2023年全国MBA联考英语预测试卷及答案

2０２３年全国MBA联考英语预测试卷及答案Sｅction

I：Lｉstｅning

Cｏmpｒehｅnｓiｏn

（2０

pｏｉnts)Directioｎs:

Ｔhis

Ｓｅcｔｉon

is

dｅsiｇｎeｄ

ｔo

ｔｅst

ｙour

ａbility

tｏ

ｕnｄerstand

spoken

Eｎglｉsh.

Yoｕ

will

heａr

a

selｅctｉon

of

rｅcorded

materials

and

yｏｕ

musｔ

anｓweｒ

the

quｅs

ｔioｎs

that

accompａnｙ

theｍ.

There

ａｒe

ｔhree

parts

in

tｈis

sectｉoｎ,

Part

A,

Ｐaｒt

B

and

Part

C.

Rememｂer,

wｈｉle

ｙｏｕ

aｒｅ

doiｎｇ

the

test,

you

should

ｆirst

put

ｄoｗｎ

yoｕr

ａnsweｒs

in

your

tｅst

booklｅt.

At

ｔhe

ｅnd

ｏf

the

listｅning

comｐrｅheｎsiｏn

secｔioｎ,

ｙoｕ

ｗｉll

have

5

miｎutes

tｏ

transfer

all

your

ａnswerｓ

ｆrｏｍ

yoｕｒ

test

boｏｋｌｅt

to

ANSWEＲ

SＨEET

1.

(20

poiｎｔs）Ｎow

look

at

Part

A

in

youｒ

test

bookｌeｔ．Part

ADirectiｏnｓ:

Foｒ

Questions

1—5，

you

ｗｉｌl

hear

a

talk

ａbｏut

Aｍericaｎ

edｕcａtion.

Wｈｉlｅ

you

liｓteｎ,

fｉlｌ

ｏｕｔ

tｈｅ

tabｌe

wiｔh

the

infoｒｍatioｎ

yｏu’ve

heａrd．

Somｅ

of

ｔhｅ

ｉnforｍatioｎ

ｈａｓ

beeｎ

ｇiven

tｏ

you

iｎ

tｈｅ

table.

Write

only

１

word

oｒ

nｕmbｅr

in

ｅａch

numｂered

box.

Ｙｏu

ｗｉll

heａｒ

thｅ

rｅcordｉng

tｗiｃe.

Yｏu

now

hａｖe

2５

ｓecoｎｄs

ｔo

reａd

tｈe

table

bｅloｗ.

(５

ｐoｉnts)Ａmerican

Eｄuｃationscｈｏｏls

organｉzeｄ

by1ｇeneｒal

ｃomｐulsory

educａtioｎ

ｃｏｎｔinuｅs

to__＿

(ｙears

oｌｄ)2the

agｅ

fｏrmａl

scｈooｌ

ｂegins＿_＿

(ｙeaｒs

ｏlｄ)3tｈｅ

length

ｏf

timｅ

in

ｈigｈ

sｃhool

iｎ

ruraｌ

arｅaｓ＿__

(yeａrs)4the

aiｍ

of

US

edｕcａtｉoｎｐｒovidｅ

eｑｕal

___

for

all５Ｐaｒt

BDｉrections:

For

questiｏｎs

6—10，

yoｕ

wilｌ

hear

a

talk

aboｕt

a

ｔravｅｌ

on

tｈe

Angｅleｓ

Mｏuntaｉns．

Ｗｈilｅ

you

listen,

cｏmplete

ｔｈe

sｅnteｎceｓ

ｏr

ａnswｅｒ

the

questiｏｎｓ．

Ｕse

not

moｒe

thaｎ

３

woｒｄs

ｆｏr

ｅａch

answer.

You

will

heaｒ

the

rｅcordinｇ

tｗiｃｅ.

Ｙｏu

nｏｗ

haｖe

２５

seｃoｎｄs

to

read

tｈe

seｎteｎces

and

quesｔiｏns

beｌow.

(5

pｏｉｎtｓ)The

grｏuｐ

ｏf

pｅople

ｌeft

Los

Ａnｇelｅs

on6The

peoplｅ

were

ｌooｋiｎg

forward

ｔo

a

weeｋ

of7Ｔhe

peak

ｏｆ

the

ｎexｔ

mountain

ｗas

ｃovered8Ｔｈeｙ

cｏｕlｄ

onlｙ

tｒaｖｅl

ａ

few

ｍｉles

ａn

hoｕr

bｅｃauｓe

ｏf

thｅ9They

speｎt

a

wｏｎderful

day1０Ｐaｒt

CDiｒｅｃtioｎs:

Yｏu

wilｌ

hｅar

ｔhree

piｅces

ｏf

rｅcoｒded

mａtｅriａl.

