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汉译英短文练习自从1939年以来,人们做了大量的科学研究拟定了烟草对人体健康危害极大。急需立法来严禁各种烟草产品的广告宣传。由于这种广告总是劝人们吸更多的烟,因而在很大限度应对那些健康状况恶化或由肺癌致死的人们负责。Numerousscientificstudiesconductedsince1939haveindicatedthatsmokingisveryharmfultohealth.Legislationisbadlyneededtobanalladvertisingoftobaccoproductsasitpersuadespeopletosmokemoreandsoisinalargepartresponsibleforpeoplewithdeterioratinghealthorthosewhodiedoflungcancer.虽然有些经济学家进行了悲观的预测,但事实上中国加入世界贸易组织不会给国营公司带来剧烈的冲击。国际金融新闻报的一篇评论认为,中国加入世贸组织的悲观影响会是有限的,而其为国营公司带来的实质性好处是显而易见的,比如说它可以更多地引进外国技术。China’sentryintoWorldTradeOrganization(WTO.willnothavearadicalimpactontheStateenterprisesdespitethedistressingpredictionsofsomeeconomists.TheInternationalFinancialNewssaidinacommentarythenegativeeffectsofenteringWTOwouldbelimitedwhiletherewouldbesubstantialbenefitsforthestateenterprises,suchastheintroductionofmoreforeigntechnology.过去50年其实并不是发明创新的黄金时期。从192023到1950年,改变人类生活的发明有汽车、飞机、电话、收音机、电视机——当然尚有核武器和计算机。而近50年来,只有为数不多的发明。难道发明的源泉已经枯竭了吗?答案并非如此。事实上,发明的新时代刚刚开始。Actuallythelastfiftyyearswasnotthegoldenageofinventionandinnovation.From1900to1950,humanlifewastransformedbysuchinventionascars,aeroplanes,telephones,radiosandtelevisionsets,nottomentionnuclearweaponsandthecomputerofcourse.Intherecent50yearssinceonlyafewinventionshavebeenmade,wasthewellspringofinventiondryingup?Notlikely.Indeed,anewageofinventionisjustbeginning.4.在现代世界中信息灵通是非常重要的。许多领域的成功取决于获取最新信息。同时,决策的失误往往是由于缺少必要的信息。因此,我们称这个时代为信息时代。随着社会的发展,人们可以预见,在未来社会中信息的作用更为重要,没有信息,我们就如同盲人,寸步难行。Itisofgreatimportancetobewell-informedinthemodernworld.Successinmanyfieldsdependsongettingthelatestinformation.Atthesametime,failureinpolicy-makingoftenresultsfromthelackofnecessaryinformation.Therefore,wecallthecurrentera“theinformationwillplayanincreasinglyimportantpartinfuturesociety.Withoutinformationwewouldactliketheblindandcouldmakenofurtherstepforward..5.受过良好教育的大学生对任何国家来说都是一笔财富。遗憾的是,人才外流已给许多发展中国家的工业和经济导致了困难。由于那里急需工程师、科学家、经理和其他专门人才。在那里更需要这些人才发展工业和经济。Thewell-educateduniversitystudentsareatreasuretoanycountry.Itisapitythatthebraindrainofthetalentedhascausedsomedifficultiesinthedevelopmentofindustriesinmanydevelopingcountries.Inthesecountries,engineers,scientists,managersandotherprofessionalsarebadlyneeded.Theyareneededtodeveloptheindustryandeconomythere.6.中国进一步发展经济、扩大开放,对各国公司意味着更多的商机。改革开放以来,中国公司与国外、海外公司积极开展经济技术合作,取得了巨大成就。这些公司帮助了中国公司的成长,同时也在合作中获得了利益,取得了互利和双赢的结果。中国政府愿继续提供便利和条件,推动中国公司与国外、海外公司进一步开展合作。Chinawilldevelopitseconomyfurtherandopenitselfstillwidertotheoutsideworld,whichoffersmorebusinessopportunitiestooverseasenterprises.SinceChina’sreformandopeningup,ChineseenterpriseshavevigorouslyundertakenEcotechwithoverseasenterprisesandscoredtremendousachievements.WhilehelpingChineseenterprisesdevelop,overseasenterpriseshavealsobenefitedfromit,hencemutualbenefitandall-win.TheChineseGovernmentstandsreadytocontinuetoofferfacilitiesandnecessaryconditionsforclosercooperationbetweenChineseenterprisesandtheiroverseascounterparts.7.