英语六级备考阅读

英语六级备考阅读：美国众议院通过惩罚中国法案TheUSHouseofRepresentatives(美国众议院)passedlegislation(立法)thatwouldpunishChinaforundervaluing(低估„的价值)itscurrency(货币)andharmingthecompetitiveness(竞争力)ofUSmanufacturers(制造商)andexporters(出口商),inamovethatcouldheighten(加强)tradetensions(贸易紧张)betweenthetwocountries.美国众议院通过了惩罚中国的法案，理由是中国低估人民币汇率，损害了美国制造商和出口商的竞争力。此举可能加剧两国之间的贸易紧张。ChinaquicklyattackedthelegislationonThursdayascontraryto(因为它违背了)WTOrulesand“anewmoveoftheUS’risingtradeprotectionism(贸易保护主义).”Inastatementdistributed(散布)throughstatemedia,aspokesmanfortheMinistryofCommerce(商务部)saidChina“hasneverundervaluedtheyuanexchangerate(人民币汇率)togainacompetitiveedge(优势).”中国周四迅速做出回应，抨击该法案“不符合世贸组织的有关规则”，把该法案称之为美国不断升级的贸易保护主义的新举措。中国商务部一位发言人在一份通过官方媒体发布的声明中说，“中方从未以低估人民币汇率的方法来获取竞争优势。”Althoughthebill’sfateremainsunclear,sinceitstillneedstomovethroughtheSenate(参议院)andbeapprovedbyBarackObama,USpresident,itsbipartisanpassageintheHousebyawide348-79marginreflects(反映了)growingfrustrationwithChina’seconomicpolicies.虽然该法案的最终结局仍不明朗——因为它仍需?奥巴马(BarackObama)的签署——但该法案在众议院以348票对79国经济政策日益高涨的失望情绪。“Theycheattostealourjobs,”saidMikeRogers,aRepublicanrepresentative(共和党议员)fromMichigan(密歇根州),asdebateopenedintheHouseaheadofthevotelateronWednesday.“Wecannolongerstandby(袖手旁观)andlettheChinesegovernmentmanipulate(操纵)itscurrency.”DonManzullo,alsoaRepublican,fromIllinois(伊利诺伊州),said:“WewanttostopChineseimportscominginatpredatory(掠夺的)prices.”“他们用作弊手段偷走了我们的就业，”来自密西根州的共和党众议员麦克?罗杰斯(MikeRogers)周三在辩论开始时表示（当日稍后将举行投票表决）。“我们再也不能无动于衷，任由中国政府操纵人民币汇率。”来自伊利诺伊州的共和党众议员唐?曼祖罗(DonManzullo)表示：“我们要阻止中国商品以掠夺性的价格流入美国。”TheObamaadministration(奥巴马政府),whichhasnottakenapositiononthelegislation,haspreferredtopursueapolicyofengagement(接触的政策)withChinainanefforttopersuadeittoallowtherenminbi(人民币tostrengthen,andcouldseeitsnegotiatingpositionenhancedbymounting(逐渐增加的)congressionalpressure(国会的压力).尚未对该法案正式表明立场的奥巴马政府，迄今更赞成执行与中国接触的政策，以求说服中国让人民币走强。国会的压力不断加大，可能有助于增强奥巴马政府的谈判地位。Butcriticshavewarnedthatthemoreaggressive(侵略性的)measuresinthelegislationmaynotbeeffectiveinreducingtheUS’stradedeficit(贸易逆差)withChinaandamoreconfrontational(对抗性的)stance(姿态)maybecounterproductive(起反效应的),sinceitcouldleadtoretaliation(报复).措施，也许并不能有效降低美国对华贸易逆差，而更具对抗性的姿态也许产生反效果，因为这可能导报复。ThelegislationwouldallowtheUStouseestimates(估计)ofcurrencyundervaluationtocalculatecountervailingduties(反补贴关税)onimportsfromChinaandothercountries.该法案将允许美国方面在针对从中国和其它国家的进口商品计算反补贴关税时，使用估计的汇率低估幅度。Anamendment(修正案)bySanderLevin,Democraticchairman(民主党主席)ofthewaysandmeanscommittee(众议院筹款委员会),whoshepherded(指导)thebillthroughtheHouse,watereddownthebillrecentlytomakeitmoreliketosurviveachallengeattheWorldTradeOrganisation,helpingitgarner(获得)moresupport.Republicans(共和党人)hadbeenconcerned(使担心)thatthebillmightbeinconsistentwith(不符)globaltraderules.众议院筹款委员会(waysandmeanscommittee)?莱文(SanderLevin)指引该法案通过众议院的审议程序。他提出的修正案最近弱化(WTO)提起的挑战，此举帮助该法案得到更多支持。此前一些共和党人担心，该法案可能与全球贸易规则不符。