Before

listenｉng

to

each

ｏne，

ｙou

ｗｉll

ｈave

ｔiｍe

to

ｒeaｄ

the

ｑｕeｓtions

related

to

ｉt.

Ｗhiｌe

ｌｉｓtｅｎｉng,

aｎswer

ｅａch

ｑｕestioｎ

ｂy

choｏsｉng

A,

B,

Ｃ

or

D.

After

listｅninｇ,

ｙｏｕ

ｗｉll

havｅ

ｔime

ｔｏ

checｋ

your

ａnｓwers．

You

ｗilｌ

ｈｅaｒ

eacｈ

pｉecｅ

oｎce

oｎly.

(10

ｐoｉｎts)Quesｔions

11—１３

are

baseｄ

ｏｎ

thｅ

fｏllowing

monｏlogue.

Yoｕ

nｏｗ

have

1５

ｓecoｎds

to

reａd

Qｕeｓｔions

11—13.1１.

Ｔｈe

tｗo

ａsｐects

of

ｍｕsic

meｎtionｅd

in

ｔhe

talｋ

are

___＿__.A．

seｄａｔｉve-stimulａtive

muｓicB.

sｔimuｌaｔｉve-rock

musicC．

stｉmulaｔivｅ-ｊｕmｐy

ｍuｓiｃＤ.

sｅdatiｖe-smｏｏth

ｍusｉc１2.

A

synoｎym

foｒ

“ｓｔｉmulate”

in

this

talk

ｉs

_____＿.A.

ｓedateＢ.

cａｌmC.

eｎerｇiｚeD．

raiｓe13．

What

ｋiｎd

of

musiｃ

woｕｌd

the

speａｋｅr

recｏmmend

fｏr

a

neｒvoｕｓ

ｐｅrsｏn?Ａ.

Rock

aｎd

ｒｏｌl

mｕｓic.B.

Iｒｒeguｌａｒ

haｒmonｉes.C．

Repeaｔed

ｒhythms.Ｄ.

Diｓjuncｔ

melｏｄies.Questions

1４—16

arｅ

based

on

the

ｆoｌｌｏwinｇ

moｎologｕe．

You

nｏw

have

1５

seconds

to

read

Questiｏｎs

１4—16.１４.

Why

dｏn’t

the

ｐeoplｅ

iｎ

sｏme

rｕｒaｌ

aｒeas

get

the

neｗｓ

and

ｉｎforｍatｉon

by

radio?A．

Because

iｔ

is

too

ｅｘpensive

to

listen

to

the

raｄｉo.B．

Ｂｅｃause

soｍｅ

rurａｌ

parts

oｆ

thｅ

worlｄ

have

ｎo

eｌeｃtricitｙ.C.

Becａusｅ

the

newｓ

or

infoｒmａｔｉon

from

the

outside

world

is

ｎot

importａｎｔ.D．

Beｃａuｓe

they

don’t

enjoy

ｉt.15.

What’s

thｅ

trouble

for

the

pｏoｒ

peｏplｅ?A.

Ｂatｔerieｓ

aｒｅ

vｅry

exｐensｉvｅ.Ｂ．

Batｔerｉes

aren’t

aｖａilaｂlｅ.C.

Batteｒｉes

are

ｎｏｔ

conveniｅnt.D．

They

ｃａn’t

afford

ｔhe

eｌｅctricity．16.

Hoｗ

lｏng

ｗｉll

the

clocｋwｏrｋ

raｄｉo

play?A.

Ｆor

an

hour

and

a

ｈａｌf.Ｂ.

For

an

hｏur.C.

Foｒ

twｏ

hｏurs.D.

Ｆor

ｈａlf

ａn

ｈouｒ.Ｑｕesｔｉons

17—20

are

based

oｎ

tｈe

followiｎg

mｏnolｏgｕe．

Ｙou

noｗ

have

20

seconds

to

reａｄ

Questioｎs

17—20.17.

Ｗhat

iｓ

thｅ

purｐoｓe

of

tｈｅ

bｒoadｃaｓt?Ａ.

To

maｋｅ

reｃommｅｎｄaｔions

on

sｅnsible

diｅtiｎg．B.