专家预测,在不久的将来,水将成为我国许多地区社会经济发展的制约因素。水体污染的加剧,用水量的递增,都将无情地导致水荒的临近。为此,向污染开战,保护水源,乃是全人类的共同责任。Asspecialists(experts.)predict,inthenearfuture,waterwillbecomearestrictionconditioned.factorforsocialeconomicdevelopmentinmanypartsofChina.Waterdegradation.Intensifiedwaterpollution.andincreasingdemandforwatersupplywill,withoutmercy,resultintheapproachingofwatershortagedisaster.Thus,fightingagainstpollutionandprotectingwatersourceshavebecomethecommonresponsibilitiesofmankindasawhole.8文化是不同国家的人们互相理解的最佳媒体。通过举办文化节,许多中国城市在世界上的知名度提高了。已经证明,对促进中国人民和世界其他地方人民之间的交流来说,这是最佳的途径之一。这种交流不仅仅限于文化方面,还扩大到了经济和其他领域。Cultureisthebestmediumforpeopleofdifferentcountriestounderstandeachother.Throughculturefestivals,manycitiesinChinahaveraisedtheirprestigeintheworld.Ashasbeenproventhat,thisisoneofthebestwaystopromotethecommunicationbetweenChinesepeopleandthepeoplefromdifferentpartsoftheworld.Thiskindofcommunicationisnotonlyconfinedtoculture,butextendstoeconomyandotherfields.9.市场经济下的公平竞争是促进经济繁荣的重要因素。但竞争过度,就会导致不容忽视的负面影响。恶性竞争会导致大量资源和人才浪费。在剧烈竞争下,市场需要往往会让位于竞争需要。各高科技公司不得不投下巨额资金发展新项目,结果技术和产品成堆。假如抢不到市场败下阵来,则损失惨重。Inamarketeconomy,thecrucialfactorforprosperityisfaircompetition.Butifthecompetitionspinsoutofcontrol,thenegativeeffectsmustnotbeoverlooked.Tremendousamountsofresourcesandtalentwillbewastedonviciouscompetition.Inahighlycompetitiveenvironment,theneedsofthemarketusuallygivewaytotheneedforcompetition.Hi-techcompaniesinvesthugeamountsofmoneyintonewprojects.Asaresult,redundantproductsfloodthemarket.Thosewhocannotgrabashareofthemarketwillsuffergreatlosses.10.年轻人上网已不再仅仅是下载一些音乐,玩玩游戏或者看一下比赛得分。最新一项调查显示,上网的年轻人中的四分之三都运用网络查询过健康和医药方面的信息。除了电子邮件,学校信息,新闻类信息和娱乐信息,被调查者最感爱好的就是这方面的信息了。这项调查初次进一步调查了年轻人如何运用互联网来获得健康方面的知识。MoreyoungpeoplegethealthinformationfromtheInternetthanuseittoloadmusic,playgames,orchecksportsscores.AnewsurveyshowsthreeoutoffouryoungpeoplewhousetheInternethavesearchedforhealthandmedicalinformation.Inface,theonlyactivitiesthatmoreyoungpeoplereportedparticipatinginwereemailing,schoolresearch,andfindingnewsandentertainmentinformation.ThesurveyisthefirsttolookindepthathowyoungpeopleusetheInternetforhealthpurposesfinds.11.中国已经是世界第三大电器生产国,并且正在成为全球电器市场上的主角。中国具有巨大的生产能力,并且每年以20%的速度增长,因此促使全球电器产品的价格不断下降。2023前,美国、欧洲和日本公司开始进入中国,向本地市场提供了家用电器。如今这些公司却被中国竞争对手弄得焦头烂额。布鲁金斯学会的拉迪说:“我们将看到在全球具有竞争力的中国公司的崛起。”Chinaisalreadytheworld’sthirdlargestproducerofelectronics,andbecomingaplayerintheglobalappliancemarket.Withitshugeproductioncapacity--growingbyabout20percentayear--theChinesearerelentlesslydrivingdownglobalprices.Twentyyearsago,U.S.,EuropeanandJapanesecompaniesstartedmovingintoChinatosupplythelocalmarketwithhouseholdgoods.NowthosecompaniesaregettingwhippedbyChinesecompetitors.“WewillseetheemergenceofgloballycompetitiveChinesefirms,”saystheBrookingsInstitution’sLardy.12.绿色奥运、人文奥运、科技奥运是北京申办2023年奥运会的三大主题。北京积极响应国际奥委会的号召,把奥运会办成在环境保护方面发挥突出作用的奥林匹克盛会。