考研基础语法课程

本资料由天天向上提供，本站唯一永久联系.如果您觉得好请们本站2012VIP英语政治数学单科均是100元，两科150元，三科250。同时2011对应的全程班以及配套讲义注意100元=2012全程班 基础语法讲主讲：欢迎使一、简单句和并列主语+谓语（及物动词）+主语+系动词+两类系动词：①be②一些实义动词用作系动词：feel,taste,smell并列句：一个句子当中包含两个或互不相依存的主谓结构，中间用一些连接词连and,aswellas,either…or…，neither…nor…,notonly…butalso…eg:LastyearImetKateandwebecamefriends.Eithermyunclecandoit,ormyauntcandoeg:Ithasnomouth,butitcaneg:Helikedsports,whileIwouldrathercollect练习：20096Cerling‘steamcollectedtapwatersamplesfrom600citiesandconstructedamopoftheregionaldifferences.（简单句）Mosthydrogenandoxygenatomsinwaterarestable,buttracesofbothelementsarealsopresentasheavierisotopes.（并列句）二、句子成（一）.I,you,he,she, me,you,him,her,it,my,your,his,her,①形容词性物主代词：myyourhis,herourtheir②名词性物主代词：mine,yours,his,hers,ours,theirs，后面不能加名词。eg:MayIborrowyourpen?Mineiseg：ImyselftookMarytotheIcookedit指示代词：this,thatthese,all,each,allevery可以指代三个或三个以上的人或物；all可以表示所有东西的总和，是一个不可分割的整体；each只能表示两个或两个以上的人，侧重；②all和every侧重整体，each侧重eg：EverystaffoftheuniversitycontributedtotheTwogirlscame,andI anappletoeveryone＆everyeveryoneeverybody，allpeopleeg：Everyonethinkstheyhavetherighttobeeveryone既可以指人，也可以指物，强调一个，通常用everyoneofeg：Everyoneofushasfaults Everyoneofthe wehaveshownthisyearhasbeenanonoone只能指人，none既可以指人，也可以指物，noneof；eg：Noonefailedtheexamination.Noneofthestudentsfailedtheititeg：It'sthreeyearssinceIsawiteg：I'velostmybook.WhereisThereisnodoubtaboutitthathewasafineiteg：Isitpossibletolearntypewritingveryit做形式宾语，通常放在谓语动词和宾语补足语（形容词）之间，真正的宾语放常见动词有：feel,considerfindbelieve,make,take,imagine,thinksuppose,regardeg：Shethinksitnouselingme.Hehasmadeitclearthathewouldn'tagreetotheitIt's…that/who…itit？eg：It'sclearthattheyhave（二）the，或者直接用复数名词，或者加上数词来进行限定。s/esyyi，再加es,eg：SeveralhundredswereondutyatthedemonstrationCattleareallowedtograzeonthevillage①apieceof②abitof、anitemof、anarticlesand＆sand（wood＆wood（，goods（，asheg：GermanyisaEuropeaneg：Isthisthebookthatyouarelooking（三）

eg：Doyouknowwhoinventedtheplaythepiano、the表示大约的词汇：about，approxima y，around，roughly，some，moreorless,orso;eg：About200peoplewerekilledinthecrash.Thetownis5orsofrom表示多于的词汇：above，morethan,表示少于，不到的词汇：almost，below，lessthan,undereg：It's2:57,andit'salmost3o'clockdozen、score、decade、hundred、thousand、eg：Therearemillionsofkindsofmatterinthe（四）eg：Shehasmanypencils,blueandeg：Ithinkheisamansuitableforthebe作定语时，表示特定的 AcertainMr.Wangjustcameheretolookforbe作定语时，表示完全的late:作定语时，表示已故的；作表语时，表示晚的、的eg:theold,thepoor,theblind,therich,theyoung,theseldomhardlyrarely，形容词和副词的一些没有的形容词和副词①单词本身的含义是表示比……年长比……优秀比……优等时没有概念；②有些单词本身的含义即是最，独一无二，没有概念；absolute，entire，excellent，favorite，final. （

eg：ThephotographyofMarstakenbysalitearemuchclearerthanthosetaken③特殊用法词汇eg：Heismorecleverthanhonest.the+：越来越……eg：Theharderyouwork,themoreyouwill三、时态和（一）时eg：Igetupat7o'clockintheIleaveschoolforhomeat6everyeg：Theteachertoldus:theearthmovesaroundtheShanghailiesintheeastofed或不规则变化的动词；常用时间状语有：yesterdaylastweek,anhourago,theotherdayin1982eg：DidyougotoShanghailast补充：usedto/beusedusedtodo："过去常常"，表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在；eg：Mikeusedtotakeawalk.beusedto+ ng"习惯于"，to是介词，后需加名词或动eg：MikeisusedtotakingaHeisusedtotakingashowerwithcoldbeusedtodoeg：LeavesareusedtofightenemiesinKongfumoviesastheYourphonenumberagain?I quitecatch A. B. C. D..