To

report

thｅ

latest

ａdｖaｎceｓ

iｎ

physicaｌ

theｒapy．C．

Tｏ

relａte

ａn

expｅriｍent

coｍbｉning

ｓleeｐ

aｎd

exｅrcｉｓe.D．

To

ｏffer

ａdvice

ａbout

sleeｐｉng

proｂｌems.18.

Ａccordinｇ

to

the

speaker,

what

ｈappens

ｗhｅn

yoｕ

tosｓ

and

tuｒｎ

to

gｅt

ｃoｍfoｒtablｅ？A.

Your

ｈｅart

rate

is

loｗerｅd．Ｂ．

It

becomｅs

harｄeｒ

tｏ

relax.Ｃ．

You

bｅcome

too

tiｒed

to

ｓleｅp．Ｄ.

Ｓleｅp

rhｙthms

are

dｉsrｕｐtｅｄ．19.

Ａccorｄｉｎg

tｏ

the

speａker,

wｈaｔ

ｓoｍeｔiｍes

ｃａuｓes

peｏple

ｔo

have

trouｂle

sleeping?Ａ．

Faiｌｕre

to

rest

durｉng

tｈe

ｄay.Ｂ．

Ｌack

ｏf

sleep

on

weekends.Ｃ.

Vｉｇｏｒｏus

ｅｘｅrｃise

in

ｔhｅ

ｅvenｉng.D．

Eatｉng

cｈeesｅ

beforｅ

ｇｏiｎg

to

bed.2０.

Wｈat

does

tｈe

ｓｐeａkeｒ

say

ａbｏut

sｌeeping

pills?A.

Theｙ

ｍiｇht

eventually

cause

you

tｏ

close

ｓleep.B.

Thｅy

help

ｐroｄuce

a

nｅurotransｍitter

in

ｔｈe

braｉｎ.C.

You

musｔ

not

drink

ｍilｋ

if

you

take

tｈem.D.

Tｈey

ｍakｅ

ｉt

ｕnnecessary

ｔo

take

ｎａｐs．You

now

have

5

minuｔes

tｏ

tranｓfer

aｌl

youｒ

answers

from

your

test

bｏoklet

to

ANSＷER

SＨEEＴ.THIS

IS

ＴHE

END

OF

ＳECTION

ISectｉon

ＩI:

Vocabｕlary

and

Stｒuｃturｅ

(10

points)Directioｎs：

Tｈｅre

are

2０

incompletｅ

ｓｅntenｃeｓ

iｎ

this

sｅcｔiｏｎ．

Fｏｒ

each

sｅntenｃe

ｔhere

arｅ

four

choiceｓ

mａrked

A，

Ｂ,

C

anｄ

D.

Ｃhoose

the

ONＥ

answeｒ

thａｔ

ｂｅst

ｃoｍpletes

ｔhe

senｔｅnce．

Tｈeｎ

ｂlａckeｎ

ｔhe

ｃorreｓｐoｎding

leｔｔer

oｎ

the

ANＳＷEＲ

SＨＥＥT

１

with

a

ｐeｎｃil.21．

Ｍost

people

ｃhose

hiｍ

as

one

ｏf

_＿＿___

stａtesmen

oｆ

ｔｈat

ｙｅar.A．

ｐopulaｒＢ.

fａｖoredＣ．

favoｒiteD．

favorａblｅ22.

He

soｏn

rｅceｉved

prｏmｏtｉｏn，

fｏr

his

superiｏrｓ

reaｌiｚed

thａt

ｈｅ

ｗａs

a

ｍａｎ

ｏf

cｏnsideraｂle

____＿_.A.

aｂｉｌｉtｙB.

futuｒe

C.

possiｂilｉtyD．

oppｏrtunity２３.

Ｔhe

complier

＿__＿__

the

ａrtiｃle

ｔo

make

it

ｆit

the

spａｃｅ

ａvailabｌe

in

a

maｇaziｎe．Ａ.

tｕrns

down

B.

cuts

downＣ．

pulls

dowｎD.

ｒuｎｓ

down24.

Ｔhe

bank

extenｄs

long－ｔerｍ

＿_____

aｔ

fａvorabｌｅ

raｔe

to

foreｉｇn

bｕｙers,

thｕs

fiｎａnciｎｇ

the

purｃｈase

of

ＵＳ

ｇooｄs

aｎd

ｓｅrｖiceｓ．

Ａ.

moｒtｇagｅs

Ｂ.

ｓecｕrities

Ｃ．

loans

D．

inｓuranceｓ25.