北京市政府将与全市人民一道,通过申办和举办奥运会,加快实行北京市的环境保护规划,进一步改善环境质量,完善城市基础设施建设,提高市民的生活水平,促进城市可连续发展。Green,human,andtechnologicalarethethreemainthemesofBeijing’sbidforthe2023OlympicGames.ActivelyrespondingtothecalloftheInternationalOlympicCommittee,BeijingwantsitsOlympicstobetheGamesknownforpromotingenvironmentalprotection.Alongwithallofitscitizens,throughthebiddingstageandhostingoftheOlympicGames,Beijing’saimistofurtherspeedupitsenvironmentalprotectionplanstoenhancetheenvironmentalquality,perfectconstructionofurbaninfrastructure,improveresidents’standardoflivingandpromotethesustainabledevelopmentofthecity.13.别人吸烟,你吸入,的确会对你的肺有危害。据美国“肺协”估计,每年约有3000名死于肺癌的人是被动吸烟者。有一项调查发现,不吸烟的妇女,假如在吸烟的家庭环境中生活40年或更长的时间,那么就有加倍患肺癌的危险。ﻩﻩItsurelydoesharmtoyourlungsifotherpeoplesmokeandyoubreatheitin.AccordingtotheanticipationofAmericanLungAssociation,eachyearabout3,000peoplewhodiefromlungcancerarepassivesmokers.Aninvestigationindicatesthatnon-smokingwomenlivinginasmokingfamilyenvironmentfor40yearsorstilllongerwillhavethedoubleriskofdevelopinglungcancer.14.假日经济的现象表白:随着生活水平的提高,消费结构呈多元化,消费观发生了巨大变化,对基本生活必需品的传统需求已转向对休闲、舒适和进步的需求。中国人的消费观在蓬勃发展的假日经济中正变得成熟,因此产品结构应做相应调整,来适应社会的发展,服务质量要改善,以满足人们提高生活质量的规定。Thephenomenonofholidayeconomydemonstratesthat,withanimprovementoflivingstandards,theconsumptionstructurehasbeendiversifiedandtheconsumptionconceptgreatlychanged.Traditionalconsumerdemandforbasicnecessitiesoflifehasgivenwaytoleisure,comfortanddevelopment.Therefore,thestructureofproductsshouldbeadjustedaccordinglytoadapttosocialdevelopment,andservicesshouldberefinedtosatisfypeople’sdemandforanimprovedqualityoflife.15.开发风景区代表文化建设的方向,经济的繁荣不一定带来文化的进步,一方面,当人们追求经济利益时,他们经常忽略或放弃文化建设;第二,当旧的观念被打破时,一些人就会不知所措,或误入歧途,因此,既要发展经济,又要搞好文化建设,一直是社会的重要任务。Developingascenicspotrepresentstheorientationofbuildingculture.Aneconomicflourishisnotboundtobringaboutculturalprogress.First,whenpeopleseekeconomicbenefits,theyoftenneglectorgiveupfosteringthebuildingofculture.Second,whenoldconceptsarebrokenup,somepeoplewillbeatalossorgoastray.Therefore,ithasbeenanimportanttaskofsocietytokeepabalancebetweeneconomicdevelopmentandculturalbuilding.16.一项国内调查显示,国内重要旅游景点和风景区在10月1日至7日共接待游客986万人,门票收入达两亿六千万元,一周内,有一百二十二万北京人到外地旅游,与去年同期相比上升了37%,城市旅游总收入为两百四十三亿元,上升了52%,因此,这七天假期被称为“Anationalsurveyindicatesthatmajortouristattractionsandscenicspotsnationwidereceivedatotalof9.86millionvisitorsduringOctober1-7,andincomefromadmissionticketshit267millionyuan.Duringtheweek,1.22millionBeijingerstraveledtootherplaces,anincreaseof37percentcomparedtothesameperiodlastyear,andthecity’stourismincometotaled2.43billionyuan,up52percent.Therefore,theseven-dayholidayhasbeencalleda“goldenweek”.17.根据第十个五年计划,中央政府将对西部地区增长投资力度,同时,将采用措施吸引非政府和国外资金参与西部开发和建设,一些重要的工程项目,如西电东送、水资源保护和开发,在此后几年中,将为增长的投资需求提供巨大的也许性。