Thisweek,ChuckSchumer,theNewYorksenator(参议员)whohasbeenleadingcongressional(国会的)effortstopassChinacurrencylegislation(中国汇率政策)since2005,vowed(发誓)topushforwardwithabillintheupperchamberduringthe“lame-duck”sessionbetweentheNovembermidtermelections(11月中期选举)andtheseatingofnewmembers(新议员到位)inJanuary.自2005年以来一直带头推动国会针对中国汇率政策采取立法对策的纽约州参议员查克?舒默(ChuckSchumer)11月中期选举和明年1月新议员到位之间的“跛脚鸭”会期，在参议院推动通过一份法案。“ThisissuecannotwaitforanotheryearforanewCongress,”hesaid.“China’scurrencymanipulation(操纵汇率)wouldbeunacceptableeveningoodtimes.Atatimeofalmost10percentunemployment,wesimplywillnolongerstand“这个问题不能再等上一年，让新一届国会来解决，”他表示。“中国的汇率操纵即便在经济景气的时候也是不可接受的。在美国失业率几乎达到10%的情况下，我们简直再也受不了了。”Currencyisonlyoneofthetradedisputes(贸易纠纷)betweenChinaandtheUS.Theyhaverecentlybeensparring(争论)overpoultry(家禽)exports,withChinathisweekupholding(鼓励)Steep(不合理的)tariffs(关税)onUSchickenimports,andtheWTOrulingon(裁决)Wednesdayagainst(不利的)theUSinafightoverabanonChinesechickenthatfollowedtheoutbreak(爆发)ofbirdflu(禽流感)inAsiaandhassincebeenlifted(消散).汇率问题只是中美之间的贸易纠纷之一。最近，两国还就肉鸡出口发生争执，本周中国决定维持针对美国肉鸡产品的高额关税。此外，周三世贸组织作出了不利于美国的裁决，这一纠纷涉及在亚洲爆发禽流ThevoteonChinacurrencywasoneofthelastitemsonthecongressionalagenda(国会议程)beforethemidtermelections.对有关中国汇率的法案进行投票表决，是中期选举前美国国会议程上的最后几项内容之一。Otherissues,suchastheexpiry(逾期)ofmorethan$3,000bnofBush-erataxcuts(减税),provedtoocontentious(有异议的)foranybipartisanconsensus(两党共识)toemerge.在其它问题（如逾3万亿美元的布什减税措施即将到期失效）上，由于争议太大，两党未能形成共识。2011年6月英语六级快速阅读外站原文Americanuniversitiesareacceptingmoreminorities()thanever.Graduating(授予…学位)themisanothermatter.BarryMills,thepresidentofBowdoinCollege(鲍登大学),wasjustifiably(无可非议地)proudofBowdoin'seffortstorecruitminoritystudents(招收少数民族学生).Since2003thesmall,elite(精英)liberal-arts(文科)schoolinBrunswick,Maine（布伦斯维克，缅因州）hasboosted（增加）theproportion比例)ofso-calledunderrepresentedminoritystudents(歧视少数民族学生)(blacks,Latinos(拉丁美洲人),andNativeAmericans,about30percentoftheU.S.population)inenteringfreshmanclassesfrom8percentto13percent."Itisourresponsibility,given（考虑到）ourplaceintheworld,toreachoutandattractstudentstocometoourkindsofplaces,"hetoldaNEWSWEEKreporter.But（鲍登学院）hasnotdonequiteaswellwhenitcomestoactuallygraduatingminorities.Whilenineoutof10whitestudentsroutinely（例行公事地）gettheirdiplomaswithinsixyears,onlysevenoutof10blackstudentsmadeittograduationday（毕业日）inseveralrecentclasses.Thepictureofdiversity（多样性）—black,white,andbrownstudentscavorting（欢跃）orstudyingtogetheroutonthequad—isastockshotincollegecatalogs.Thepictureongraduationdayisagooddealmore（单色的）."Ifyoulookatwhoenterscollege,itnowlookslikeAmerica,"saysHilaryPennington,directorofpostsecondaryprograms（高等教育项目）fortheBill&MelindaGatesFoundation（比尔和梅琳达盖茨基金会）,whichhascloselystudiedenrollmentpatternsinhighereducation."Butifyoulookatwhowalksacrossthestageforadiploma,it'sstilllargelythewhite,upper-incomepopulation."TheUnitedStatesoncehadthehighestgraduationrateofanynation.Nowitstands（位于）10th.ForthefirsttimeinAmericanhistory,thereistheriskthattherisinggenerationwillbelesswelleducatedthanthepreviousone.Thegraduationrateamong25-to34-year-oldsisnobetterthan（并不比）therateforthe55-to64-year-oldswhoweregoingtocollegemorethan30yearsago.Studiesshowthatmoreandmorepoorandnonwhitestudentsaspire（渴望）tograduatefrom-college—buttheirgraduationratesfallfarshort（仍远远达不到）theirdreams.Thegraduationratesforblacks,Latinos,andNativeAmericanslag（落后）farbehind（远远落后于）thegraduationratesforwhitesandAsians.AstheminoritypopulationgrowsintheUnitedStates,lowcollege--graduationratesbecomeathreattonationalprosperity（成功）.Theproblemispronouncedatpublicuniversities.In2007(thelastyearforwhichEducationTrust,anonprofitadvocacygroup（倡导者的团体）,hascomparativestatistics)theUniversityofWisconsin-Madison—oneofthetopfiveorso"publicIvies"—graduated81percentofitswhitestudentswithinsixyears,butonly56percentofitsblacks.Atless-selectivestateschools(公立学校),thenumbersgetworse.Duringthesametimeframe（在同样的时间框架）,theUniversityofNorthernIowa（爱荷华州）graduated67percentofitswhitestudents,butonly39percentofitsblacks.Communitycolleges（社区学院）havelowgraduationratesgenerally—butrock-bottom（最低的）ratesforminorities.ArecentreviewofCaliforniacommunitycollegesfoundthatwhileathirdoftheAsianstudentspickeduptheirdegrees,only15percentofAfrican-Americansdidsoaswell.Privatecollegesanduniversities（私立学校和大学）generallydobetter,partlybecausetheyoffersmallerclassesandmorepersonalattention.Butwhenitcomestoasignificantgraduationgap（毕业差距）,Bowdoin（鲍登学院）hascompany.NearbyColbyCollegeloggedan18-pointdifferencebetweenwhiteandblackgraduatesin2007and25pointsin2006.MiddleburyCollegeinVermont,anothertopnotch（第一流的）school,hada19-pointgapin2007anda22-pointgapin2006.Themostselectiveprivateschools—-Harvard,Yale,andPrinceton（普林斯顿大学）—showalmostnogapbetweenblackandwhitegraduationrates.Butthatmayhavemoretodowiththeirabilitytocherry-pick（择优选择）thebeststudents.AccordingtodatagatheredbyHarvardLawSchool（哈佛法学院）professorLaniGuinier,themostselectiveschoolsaremorelikelytochooseblackswhohaveatleastoneimmigrantparentfromAfricaortheCaribbean（加勒比海地区）thanblackstudentswhoaredescendantsofAmericanslaves.AccordingtoGuinier'sdata,thelatterperformlesswellacademically（学术上）.精细阅读PASSAGEone文章首段阐述了飞机上的黑匣子的功能，即记录飞机的飞行状况。第二段是对首段的实例说明。第三段按，1960和。最后一段说明改进后的现代黑匣子既有语音记录的功能，又能记录飞行数据。原题：57.Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttheblackbox?A)Itensuresthenormalfunctioningofanairplane.B)Theideaforitsdesigncomesfromacomicbook（连环漫画册）.C)Itsabilitytoward（挡住）disastersisincredible.D)Itisanindispensable（不可缺少的）deviceonanairplane.答案：57DItisanindispensabledeviceonanairplane原文中的Theirabilitytowithstandalmostanydisastermakesthemseemlikesomethingoutofacomic可能是误导学生选择C的原因。withstand意为C中的wardoff则为住之意。本句句意为：飞机失事后，黑箱子往往能完好无损，躲过灾难，这简直令人难以置信（就像漫画书中的东西一样）原题：58.WhatinformationcouldbefoundfromtheblackboxontheYemeni（也门的）airliner?A)Dataforanalyzingthecauseofthecrash.B)Thetotalnumberofpassengersonboard.C)Thesceneofthecrashandextentofthedamage（损伤的程度）.D)Homing（制导信号）sentbythepilotbeforethecrash.