Hｅ

tried

tｏ

＿＿＿___

ｈis

ｉnｖolvemenｔ

ｉn

ｔhis

ｓchemｅ

buｔ

ｈe

finally

gavｅ

ｉn

ａnd

ｃｏｎfessｅd.A.

declinｅB．

reject

C．

ｒeｆuｓeＤ．

deny２6.

Through

tｅａcｈing,

mａｎ

iｓ

aｂｌe

to

buｉld

his

baｓic

ａｂilities

ｉnto

ｎｅw

ａnd

more

______

ｓｋillｓ．A.

ｃomplicaｔeｄ

B.

comｐｌex

C．

ｃonfuｓedD.

conｆinｅd2７.

Those

two

ｗiｌl

neｖｅr

cｏ-ｏperａtｅ

wｈｉle

therｅ’s

such

a

ｂａsic

＿＿____

of

inｔｅrest

between

them.A.

confusionB.

contradiｃtｉｏn

Ｃ.

contrastD.

conｆｌict2８.

Aｌl

I’m

tryinｇ

to

ｄo

iｓ

tｏ

_____＿

ｗhy

yｏｕｒ

ｃoｎdｉｔｉon

ｈas

ｎoｔ

ｂeen

imprｏｖeｄ.A.

look

forB.

ｆinｄ

outＣ.

sｅａｒch

foｒD.

get

ｉｎ29．

My

bｒｏtheｒ

ｌikes

eａtinｇ

ｖerｙ

much

bｕt

he

isｎ’t

veｒy

_____＿

ａboｕt

tｈｅ

food

he

ｅａts.A．

spｅciａｌB．

pecuｌiarC.

partiｃulａrＤ.

uｎusual30.

The

dｅtecｔivｅ

hａd

fｏunｄ

ａ

few

_＿____

towarｄs

the

ｍurdeｒ,

but

stiｌｌ,

ｈｅ

ｈad

nｏ

idｅa

wｈｏ

tｈe

muｒdereｒ

wａｓ.A.

guｉdesB.

inｄｉcatiｏnｓC.

clｕesD.

hints31．

It

ｉs

ｎoｔ

ａlwaｙs

ｐoｓsible

tｏ

foresｅe

ｔhe

obstaclｅs

______

ｙour

ｗaｙ

tｏwards

an

ambitious

goal.Ａ.

blockeｄB.

blｏcｋinｇ

C．

to

blockＤ.

to

blaｃkｉｎg32．

We

ｃan

share

wｈaｔ

wｅ

know,

＿_____,

witｈ

someｏｎe

wｈo

hａs

neｅｄ

ｏｆ

that

knowledge

or

ｓkｉｌl.A．

howｅｖeｒ

littｌe

it

migｈｔ

beB.

tｈouｇh

ｌittle

iｔ

mｉght

bｅC．

ｈｏwｅveｒ

it

migｈt

bｅ

ｌittleD.

ａs

ｌｉｔtｌe

ｉt

migｈt

bｅ33.

It

is

tiｍe

thｅ

nａtions

ｏf

thｅ

ｗｏrld

___＿＿_

a

hａlt

ｔｏ

the

manuｆａctures

ｏｆ

ｎuclear

weapｏns.A.

ｗould

ｃａlｌB．

ｃallＣ.

cａｌledＤ.

ｗill

caｌl34.

The

teａchｅr

sａid

the

ｅｓｓaｙs

were

ｍostly

verｙ

gｏoｄ，

ｂut

_＿____

oｆ

Jane’ｓ

aｎｄ

Ｔom’s

thｅre

was

much

ｒｏoｍ

for

iｍprovement．A.

in

cａsｅB.

fｏｒ

ｔhe

sakｅ

oｆ

C．

ｉn

orderD.

in

the

ｃａse35.

Ａlｌ

ｔｈe

tasks

＿_＿___

ahｅaｄ

of

tiｍe,

tｈｅｙ

decｉdｅd

to

gｏ

ｏn

ｈoliｄaｙ

for

a

wｅek．A．

had

been

fulfillｅdB.

were

fｕｌfilledC．

hａｖｉng

ｂeeｎ

fuｌｆilledD.

been

fulfillｅd3６.

No

oｎe

iｓ

ｓure

___＿＿_

ｄaｍage

thｅ

ｃoｓｍiｃ

rays

cａn

do

tｏ

a

human

beiｎg，

ｂｕｔ

ｓcientiｓts

fｅel

that

brｉeｆ

exｐosｕｒe

is

proｂａbly

not

very

harmfuｌ.A.

tｈat

B.

wｈatＣ.

ｗｈｅthｅrD.

ｗhich37.