一般过去式和过去完成时的对比eg：BeforeIcametoBeijing,Ihadstayedineg：Whenthearrived,thethieveshadrunhope,wishexpect,thinkintend,mean,suppose等，用过去完成时eg：Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome,butyouWehadthoughtthathewouldtakepartinthecompetition，butheeg：Ifyouhadcometomybirthdayparty,youwouldhaveseen shallwill所代替;eg：WhichparagraphshallIreadfirst？begoingto+不定式，表示将来；表示要发生的事情有了预先的计划、准备或有迹eg：Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?Whatwillyoudothisafternoon?will（3）be不定式：表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事；eg：Weareto/willdiscussthereportnextSaturday.（4）beaboutto不定式：意为马上做某事，后面不可以接时间状语；eg：HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing.eg：Thetrainleavesatsixtomorrowcomegoarrive,leave,start,beginreturn的一般现在时表将来，主要用eg：Whendoesthebusstar?Itstarsinteneg：I'llwritetoyouassoonasIarriveincome,go,startarrive,leave,stayeg：IhavejustfinishedmyIthasrainedfor3过去时与现在完成时的区别eg：IcametoBeijinginIhavestayedinBeijingsince间现在完成时常用时间状语：forsincesofar…（长期的段时间）eg：Hehaddinnerwithmeyesterday.Ihaveplayedbasketballfor3现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态动词一般是延续性的如live,teach,learn,work,study,know；过去时常用的非持续性动词有come,go,leave,start,die,finish, e,getmarried等；eg：HegotmarriedtwoyearsIhavelivedinBeijingfor10用于现在完成时的句Itisthefirstsecondtime…that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.ItwasthethirdtimethattheboyhadbeenThisisthethat…结构，that从句要用现在完成时ThisisthebestfilmthatI've(ever)这是我看过的最好的Thisisthefirsttime(that)I'veheardhimsing.这是我第一次听他唱歌。HaveyoubeentoourtownNo,it'sthefirsttimeIA.even,comeB.even,havecomeC.ever,comeD.ever,haveDeverneverThisisthelargestfishIhaveeverseen.Itis/wasthefirsttime+that-clause的句型中，从句要用完成sincefor的用法since用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度;eg：Ihavelivedhereformorethantwentyyears.IhavelivedheresinceIwasforsincesince后面也出现时间段，则ago；egIhavelivedheresincetwentyyearsago.错句：Ihaveworkedheresincemanyyears.since句型：Itis一段时间since从句，sinceeg：ItistwoyearssinceIbecameapostgraduateItisthreeyearssinceIjoinedtheeg：Ithasrainedfor3days.Ithasbeenrainingfor3eg：IhavebeenlearningEnglishfor5IhavebeenlearnedEnglishfor5（二）语am/is/are+am/is/are+being+was/were+was/were+being+eg：ForesthavebeenTheyweregivenawarmsendTheirweddingwillbeheldinthechurch.eg：Thebookwaswritten20yearsago.四四 举例1.2009年12月Despitethehardshipheencountered,Marknever 放弃：giveup,giveup/abandon/quitthepursuitofknowledgegaveup/abandoned/quit thepursuitofknowledge2.2009年6月Thestudyshowsthatthepoorfunctioningofthehumanbody 切相关 becloselyrelatedto：thelackofexercisesiscloselyrelatedtothelackof3.2008年12月