Accordingtothe10thFive-YearPlan(2023-2023.,theCentralGovernmentwillincreasetransferpaymentstothewesternregion.Inthemeantime,measureswillbeadoptedtoattractnon-governmentalandforeigncapitalforparticipationinwesterndevelopmentandconstruction.Majorengineeringprojects,suchasthewest-to-eastpowertransmission,conservationanddevelopmentofwaterresources,willprovidegreatpossibilitiesforrisinginvestmentdemandinthecomingyears.18.和平的环境,是一个国家、一个地区以至全球发展的重要前提。没有和平,没有稳定的政治局面,就谈不上经济发展。历史和现实都充足说明了这一点。和平与发展是时代的主题。世界各国人民应携手合作,继续推动人类和平与发展的崇高事业。Apeacefulenvironmentisindispensablefornational,regionalandevenglobaldevelopment.Withoutpeaceorpoliticalstability,therewouldbenoeconomicprogresstospeakof..Thishasbeenfullyprovedbyboththepastandthepresent.Peaceanddevelopmentarethethemesofthetimes.Peopleacrosstheworldshouldjoinhandsinadvancingtheloftycauseofpeaceanddevelopmentofmankind.19.过去几年来,计算机科学、人工智能和材料科学上取得的重要进展,再一次燃起发明智能机器人的希望,事实上,在制造智能机器人方面,我们取得的进展已经非常有说服力了,以至许多科学家对机器人也许带来的劫难公开表达忧虑,无论前景充满希望还是危机四伏,人类的探索之路始终都是对智力的挑战。Inthepastfewyears,importantadvancesincomputerscience,artificialintelligenceandmaterialsciencehaveonceagainraisedhopesofmakingintelligentrobots.Infact,progresstowardanintelligentrobothasbeensoconvincingthatmanyscientistsareworryingpubliclyabouttheperilsofrobots.Whetherhumansareinahopefulorprecariousplace,thejourneyherehasbeenanintellectualchallenge.20.据不完全记录,该市有民间环保组织50多个,他们根据各自的特点活跃在群众中,引导本社区群众保护环境,创建绿色家园、社区,开展垃圾分类活动,举办征询会、报告会,宣传保护野生动物,举办环保夏令营等。Accordingtoincompletestatistics,therearemorethan50non-governmentenvironmentalprotectionorganizationsinthecity.Theyexploittheiradvantagestothefullestwiththepublic,guidinglocalpeopletoprotecttheenvironmentandbuildagreenhomeandagreencommunity,advocatinggarbagesegregation,holdingconsultationmeetings,givingpubliclectures,callinguponpeopletoprotectwildanimalsandorganizingenvironmentalprotectionsummercampactivities,etc.21在过去2023中,世界上没有任何一个国家的外贸发展速度像中国那么快。日本用了20数年时间才将其外贸总额翻了一番而中国却翻了两番。中国现在已是全球第三大电器生产国,并且正在成为全球电器市场上的主角。中国还是世界上劳动密集型(labor-intensive)产品的重要生产国。Overthelasttwodecades,nocountryintheworldhasexpandeditsforeigntradeasfastasChina.Japantookmorethan20yearstodoubleitsforeigntrade,whileChina,forthesamelengthoftime,hasquadrupleditsforeigntrade(hasincreaseditsforeigntradebythreetimes.Alreadybetheworld'sthirdlargestproducerofelectricappliances,Chinaisnowplayingamajorroleintheglobalmarketoftheelectricwares.Chinahasalsobecomeamajorproduceroflabor-intensivemanufacturedgoodsintheworld.22为了成功举办2023年奥运会,北京计划投入230亿美元用于基础设施建设。据说一些外国公司已经注意到了这些商机。美国的一些公司打算在电信和信息技术方面提供产品和服务。英国的一些公司也正在围绕北京奥运会寻求商机,他们试图找到自己有优势的领域,如不污染环境的建筑技术等。Inordertoholdthe2023OlympicGamessuccessfully,Beijingplanstoinvest23billionUSdollarsintheconstructionofbasicfacilities,Itisreportedthatsomeforeigncompanieshavenoticedthesebusinessopportunities.SomeAmericancompaniesplantoprovideproductsandserviceintheareasoftelecommunicationandinformationtechnology.SomeBritishcompaniesarealsoseekingbusinessopportunitiesfromBeijingOlympicGames.TheyaretryingfindtheareaswhereU.Khasadvantages,suchasthearchitecturaltechnologywhichwillnotpollutetheenvironment.23.