Ｓomeonｅ

of

us

hａd

tｏld

Smith

aboｕt

_＿＿_＿＿

a

ｌectuｒｅ

the

folｌowing

daｙ．A.

thｅｒe

ｂeｉｎｇB.

ｔhere

be

C.

therｅ

would

beD.

there

was38.

Oｎe

inｖeｓtiｇaｔiｏn

showｅd

that

ｆoｒｔｙ

ｐerｃent

ｏf

ｔhoｓe

kilｌed

in

auto

aｃcｉdｅnts

______

if

tｈey

ｈad

beeｎ

weａrｉng

seat

belt.Ａ.

would

hａve

been

ｓavｅdB.

ｃouｌd

havｅ

ｂeen

savｅdＣ.

shoｕｌd

ｈave

beｅn

savｅdD.

ｍiｇht

ｈavｅ

beeｎ

saｖed39.

Tｈe

preｓsｕｒｅ

of

a

gas

plays

______

ｉmpｏrtant

a

part

tｈａn

thaｔ

of

a

liｑｕid．A．

nｏ

lessＢ.

none

ｌｅssC．

none

thｅ

leｓsＤ.

not

ｔｈe

leｓs40.

Mａny

ａ

ｔiｍｅ

＿___＿_

mｅ

good

advicｅ,

bｕt

I

reｆｕsed

to

foｌloｗ

it．A.

mｙ

teａcher

hａs

ｇiveｎB.

hａs

my

ｔeａcｈer

giｖenC.

ｍｙ

tｅachｅr

haｄ

givｅnD．

haｄ

my

ｔeacｈer

givenＳectiｏｎ

III:

Cloｚｅ

(5

ｐｏinｔs）Ｄirectｉons:

For

each

nｕmｂｅred

ｂｌank

iｎ

thｅ

followiｎg

pasｓagｅ,

therｅ

aｒｅ

fouｒ

choices

marked

A，

B,

C,

and

D.

Cｈoose

the

besｔ

one

and

mａｒk

ｙｏｕr

answer

oｎ

the

ＡＮＳWER

SHEET

１.Enerｇy

equａls

mａsｓ

tiｍes

the

speed

of

light

ｓquarｅd.

This

ｉｓ

ｔhｅ

fａmｏuｓ

ｅｑｕation

ｏf

Alberｔ

Eｉｎsteｉn．

It

41

to

the

cａtegory

ｏf

the

theoｒｙ

oｆ

ｒeｌaｔｉvity,

ａnd

it

equates

eｎerｇy

with

maｓs.

Aｌl

ｔhｉngs

are

ｍade

ｕｐ

of

atomｓ.

Wheｎ

42

oｆ

ａｎ

ａtｏm

ｔrａveｌs

ａt

ａlｍost

ｔｈe

ｓpｅed

of

ｌigｈt,

aｎd

we

put

moｒe

ｅneｒgy

inｔo

it

ｔo

43

tｈe

speeｄ，

ｉt

bｅgiｎs

ｔｏ

increase

in

mass.

Ｔhe

eｎergy

that

ｍakeｓ

it

traveｌ

ｆasｔ

cａｎｎot

ｍａke

it

trａvel

beｙｏｎd

tｈｅ

spｅｅｄ

of

ｌigｈt—ｎoｔｈing

44

lｉght

ｃａn

ｔｒaveｌ

thaｔ

fast—ｓｏ

the

energy

gｏes

ｉnto

the

thing

iｔｓelf

and

incｒｅaｓes

ｉts

ｍａss.

Enｅrgy

４５

inｔo

masｓ.Why

is

the

thｅory

called

tｈe

tｈeoｒy

of

relativity?

A

ｔhing

thａｔ

is

reｌａtive

ｄeｐｅｎds

upoｎ

soｍethiｎg

ｅlse

to

identiｆy

ｉt

or

to

dｅfinｅ

iｔ.

In

ｒelａtivｉtｙ

ｔheorｙ

ｗe

iｄenｔify

oｒ

definｅ

mass,

time,

and

lｅngth

４6

to

thｅ

sｐeｅd

of

lｉght.Wheｎ

somethinｇ

is

at

resｔ,

ｉt

lookｓ

oｒdinaｒｙ

in

length.

Hoｗｅver，

whｅn

it

tｒavｅls

at

ａlmost

ｔｈe

speeｄ

of

ligｈt，

it

ｂecomeｓ

４7

.

Time

also

changes.

Hｏwever，

ｔhe

change

iｎ

tiｍｅ

ｉs

４８

to

the

chaｎge

ｉn

length.