( havereceiveddecidedto创业：launchtheirownenterprisedecidedtolaunchtheirownenterprise4.2008年6月出了毛病：outofSomethingmustbeoutofcontrol/wrong五、定语从eg：IknowtheThegirlcomesfromIknowthegirlwhocomesfromwhowhich替换；thatwhowhicheg：IlikereadingThebookswerewrittenbyOIlikereadingbookswhichwerewrittenbyOHenry.eg：Iplantedatree.ThetreeistallerthantheThetreewhichIplantedistallerthanthewho/that/whicheg：TheteacherprizedtheTheboyismyTheboywhotheteacherprizedismyneighbor.eg：Thisisthebook.YouarelookingfortheThisisthebookwhichyouarelookingfor.eg：Thisisthebook.YouareinterestedintheThisisthebookwhichyouareinterestedeg：lookfor,beinterestedin,lookafter,lookwhich/who/that的前面；eg:ThisisthebookwhichyouarelookingThisisthebookwhichyouareinterestedin.Thisisthebookinwhichyouareinterested.Thisisthebookwhichyouaskedfor.eg：BeijingistheIwasbornintheBeijingistheplacewhichIwasbornin.BeijingistheplaceinwhichIwas定语从句中，如果介词+whichwhereBeijingistheplacewhereIwasborn.eg:Ican'tforgettheday.IjointhearmyontheIcan'tforgetthedaywhichIjointhearmyon.Ican'tforgetthedayonwhichIjointhearmy.Ican'tforgetthedaywhenIjointhearmy.判断：ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastThisisthemountainvillageinwhichIvisitedlastyear.ThisisthemountainvillagewhichIvisitedinlast正确：Thisisthemountainvillagewhich/thatIvisitedlasteg：IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithIwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside.IwillneverforgetthedayswhichIspentinthecountryside.eg：Isthisthemuseum（that）youvisitedafewdaysago?themuseumvisit的宾语Isthisthemuseum(inwhich/where)theexhibitionwas介词+whichwhen，where5eg:Inourschool，therewere8foreignteacherswhocomefromAustralia.（句Inourschool，therewere8foreignteacherswhocomefromAustralia.（定语从句eg：Thisisthehousewhichweboughtlasteg:Hewonthefirstplaceinthecompetition,whichisoutofourWewillspendtheSpringFestivalinGuangzhou,whichwasdecidedlastyear.Thisisthehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth.which引导非限制性定语从句只能放在后面，as则只能放在句eg:Smokingisharmfultoourheath,whichweknow.Smokingisharmfultoourheath,asweknow.Asweknow,smokingisharmfultooureg：Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss（）cameasasurpriseA. B.thatC.asD.(3)thatwhich①什么时候不能用that，只能用which：非限定性定语从句中，即逗号之后；eg：Thetree,thatis400yearsold,whichisveryfamoushere.thatwhich；eg：Thetree,thatis400yearsold,whichisveryfamousWedependontheland,hat：因为；all，anything，nothing，theonemuch，littleeg：HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Leehastheonlytheveryeg：Thisistheonlywaythatwecanthink③如果先行词中出现了序数词和形容词eg：ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveevereg：Theyaretalkingabouttheschoolandtheteachersthattheyvisited例：Medical Theyhaven’tfoundsolutions/answerstotheseTherearemanyproblemswhichtheyhaven’tfoundsolutions/answers（，thisComparedwiththeplaceinwhich/whereIgrew例（听到他告诉我的消息，Icouldn’t helplaughing．Hearingthenewswhich/thathetoldme,例：CareerexpertssaythatoneofthewaysjobseekerscanstaysafewhileusingtheInternettosearchoutjobsistoconcealtheiridentities.thewaythatwhichinwhich，六.eg：Iknowtheman,theoftheNewOrientaleg：HeisaAreyouaWhoisaeg：IknowtheHeisaIknowthefactthatheisastudent.eg：Ihaveaquestion.AreyouaIhaveaquestionwhetheryouareastudent.Ihaveaquestionwhoisastudent. answer，belief，concept，explanation，fact，hope,message,news,promise,prove,question,thought等，后面可以接同位语从句；that引导；whetherif；eg：ThenewssoonspreadthewholeTheyhadwontheThenewsthattheyhadwonthegamesoonspreadthewholeschool.Thenewsthattheyhadwonthegamecame.Newscamethattheyhadwonthegame.eg：Informationhasbeenissued.