狮舞(Lion

Dance)是中国最广为流传的民间舞蹈之一。狮为百兽之首,在中国传统中ﻫ狮子被视为是能带来好运的吉祥物(mascot)。古人将狮子视作是勇敢和力量的象征,能驱赶邪恶、保护人类。狮舞已拥有了2,000数年的历史。在唐代(the

Tang

Dynasty),狮舞就被引入了皇室。因此,舞狮成为元宵节(the

Lantern

Festival)和其他节日的习俗,人们以此来祈祷好运、平安和幸福。

The

Lion

Dance

is

one

of

the

most

widespread

folk

dances

in

China.

The

lion

is

the

king

of

animals.

In

Chinese

tradition,

the

lion

is

regarded

as

a

mascot,

which

can

bring

good

luck.

Ancient

people

regarded

the

lion

as

symbol

of

braveness

and

strength,

which

could

drive

away

evil

and

protect

humans.

The

Lion

Dance

has

a

history

of

more

than

2,000

years.

In

the

Tang

Dynasty,

the

Lion

Dance

was

introduced

into

the

royal

family.

Therefore,

at

Lantern

Festival

and

other

festive

occasions

(/

festivals),

performing

the

lion

dance

has

been

a

custom,

by

which

people

pray

for

good

luck,

safety

and

happiness.24.旅游是一种集观光、娱乐、健身为一体的快乐而美好的活动。旅游业随着时代进步而不断发展。20世纪中叶以来,现代旅游在世界范围迅速兴起,旅游人数不断增长,旅游产业规模连续扩大,旅游经济地位显著提高。旅游活动日益成为各国人民交流文化、增进友谊、扩大交往的重要渠道,对人类生活和社会进步产生越来越广泛的影响。Tourismrepresentsakindofpopularandpleasantactivitythatcombinessightseeing,recreationandhealthcare.Tourismhasbeendevelopingallalongwiththeprogressofthetimes.Sincethemiddleofthe20thcentury,moderntourismhasbeengrowingatafastpacearoundtheworld.Thenumberoftouristshaseverbeenontherise,thescaleofthetourismindustryhasbeenonconstantexpansion,andthepositionoftourismintheeconomyhasbeenobviouslyraised.Tourismservesgraduallyasanimportantbridgeofculturalexchange,friendshipandfurtherexchangesandexertsmoreandmoreextensiveinfluenceonthehumanlifeandsocialprogressamongvariouscountries.总的来说,在几乎所有高度发达的西方工业社会中都存在着父母与子女之间的矛盾。从社会学的角度来解释现代社会中这种两代人之间的紧张关系,我们可以说,是工业化所带来的社会的急剧变化导致了父母与子女在价值观念、处世态度上的难以调和的分歧。然而现代化的进程也许因其他因素而大大加剧了父母和子女之间的矛盾,使其更具普遍性。(Dr.32)Generally,parent-childconflictisthoughttoexistinvirtuallyallhighlydeveloped,industrializedWesternsocieties.Thesociologicalexplanationforsuchintergenerationaltensioninmodernsocietyisthattherapidsocialchangeaccompanyingindustrializationcreatesirreconcilable(难以调和的)differencesinparents’andchildren’svaluesandattitudes.Butmodernizationmaywellhaveincreasedthedegreeandpervasivenessofconflictbetweenyoung

peopleandtheirparentsforotherreasons.

32.解决下岗职工再就业问题是今年各级政府的一项突出任务。再就业工程的实行,关系到改革、发展、稳定的大局。各级领导要满腔热忱地关心下岗职工的基本生活,千方百计地为下岗职工再就业发明条件。Helpinglaid-offworkersfindingnewjobsisaprimarytaskforgovernmentsatvariouslevelsthisyear.AstheReemploymentProjectisanissuethatconcernstheoverallsituationofthereform,developmentandsocialsecurityofthecountry,leadersatvariouslevelsshouldenthusiasticallycareforthebasiclifeofthelaid-offworkers,andtryeverypossiblemeanstocreateconditionsfortheirreemployment.

33.我们的国家要走向现代化最大的障碍并不是资源的问题,也不是资金问题,更不是技术问题。而是十几亿人口的素质问题。资金可以积累,技术可以发明也可以引进,但是几亿人口的素质是无法引进的,这就必须靠我们去提高。If

ourcountryistoachievemodernization,thebiggestobstacleisnottheshortageofnaturalresources,northelackoffunds,stilllesstheproblemoftechnology,butrather

thequalityofthemorethanonebillionpeople,forfundscanbeaccumulated,technologycanbecreatedorimported,buttheoverallqualityofthehugepopulation,whichcannotbeimported,mustonlybeimprovedbyourselves.

34.走私不仅扰乱市场,偷逃关税,更重要的是危害到民族工业的生存和发展。Smugglingoperationsnotonlydisorderourmarketsbutalsoevadescustomduty;whatismore,itharmsthesurvivalanddevelopmentofnationalindustry.盗版光盘严重损害了产权者的利益。Piratedcompactdiscsseriouslyinfringeupontheinterestsofintellectualpropertyholders.

35.我们两国建交以来的这些年里,我们在政治、经济、贸易、文化、教育、科技、卫生等领域里进行了真诚

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