Tｈe

ｌength

of

a

thing

becomeｓ

ｓhorｔ

but

tｉme

becｏmes

ｌong.

Ｉf

you

wａnt

tｏ

49

ｙouｎg，

relatｉve

to

a

frｉend,

taｋe

a

ｔriｏ

in

a

spaｃesｈｉｐ

tｈaｔ

tｒavelｓ

aｔ

almost

the

ｓｐｅeｄ

oｆ

lｉgｈt．

And，

aｌthough

ｔime

and

hearｔbeaｔ

50

ｏrdｉnａry

to

yｏu

ｉn

tｈe

spaceship,

ｗhen

you

return,

lｏok

at

your

frｉend:

Ｒelative

ｔo

you,

he

or

she

is

old.４１.

A.

ｐreferｓＢ.

relatesC.

beｌoｎｇsD.

adheres42.

A.

ｐartＢ.

formC.

ｐｏrtｉonＤ．

frａction43．

A．

inｃreaseB.

reduceＣ.

ｄecreaseD．

shｒink４4.

A．

thatＢ.

whichC.

bｕｔD.

thus45.

Ａ.

cｈangeｓB.

beｃomesC．

shifｔsＤ．

tｕrns46.

Ａ.

relａtｅdB.

relationC.

relativｅＤ.

relａtｉoｎｓhip4７.

A.

lｏｗ

B.

ｓhortC．

wｉdeD.

lonｇ４８.

Ａ.

equalB.

simiｌarC.

opposiｔeD.

ｓｕbｊect49.

A.

keepB.

staｙC.

remainD．

reseｒve50.

A.

tａkｅB.

shoｗＣ.

apｐeａｒＤ.

seｅmＳectｉon

IＶ:

Readiｎg

Comｐreｈenｓｉon

(４0

ｐoiｎts)Part

AＤｉrectｉｏnｓ：

There

are

4

pasｓaｇｅs

in

this

pａrt．

Ｅａch

pａssａｇe

is

follｏwed

by

sｏmｅ

queｓtiｏｎs

ｏr

ｕnfｉnｉshed

ｓtaｔemenｔs.

Ｆor

each

ｏf

tｈem

theｒe

aｒｅ

for

choiｃes

maｒked

A,

Ｂ,

Ｃ,

ａnｄ

D.

You

ｓｈould

ｄecidｅ

on

the

best

choice

aｎd

ｂlacken

the

cｏｒｒeｓpoｎding

letteｒ

on

the

ＡNSWER

SHEET

1

wｉth

ａ

penｃｉl.Quesｔiｏns

51

to

5４

are

bａsｅd

ｏn

the

foｌlowing

ｐasｓaｇe：Riｃh

ｏr

pｏｏr,

ｗｅ

alｌ

hａve

proｂlｅmｓ:

thａt

unfaithｆｕl

mate,

thａｔ

irritating

cｏlｌｅague,

thａｔ

persｉstent

disease,

ｔhe

inｖestment

that

is

ｔurning

into

ａ

hｕｇｅ

loss.How

do

we

rｅmain

caｌm,

ｐoｓiｔive

and

eｖｅｎ

elｅｇａnｔ

ｉn

the

facｅ

of

alｌ

theｓe

diffｉcultｉes

ｏf

lifｅ

?Thｅ

followiｎg

sｕgｇestioｎｓ

mａｙ

help.It

comｅs

ｗitｈ

the

ｐay.

I

havｅ

a

fｒｉｅnd

ｗｈｏ

ｕｓed

tｏ

complaiｎ

aｂｏuｔ

hｅr

dead-end

job

anｄ

unreasonablｅ

boｓs.

Sｏｕnd

ｆａmiliar?

Ｏｎe

day

I

told

ｈｅr，

“Lｏｏk

at

ｉt

this

ｗａy.

Ｙou

are

gｅtｔｉｎｇ

paｉd

for

ｔhe

annoyaｎｃe

as

welｌ

aｓ

tｈｅ

work.

It

coｍｅｓ

ｗitｈ

thｅ

paｙ.”This

has

bｅcｏme

my

favｏriｔｅ

sayiｎg

fｏr

work-rｅlated

ｆｒｕstrations.

“Ｔａkｅ

eｖeｒy

day

ａs

a

bonus.”

Wｈeｎ

we

ｌｅａrｎ

ｔｏ

trｅasure

every

ｍoｍenｔ

oｆ

whaｔ

we

hａve,

we

ｂeｇｉn

to

seｅ

lｉｆe

ｉn

ａ

wｈoｌｅ

nｅw

perｓpｅctive．It’ｓ

ａll

in

the

mｉnd.

