglandandSwedenusemorepaperthanothercountries.Paper,likemanyotherthingsthatweusetoday,wasfirstmadeinChina.InEgyptandtheWest,paperwasnotverycommonlyusedbeforetheyear1400.TheEgyptianswroteonakindofmaterialmadeofawaterplant.Europeansusedparchmentformanyhundredsofyear.Parchmentwasverystrong;itwasmadefromtheskinofcertainyounganimals.WehavelearntofthemostimportantfactsofEuropeanhistoryfromrecordsthatwerekeptonparchment.(208words)Passage3

纸是人类至今最重要的发明之一。要是没有廉价实用的材料可以书写，书面语言的广泛传播便不可能实现。纸的发明使大量书籍可以印刷发行，更多的人有机会接受教育。纸和印刷术成为了传播知识的特别重要的途径。一个人每年要用掉多少纸张？你可能无法很快回答这个问题。1900年，世界的年人均用纸量是1公斤。现在有些国家这个数字已达50公斤。美国、英国和瑞典的用量还要多。纸和其它许多东西一样，都是首先在中国发明的。在埃及和欧洲，直到1400年以后纸张才开始大量使用。之前埃及人是书写在一种由水生植物制造的材料上的。欧洲人则使用了几百年的养皮纸。羊皮纸非常坚韧，它是由年幼动物的皮做成的。我们所了解的欧洲历史很多是从羊皮纸上得来的。TEST4Passage1LawshavebeenwrittentogoverntheuseofAmericanNationalFlag,andtoensureproperrespectfortheflag.Customhasalsogovernedthecommonpracticeinregardtoitsuse.Allthearmedserviceshavepreciseregulationsonhowtodisplaythenationalflag.Thismayvarysomewhatfromthegeneralrules.Thenationalflagshouldberaisedandloweredbyhand.Donotraisetheflagwhileitisfolded.Unfoldedtheflagfirst,andthenhoistitquicklytothetopoftheflagpole.Loweritslowlyandwithdignity.Placenoobjectsonorovertheflag.Donotusetheflagaspartofacostumeorathleticuniform.Donotprintituponcushions,handkerchief,papernapkinsorboxes.Afederallawprovidesthatthetrademarkcannotberegisteredifitcomprisestheflag,orbadgersoftheUS.Whentheflagisusedtounveilastatueormonument,itshouldn’tserveasacoveringoftheobjecttobeunveiled.Ifitisdisplayedonsuchoccasions,donotallowtheflagtotheground,butletitbecarriedhighupintheairtoformafeatureoftheceremony.Takeeveryprecautiontopreventtheflagfromsoiled.Itshouldnotbeallowedtotouchthegroundorfloor,nortobrushagainstobjects.Passage1美国有专门的法律规定如何使用国旗来确保国人对国旗的尊重。社会习俗中也有不少尊重国旗做法。军人使用国旗更有严格的规定，和一般的做法有些不同。国旗的升降只能用人工进行。不能升挂折叠未打开的国旗。第一步先要打开国旗，然后迅速升至杆顶。降旗要慢，庄严。不要有东西压在国旗上。不能用国旗做戏服和运动服。不能把国旗印在座垫上，手绢上，餐巾纸上或盒子上。联邦法律规定商标中不能含有国旗和国徽图案。在纪念碑或雕塑的揭幕仪式上使用国旗时，不能把国旗当作覆盖物，也不能让国旗掉到地上，应当使国旗处在仪式现场的显目高处。注意不要弄脏国旗，不要掉到地上或地板上，不要和别的东西刮蹭。Passage2IthasbeenreportedthatincollegesacrosstheUnitedStates,thedaytimeserialdramaknownasthesoapoperahassuddenlybecome“in”.Betweenthehoursof11a.m.and4:30p.m.,collegetelevisionloungesarefilledwithsoapoperafanswhocan’twaittoseethenextepisodeinthelivesoftheirfavoritecharacters.Actually,soapsaremorethanacollegefavorite;they’reayouthfavorite.Whenschoolisout,high-schoolstudentsareinfrontoftheirTVsets.Oneyoungworkingwomanadmittedthatsheturneddownahigherpayingjobratherthangiveupwatchingherfavoriteserials.Duringthe1960’s,itwasuncommonforyoungpeopletowatchsoapoperas.Themoodofthesixtieswasverydifferentfromnow.Itwasatimeofseriousness,andtalkwasaboutsocialissuesofgreatimportance.Now,seriousnesshasbeenreplacedbyfun.Youngpeoplewanttobehappy.Itmayseemstrangethattheyshouldturntosoapopera,whichisknownforshowingtroubleinpeople’slives.Butsoapoperaisenjoyment.Youngpeoplecanidentifywiththesoapoperacharacter,who,likethecollege-ageviewer,islookingforhappylove,andprobablynotfindingit.Andsoapoperagivesyoungpeopleachancetofeelclosetopeoplewithouthavingtobearanyresponsibilityfortheirproblems.Passage2

据报道，被人们称作“肥皂剧”的连续剧在全美国的很多大学中突然变得流行起来。从每天上午11点到下午4点半，各大学的电视室里挤满了前来看电视的学生，这些肥皂剧迷们迫不急待地要看下一集当中他们喜爱的主人公的命运发展。事实上，肥皂剧不仅是大学生的最爱，确切地说，它们是年轻人的最爱。一放学，中学生们就马上坐到了电视机前。一个青年女工说她宁愿放弃高薪也不愿放弃看喜爱的电视节目。60年代看肥皂剧的年轻人很少。当时年轻人的心态和现在完全不同，那时候主题严肃，谈论的话题都涉及重要的社会问题。现在，严肃已被娱乐取代。年轻人只想要快乐。而肥皂剧都是反映人们生活中烦恼的，年轻人喜欢肥皂剧倒让人有一点奇怪。不过肥皂剧终究是娱乐的：年轻人和肥皂剧中的主人公一样，也和那些大学生一样，他们一直在寻找快乐之爱，往往还没找到。肥皂剧让年轻人和那些剧中人物很相近：都不必为他们的问题承担责任。Passage3Howmenfirstlearnttoinventwordsisunknown;inotherwords,theoriginoflanguageisamystery.Allwereallyknowisthatmen,unlikeanimals,somehowinventedcertainsoundstoexpressthoughtandfeelings,actionsandthings,sothattheycouldcommunicatewitheachother;andthatlatertheyagreeduponcertainsigns,calledletters,whichcouldbecombinedtopresentthosesounds,andwhichcouldbewrittendown.Thosesounds,whetherspokenorwritteninletters,wecallwords.Thepowerofwords,then,liesintheirassociations-thethingtheybringupbeforeourminds.Wordsbecomefilledwithmeaningforusbyexperience;andthelongerwelive,themorecertainwordsrecalltousthegladandsadeventsofourpast;andthemorewereadandlearn,themorethenumberofwordsthatmeansomethingincreases.Greatwritersarethosewhonotonlyhavegreatthoughtsbutalsoexpressthesethoughtsinwordswhichappealpowerfullytoourmindsandemotions.Thischarmingandtellinguseofwordsiswhatwecallliterarystyle.Aboveall,therealpoetisamasterofwords.Hecanconveyhismeaninginwordswhichsinglikemusicandwhichbytheirpositionandassociationcanmovementotears.Weshouldthereforelearntochooseourwordscarefullyandusethemaccurately,ortheywillmakeourspeechsillyandvulgar.Passage3

我们不知道文字是如何产生的；换句话说，语言的起源还是个谜。人和动物不一样，他会发出某种特定的声音来表示相应的思想感情、行为动作和其它事情。因此人们之间可以交流。慢慢地，人们之间有了共同认可的固定符号，我们称之为字母。字母组合起来可以代表原先的那些声音。字母的好处是可以写下来。这些声音无论是口头表达还是写下来，我们都称之为文字（单词）。文字的力量在于它的联系功能，它能使我们头脑中显现某样东西。文字包含意思，年纪越大，我们积累的反映过去欢乐或悲伤的文字也越多。伟大作家之所以伟大，是因为他们不仅有伟大的思想，而且他们能用文字把思想表达出来，强烈震撼读者。能够用某种方法驾驭文字且充满魅力就是我们所说的文学风格。首先，真正的诗人就是驾驭文字的大师。他们的作品不仅表达思想，而且能象歌曲一样有韵律可以咏唱，他们所表达的意境和联想让人们感动落泪。我们平时在选择用词时也应谨慎精确，不然就会显得愚蠢粗俗。