答案：58ADataforanalyzingthecauseofthecrash原文定位为第二段最后一句：thediscoverymarked（标志）ahugesteptowarddeterminingthecauseofatragedyinwhich152passengerswerekilled.causeofatragedy与选项中的causeofthecrash一致。原题：59.Whywastheblackboxredesignedin1965?A)Newmaterialsbecomeavailablebythattime.B)Toomuchspacewasneededforitsinstallation.C)Theearlymodelsdidn’tprovidetheneededdata.D)Theearlymodelsoftengotdamagedinthecrash答案：59DTheearlymodelsoftengotdamagedinthecrash原文定位于第三段―Earlymodelsoftenfailedtowithstand（没能经受住）crashes,however,soin1965thedevicewascompletelyredesigned....‖failedtowithstandcrashes与选项中的gotdamagedinthecrash同义。原题：60.WhydidtheFederal（联邦的）Aviation（航空）Authority（当局）（联邦航空主管部门）requiretheblackboxesbepaintedorangeoryellow?A)Todistinguishthemfromthecoloroftheplane.B)Tocautionpeopletohandlethemwithcare（小心处理）.C)Tomakethemeasilyidentifiable（可辨认的）.D)Toconform（符合）tointernationalstandards.答案：60CTomakethemeasilyidentifiable原文定位于第三段最后一句…bepaintedorangeoryellowtoaidvisibility.toaidvisibility意为有助于提高能见度，与easilyidentifiable同义。原题：61.WhatdoweknowabouttheblackboxesfromAirFranceFlight447（法国航空447号班机空难）?A)Thereisstillagoodchanceoftheirbeingrecovered.B)Thereisanurgentneedforthemtoberestructured（重组结构）.C)Theyhavestoppedsendinghomingsignals.D)TheyweredestroyedsomewherenearBrazil（巴西）.答案：61AThereisstillagoodchanceoftheirbeingrecovered原文定位于最后一段…butstatisticssaythey’restilllikelytoturnup.Turnup与recovered同义，被找到。berestructured意为被重建。精细阅读PASSAGEtwo文章题目中的Isuck可能会令考生困惑，意为很烂、很差、糟透了础是变消极思维为积极思维，但之后的连续两个问句让读者对此论述提出了质疑。第二段阐述了加拿大科学家的研究结果，即积极思维的效果适得其反。3-590年代的作文案例（第三段）和68名学生的自我肯定案例（第三、四段）。作者在最后一段推荐了一种新的心理疗法：静思法。原题：62.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraphabouttheself-helpindustry（自助行业）?A)Itisahighlyprofitable（有利可图的）industry.B)Itisbasedontheconceptofpositivethinking.C)ItwasestablishedbyNormanVincentPeale（人名）.D)Ithasyieldedpositiveresults（取得积极成果）.答案：62.BItisbasedontheconceptofpositivethinking原文定位于首段第一句The$11billionself-helpindustryisbuiltontheideathatyoushouldturnnegativethoughtslikeIneverdoanythingright‖intopositiveoneslikeIcansucceed.‖属于细节理解题。选项中的basedon与文中的builton同义。原题：63.WhatisthefindingoftheCanadianresearchers?A)Encouragingpositivethinkingmaydomoreharmthangood.B)Therecanbenosimple（没有简单的）therapyforpsychologicalproblems.C)Unhappypeoplecannotthinkpositively.D)Thepowerofpositivethinkingislimited.答案：63.AEncouragingpositivethinkingmaydomoreharmthangood原文定位为第二段：ResearchersinCanadajustpublishedastudyinthejournal（期刊）PsychologicalSciencethatsaystryingtogetpeopletothinkmorepositivelycanactuallyhaveoppositeeffect;‖之后，作者在下一段又再次强调了这一观点olderresearchshowingthatwhenpeoplegetfeedback（获得反馈）whichtheybelieveisoverly（过度地）positive,theyactuallyfeelworse,notbetter.‖causeofatragedy与选项中的causeofthecrashoppositeeffectfeelworse,notbetter‖，答案即可一目了然。原题：64.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“…you’rejustunderlininghisfaults”（Line4,Para.3）？A)Youarenottakinghismistakesseriouslyenough.B)Youarepointingouttheerrorshehascommitted（做错事）.C)Youareemphasizingthefac