Sure，

tｈｅ

ｐsycholｏｇisｔs

tｅll

us

ｉt

is

imｐoｒｔant

we

woｒk

ａt

reｓolving

problems.

But

they

also

say

if

yｏu

tｒy

to

ｒｅｓolve

ａ

ｐrｏｂｌem

thａt

woｕld

nｏt

go

ａway,

ｉｔ

wouｌｄ

ｏnlｙ

cｏmｐouｎd

thｅ

fruｓtｒatｉon．If

yｏu

tell

ｙoｕrseｌf

ｔhere

isn’t

a

ｐrobｌｅm,

theｒe

ｗoｎ’ｔ

be

onｅ.

Ｉt’s

all

in

tｈe

ｍｉnd.Stoｐ

thiｎking

aｂouｔ

youｒ

own

proｂｌem—hｅlp

ｏtheｒs

insteaｄ.

A

lady

wｈo

is

combａｔing

ａ

life－thｒｅateｎing

disｅase

revealed

she

cｏpｅd

with

her

illｎeｓｓ

by

making

heｒsｅｌｆ

uｓｅｆuｌ,

by

ofｆeｒiｎｇ

helｐ

to

oｔhers

ｉｎ

a

ｓｉmilａr

sｉtｕatiｏn.She

has

ｓｐｏkeｎ

to

at

lｅast

ｆivｅ

other

woｍen

wiｔh

breast

cａncer．

She

says

that

the

sharing

has

hｅｌｐed

ｈer

to

fiｎd

fresｈ

mｅaning

in

her

own

ｌｉfe.Ｎｅveｒ

gｉve

up

oｎ

ｙoｕr

dreａm.

Ｗhy

do

we

give

in

and

givｅ

up

wheｎ

we

ｍeet

diｆficuｌties?

Is

it

bｅcaｕse

wｅ

ｈaｖｅ

no

confｉｄeｎｃe

ｉn

our

cａｕse

and

no

comｍiｔment

ｆoｒ

what

we

pｕrsue？Ｉt

was

sａiｄ

tｈaｔ

Albert

Einｓteiｎ’ｓ

lａｓt

ｒeｑuｅst

oｎ

hｉs

dｅath

ｂed

was

to

be

giveｎ

hiｓ

eｑuations

ａnｄ

ｈis

uｎfｉnisheｄ

sｔateｍent

declining

the

preｓidｅnｃy

ｏf

Ｉsrａel.Eiｎstein

ｆirst

ｐicｋed

up

his

equａtions

anｄ

lameｎteｄ

to

hｉs

son,

“If

ｏｎly

I

had

mｏｒe

ｍathｅmaｔics!”

Whaｔ

a

grｅaｔ

pｅrsistent

sｐiriｔ!Ｏne

ｓtroｎg-ｈeａrted

lady

wａs

tｈe

lａtｅ

ｈead

oｆ

ｔhe

tｒａｇic

Kennedｙ

fａmily,

Rｏse

Keｎnｅdｙ.

Shｅ

saｉd

this

on

nationｗiｄｅ

teｌｅvｉｓｉｏn

one

weｅk

aｆｔｅｒ

losing

yeｔ

anothｅｒ

soｎ

to

an

aｓsａｓｓin’ｓ

bｕlｌet—Bｏddy

Ｋenneｄｙ:

“Aｎd

ｗe

go

ｏn

our

way

wｉth

no

regｒets

not

ｌookinｇ

backwards

to

tｈｅ

ｐaｓｔ，

buｔ

we

sｈalｌ

carrｙ

on

witｈ

courage.”Ｎｏt

the

end

of

tｈe

woｒld.

Do

you

knｏw

sｏmｅtｈing

else?

I’ｖe

leaｒｎeｄ

that

ｃare

as

ｙｏu

ｍiｇht,

lｏvｅ

as

yoｕ

might,

somｅ

ｐeople

just

ｄｏn’t

carｅ

baｃk.Ａｎd

ｉt’s

not

the

ｅｎd

of

ｔhe

world.

Aftｅｒ

aｌl，

it’s

nｏt

tｈｅ

eveｎt

that

makes

ａ

persｏn,

ｉs

it?

Ｉｔ’s

whaｔ

ｗe

do

about

that

hａppｅｎｓ

to

us.51.

Ｔhe

aｐprｏｐrｉate

ｔitle

ｆor

tｈｅ

ｐasｓagｅ

might

be

______.A.

How

to

Fａｃe

Prｏblemｓ.Ｂ.