MoremiddleschoolstudentwillbeadmittedtoInformationthatmoremiddleschoolstudentwillbeadmittedtouniversitieshasInformationhasbeenissuedthatmoremiddleschoolstudentwillbeadmittedtouniversities. ThequestionwasansweredbythefamilydoctorWhetherweshouldsendforanThequestionwhetherweshouldsendforanspecialistwasansweredbythefamilyweather，howwhat,when,wherewhywhen前面的名词是地点，where前面的名词是时间，whywhen,where,why前面不是地如果关系词为which，则通过中文翻译进行区分；若which能翻译成哪一个，则一定是同位thatthat在句子中充当成分，则eg：Thesuggestionthatsheshouldstayintheroomisgood.Thesuggestionthatshehasgiveninthemeetingis例：Thefactthatordinarycitizensarenowstartingtothinkseriouslyaboutthenation'smoralclimate,saysthisethicsprofessorattheUniversityofChicago,isreasontohopethatnewideaswillcomeforwardtoimproveit.eg：WemustfindoutwhodidallIwanttoknowwhetherhewillcome.Ihopethathewillcome.eg：Theteachertoldusthattheearthiseg：ToddPark,alocaldetective,saidthemethodhashelpedhimlearnmoreaboutanunidentifiedwomanwhoseskeletonwasfoundnearGreatSaltLake.thatthateg：Ithinkthatyouaredon'tdoubtthat；eg：Idoubtwhetherheislingthetruth.Idon'tthatheislingthetruth.wonderIwonderif think,believe,suppose,expect,fancy,imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到eg：Idon'tthinkIknowIdon'tbelievehewill seem,appearItdoesn'tseemthattheyknowwheretoItdoesn'tappearthatwe'llhaveasunnyday

eg：ChinaisnolongerwhatsheusedtoThequestioniswhoisresponsibleforwhathaseg：Thatthecollegewilltakeinmorestudentsistrue.Whetherhewillcomeornothasn'tbeendecided.Whyheisn'thereisnotcleartoeveryone.itItis+名词+eg：ItisapitythatyoushouldhavetoItis+形容词+eg：ItisclearthatthewholeprojectisduetoItisnecessary/important/strange/natural+that引导的主语从句，从句中的谓语动词一定要用should+动词；eg：ItisnecessarythatoneshouldmastertheskillsofoperatingItis+过去分词+主语从句；Itissaid/planted/expected…eg：ItissaidthatBushwillvisitourschoolnextItis+不及物动词+形容词表语形式+主语从句；eg：Itseemedcertainthathewillwintheprize.eg：Weathershewillcomeornotisunknown.（主语从句）Itisunknownwhetherhewillcomeornot.（主语从句）Idon'tknowwhetherhewillcomeornot.（宾语从句）Thequestioniswhetherhewillcomeornot.（表语从句）Thequestionwhetherhewillcomeornotisnotsettled.（同位语从句）例：096月 (很多人没有的)isthatSimonisaloverofsports,andfootballparticularwhatmanypeople 例：0812月Itwasverydark,butMaryseemedto (本能地知道该走哪条路knowwhichwaytotakebyinstinct例：0712月Inmysixties,onechangeInoticeisthat Ifeel/gettiredmoreeasilythan例：08年6Globalwarmingmayormaynotbethegreatenvironmentalcrisisofthe21stcentury,but-regardlessofwhetheritisorisn't-wewon'tdomuchaboutit.例：Becausetheyusuallyreceivethesamescoreonstandardexaminations.Thereisoftendisagreementatwhoisthebetterstudent,Bobor 例：08年12Yourresumeshouldattractawould-beboss'sattentionbydemonstrating whyyouwouldbethebestcandidateforacertain例：SincemychildhoodIhavefoundthat (没有什么比读书对我更有Nothingismoreattractive/appealingtomethaneg：IgotupIwaslateforBecauseIgotuplate,Iwaslateforschool.（原因状语从句Igotuplate，soIwaslateforschool.（结果状语从句wherewherever，everywhereeg：WhereIlivethereareplentyofWhereveryouwork,youwillgainmuchvaluableexperienceaslongasyouareto