TEST5Passage1ManypeoplewhoworkinLondonprefertoliveoutsideit,andtogointotheirofficesorschoolseverydaybytrain,carorbus,eventhoughthismeanstheyhavetogetupearlyinthemorningandreachhomelateintheevening.OneadvantageoflivingoutsideLondonisthathousesarecheaper.EvenasmallflatinLondonwithoutagardencostsquitealottorent.Withthesamemoney,onecangetalittlehouseinthecountrywithagardenofone’sown.Then,inthecountryonecanreallygetawayfromthenoiseandhurryofbusyworkinglives.Eventhoughonehastogetupearlierandspendmoretimeintrainsorbuses,onecansleepbetteratnightandduringweekendsandonsummerevenings,onecanenjoythefresh,cleanairofthecountry.Ifonelikesgardens,onecanspendone’sfreetimedigging,planting,wateringanddoingthehundredandoneotherjobswhichareneededinagarden.Then,whentheflowersandvegetablescomeup,onehasgottherewardtogetherwiththosewhohavesharedthesecretofNature.Somepeople,however,takenointerestincountrythings:forthem,happinessliesinthetown,withitscinemasandtheatres,beautifulshopsandbusystreets,dance-hallsandrestaurants.SuchpeoplewouldfeelthattheirlifewasnotworthlivingiftheyhadtoliveitoutsideLondon.Anoccasionalwalkinoneoftheparksandafortnight’s(twoweeks)visittotheseaeverysummerisallthecountrytheywant:theresttheyarequitepreparedtoleavetothosewhoaregladtogetawayfromLondoneverynight.Passage1

许多在伦敦工作的人选择居住在城外，每天或坐火车或坐汽车从城市四周赶到位于城里的公司或学校，这意味着他们每天必须很早起床，晚上很晚才能到家。住在伦敦城外的好处之一是房子便宜。在伦敦，就算租一套不带花园的小套间也要花不少钱，而用同样的钱可以在乡下住一幢房子，还带花园。住在乡下可以真正远离喧嚣。虽然需要早起，花在交通上的时间也多，不过晚上可以睡得更香，遇上周末或是夏日的晚上，人可以呼吸清鲜的空气。如果你喜欢花园，可以在闲暇时间挖土，种植，浇水，以及园内的所有其它事务。当花果蔬菜成熟的时候，你和那些乐享大自然秘密的人们一样得到了回报。然而也有人对乡下的一切不感兴趣。在他们看来，幸福在城里：电影院、戏院、亮丽的商店、繁忙的街道、舞厅、饭店，所有这些都在城里。有人甚至觉得要是离开伦敦的话他活着也没意义了。他们和乡村的联系也就是偶尔去乡间公园散散步，盛夏季节去海边小住1、2礼拜就可以。其余时间他们更愿呆在城里，就让那些晚上乐意远离伦敦的人呆在乡下吧！Passage2Bydefinition,heroesandheroinesaremenandwomendistinguishedbyuncommoncourage,achievements,andself-sacrificemademostforthebenefitsofothers-theyarepeopleagainstwhomwemeasureothers.Theyaremenandwomenrecognizedforshapingournation’sconsciousnessanddevelopmentaswellasthelivesofthosewhoadmirethem.Yet,somepeoplesaythatoursisanagewheretrueheroesandheroinesarehardtocomeby,wheretheveryideaofheroismissomethingbeyondus–anartifactofthepast.Somemaintain,thatbecausetheColdWarisoverandbecauseAmericaisatpeace,ourageisessentiallyanunheroicone.Furthermore,theoverallcrimerateisdown,povertyhasbeeneasedbyastrongandgrowingeconomy,andadvancescontinuetobemadeinmedicalscience.Culturaliconsarehardtodefine,butweknowthemwhenweseethem.Theyarepeoplewhomanagetogobeyondcelebrity（明星）,whoarelegendary,whosomehowmanagetobecomemythic.Butwhatmakessomefiguresiconsandothersmerecelebrities?That’shardtoanswer.Inpart,theirliveshavethequalityofastorytotell.Forinstance,thebeautifulyoungDianaSpencerwhoat19marriedaprince,renouncedmarriageandthethrone,anddiedatthemomentshefoundtruelove.Goodlookscertainlyhelp.Sodoesaspecialindefinablecharm,withthehelpofthemedia.Butnothingconfirmsaniconmorethanatragicdeath–suchasMartinLutherKing,Jr.,JohnF.Kennedy,andPrincessDiana.Passage2从定义上来说，英雄人物就是具有非凡勇气和成就的人（无论男女），他们全都具有牺牲精神，愿意为大众利益而奉献自己，他们是我们普通人的参照对象。英雄人物不仅对景仰他们的普通人产生影响，更对一个民族的意识和发展有积极意义。然而，有人说现在不是适合产生英雄的时代，我们头脑中基本没有英雄主义这样的概念—它属于过去年代的产物啦。有人认为由于冷战结束，美国处于和平发展当中，我们处于一个平庸的年代。而且，总体犯罪率大大降低，贫困也随着经济的发展而逐步消失，医学上不断有新的突破。文化偶像的定义很难下，不过我们真切地知道他们的存在。他们超越一般意义上的明星，带有一些传奇经历，有时甚至具有神话色彩。哪些人属于偶像，哪些人只是一般意义上的明星呢？这个问题很难回答。部分来说，偶像的生活要有故事的特质。例如，年轻美貌的黛安娜19岁嫁给王子，后来离婚，告别王室，最终找到真爱时却死于车祸。外貌无疑很重要。与众不同又有不可捉摸的魅力再加上媒体的渲染起了同样重要的作用。但是悲剧式的死亡往往更能衬托偶像的形象----马丁.路得.金，肯尼迪，黛安娜王妃，他们的故事说明了这一点。Passage3Shynessisthecauseofmuchunhappinessforagreatmanypeople.Shypeopleareanxiousandself-conscious;thatis,theyareexcessivelyconcernedwiththeirownappearanceandactions.Worrisomethoughtsareconstantlyoccurringintheirminds:whatkindofimpressionamImaking?Dotheylikeme?DoIsoundstupid?AmIwearingunattractiveclothes?Itisobviousthatsuchuncomfortablefeelingsmustnegativelyaffectpeople.Aperson’sconceptionofhimselforherselfisreflectedinthewayheorshebehaves,andtheywayapersonbehavesaffectsotherpeople’sreactions.Ingeneral,thewaypeoplethinkaboutthemselveshasaprofoundeffectonallareasoftheirlives.Shypeople,havinglowself-esteem,arelikelytobepassiveandeasilyinfluencedbyothers.Theyneedreassurancethattheyaredoing“therightthing.”Shypeopleareverysensitivetocriticism;theyfeelitconfirmstheirfeelingsofinferiority.Theyalsofinditdifficulttobepleasedbycomplimentwithastatementlikethisone,“You’rejustsayingthattomakemefeelgood.Iknowit’snottrue.”Itisclearthatwhileself-awarenessisahealthyquality,overdoingitisharmful.Canshynessbecompletelyeliminated,oratleastreduced?Fortunately,peoplecanovercomeshynesswithdeterminedandpatienteffortsinbuildingself-confidence.Sinceshynessgoeshandinhandwithalackofself-esteems,itisimportantforpeopletoaccepttheirweaknessaswellastheirstrengths.Eachoneofusisaunique,worthwhileindividual,interestedinourownpersonalways.Thebetterweunderstandourselves,theeasieritbecomestoliveuptoourfullpotential.Let’snotallowshynesstoblockourchancesforarichandfulfillinglife.Passage3

害羞是由于在众人面前感觉不自在而引发的。害羞的人容易焦虑，自我意识强，他们过分在意自己的外表和行为。他们头脑里常有这样不安的想法：我给别人留下了怎样的印象？别人喜欢我吗？我是否听起来很蠢？我穿的衣服难看吗？显而易见，这些不适的感觉对人有负面影响。一个人的自我认识体现在他/她的言行举止上，这些行为影响着他人对此作出反映。总体来说，人们对自身的看法深刻影响到他们生活的方方面面。害羞的人往往自信不足，常常被动，易受他人影响。他们需要有相信自己的心态，认识到自己所做的是正确的。害羞的人对批