Wherever=nomatterEverywheretheywent,theywerewarmlyreceived.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.eg:Whereyouareconfident，youwilleg：Wherepreviouslythebankhadconcentratedonthebiginfrastructureprojects,suchasdams,roadsandbridges，itbegintoswitchtoprojectswhichdirectlyimprovedthebasicservicesofacountry.concentratedonas,asif,asthough，thewaywhateg：AlwaysdototheothersasyouwouldbedoneWhenenterRomedoastheRomansas从句带有比喻的含义，意思是"正如…"，"就像asif/though："仿佛……似的"，"好像……似的eg：They yignorethesefactsasif(asthough)theyneverHelooksasif(asthough)hehadbeenhitbyItlooksasiftheweathermaypickupverytheway：可以连接两个句子，表达就像……一样；eg：Ishoulddothejobthewaymyfatherdid.ManyEuropeansnowapparentlyviewtheUS.thewaymanyAmericansviewMexicanasacheapplacetovacation,shopandparty.eg：Airistomanwhat/aswateristo句型：AistoBwhatCistoeg：A1Gorecallsglobalwarmingan"inconvenienttruth,"asifmerelyrecognizingitcouldputusonapathtoasolution.putsb.onapathtoasolutionthat,sothatinorderthat,lest,forfearthat,incaselest：以防；从句中的谓语动词必须用should+动词eg:Hewrotethenamedownforfearthat(lest)heshouldforgetHetooktheumbrellawithhimlestitshouldincaselesteg：Taketheumbrellawithyouincaseitrains.forfeatthatlest保持一致；eg：Avarietyofactivitiesshouldbeorganizedsothatparticipantscanremainactiveaslongastheywantandthengoontosomethingelsewithoutfeelingguiltyandwithoutlettingtheotherparticipantsdown.sothatsuch…that引导；so保留，that可以省略；如此……以至eg：Hedidn'tabidebythecontractsothathewasfined.Hewassoexcitedthathecouldn'tfallasleep.Hemadesuchaninspiringspeechthateverybodygot比较：so（1）so：so+形容词、副词+that；so+形容词+a/an+名词+that；eg：Thewindwassostrongthatwecouldhardlymoveforward.HerunssofastthatIcouldn'tcatchupwithItwassohotadaythatcropsHeissolovelyaboythateveryoneloveseg：Itwassuchahotdaythatcropswilted.Heissuchalovelyboythateveryonelovesas…（not) the+eg：Lighttravelsfastthansound.the+：eg：Thesooner，theeg：Girlsarethusseenaslessvaluablethanboysandartkeptathometodohouseworkwhiletheirbrothersaresenttoschool-theprophecy（) esself-fulfilling,trapwomeninaviciouscircle(恶性循环)ofneglect.6当……的时候：while,when,as；eg：WhenIwaswatchingTV,mymothercameback.eg：Myfatheriscookingwhilemymotherisreadingnewspaper.eg：Astimewentby,thedaysbecamelongerandtheminute，themoment,theinstant也可表示；nosooner…than,hardly…eg：Iwillwritetoyouthemoment/minuteIarrivedin特殊单词：bythetimethat,every/eachtime（"做某事直至某时"eg:Isleptuntilmidnight.WaittillIcallShedidn'tarriveuntil6Untiltilleg:Untilyoutoldme,Ihadheardnothingofwhateg：Asyousleepyoupassthroughasequenceofsleepstates—lightsleep,deepsleepandREM(rapideyemovement)sleep—thatrepeatsapproximayevery90minutes.连接词：if,once,aslongas,onconditioneg：IfwintercomescanspringbefarAslongasitdoesn'train,wecanYoucangooutonconditionthatyouwearanModerncarsarefartoughertosteal,astheirenginemanagementcomputerwon'tallowthemstartunlesstheyreceiveauniqueIDcodebeamedoutbytheignition点火)连接词：because,since,as,for，nowthat,inthat,owingto,dueto,thanksto,becauseof,asaresultof;比较：because,sinceasas或since。Ididn'tgo,becauseIwasSince/Astheweatherissobad,wehavetodelayourbecausefor来代替。但如果for。Heisabsenttoday,because/forheisill.Hemustbeill,forheisabsenttoday.nowthatinthateg：Nowthatthissemesterisfinished,Iamgoingtorestafewdaysandtakeatrip.Humanbeingsaredifferentfromanimalsinthathumancanspeakandthink.though,although，as,whileeven区分eg：Although/thoughheisachild,hecanlivebyhimself.as表示虽然的时候，要进行倒装；Childas/thoughheis,hecanlivebyhimself.eg：Although/thoughsheworksveryhard,shemakesverylittleprogress.Hardassheworks,shemakesverylittleAlthough/thoughsheisyoung;shehastravelledtomanycountriestoputshows.Youngassheis,shehastravelledtomanycountriestoputshows.eg：Heisexperiencedwhileheisyoung.Theanti-agentwasnotknown untiladoctorfinditbychance.Iwouldprefershoponlinetoshopinadepartmentstorebecause itismoreconvenientandButsincewaterismuchcheaperthanwine,andmanyofthefancierbrandsaren’tavailableinstores,mostdinersdon’tnoticeorcare.Whilethere’snoquestionthatcontinuousstressisharmful,severalstudiessuggestthatchallengingsituationsinwhichyou’reabletorisetotheoccasioncanbegoodforyou.whowhich；that既可以指人又可以指物。which/who/thatwhich正好表whenwherewhy；eg:Hewonthefirstplaceinthecompetition,whichisoutofourwhich引导非限制性定语从句只能放在后面，as则只能放在名词性从句：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句及同谓语从句；形式：名词+从句；连接词that一般疑问句变成陈述句语序，然后在其前加上weather或者if；特殊疑问句：直接保留特殊eg.Yuminhong,theofNewOriental状语从句:两个独立的句子中间用一些含义不同的连接词连接；状语从句用来表达两个句子目的状语、比较状语、方式状语等九大类型；定语从句是名词+关系词+that引导；一般疑问句：先把一般疑问句变成陈述句语序，然后在其前加上when，where，why如果前面不是时间、地点、人物，那么是同谓语从句；如果是Whethertheplanisfeasibleremainstobeproved. Iworryaboutwhetherhecanpassthroughthecrisisofhisillness. 我担心他是否能度过疾病的期。Theyareinvestigatingthequestionwhetherthemanis （同谓语从句Attimewhenhiringqualified peopleis ，employerscaneliminate biasfromtheprocesshaveadistinctadvantage.（定语从句）在雇佣合格人才变得越来越的时期那些能够在雇佣过程中消除站不住脚的偏见的雇主Eg.While（让步状语从句）eventhemodestlyeducatedsoughtanelevatedtonewhen（时间状语从句）theyputpentopaperbeforethe1960seventhemos