How

ｔo

Resｏlve

Prｏbｌems.C.

How

to

Ｈold

ｏn

to

Yoｕr

Ｄｒeam.

Ｄ．

Hｏｗ

ｔo

Reｍain

Cｈeerｆul．5２.

“Ｔake

everｙ

day

as

a

ｂonｕs”

（Ｐarａ.

5)

is

most

liｋelｙ

ｔo

mｅan

___＿＿_．A．

we

sｈould

see

life

ｆｒｏm

a

new

perｓpecｔｉveB.

we

sｈould

ｔｒeaｓｕre

eｖery

day

in

oｕｒ

lｉｆeＣ.

we

sｈould

ｒegaｒd

eｖery

daｙ

as

thｅ

last

ｄay

ｉn

our

lｉfeＤ.

ｗｅ

shouｌd

enｊoy

ourseｌves

eｖery

ｄａy５３.

Which

of

ｔhe

foｌlｏwing

iｓ

NＯT

ｍenｔioｎed

by

the

authｏr?A.

We

shoｕｌｄ

not

be

ｏvｅrwheｌmed

by

problems

in

oｕｒ

ｌife.B.

Ｗｅ

can

ｌｅａｒn

to

ｓee

lｉfe

from

a

fｒesh

light．C.

We

shouｌd

havｅ

cｏnfｉｄence

iｎ

ouｒ

cauｓe

so

that

ｗe

won’t

gｉve

ｉｎ

easiｌｙ.D.

Helpinｇ

otｈers

will

make

it

eａsier

for

us

to

solvｅ

our

ｏwn

difficulｔｉes.５4.

Ｔhｅ

ａuthｏr

seｅms

noｔ

tｏ

beliｅve

that

＿_____.A．

everyｏne

livｉｎg

in

tｈis

woｒｌd,

poｏr

ｏｒ

ricｈ，

hａs

soｍe

pｒoblemsＢ.

we

should

not

giｖｅ

iｎ

aｎd

giｖｅ

up

in

thｅ

faｃe

of

diｆfiｃuｌtｉeｓC.

we

mｕst

wｏｒk

hａrd

at

solving

some

probｌｅms

whｉcｈ

caｎ’ｔ

be

solvｅｄ

easilyD.

wｅ

shｏuld

ｒｅmaｉｎ

ｃalm

aｎｄ

pｏsiｔｉvｅ

wｈen

cｏnｆｒoｎteｄ

ｗith

problｅｍsQuestioｎｓ

55

to

58

are

based

oｎ

thｅ

foｌｌowing

pａssage：Most

of

aｌl,

Ameｒicａ

is

ｉnescaｐａble.

It

is

the

world’s

900－ｐｏｕｎｄ

gorillａ：

basicaｌlｙ

amｉaｂlｅ

anｄ

well－meaning,

cｒｕsｈｉｎg

tｈroｕgｈ

tｈe

underbrｕsh,

ｄｏmiｎating

ｔｈe

laｎdscape,

alteｒing

ｔhe

scenery,

iｍｐossible

eｉther

to

ｓhoo

away

or

ignore.

Ｉｔs

fａdｓ,

faｓhions,

fｏｌｋ-wayｓ

and

fａst

ｆood

sweep

aｒoｕnd

tｈe

glｏbe;

iｔs

ｂranｄｉｓｈiｎg

of

ｍiｓsｉlｅs

ｓcarｅs

eveｎ

itｓ

allｉｅs.

Iｔ

is

ａ

sｔandard

for

tｈe

wｏrｌd’s

successes

ａｎd

a

scapegoat

fｏr

the

world’s

ｆaｉlｕreｓ．Ｔhere

haｓ

ａlwａys

beeｎ

ambivａlｅnce

aboｕt

thｅ

Unitｅd

Ｓｔaｔeｓ.

Throughｏut

thｅ

countｒy’s

meteoｒiｃ

ｈistｏrｙ,

peｏple

have

ａｄmireｄ

its

eneｒｇy，

ｒiｃｈes

ａｎd

oｐｐorｔunity—and

envied

and

rｅｓeｎteｄ

itｓ

ｐower

and

sucｃeｓs.

Ｓince

Woｒld

War

II，

howｅｖer，

thaｔ

ambiｖalence

hａs

become

ｅven

ｍoｒe

proｎouｎced，

and

ｔoday

ｔhe

world

sees

America

as

a

ｃurious

pａradox：

a

coｕｎtry

ｗhｏse

mｉlitary,

diplomaｔic

anｄ

econｏmic

prｅstigｅ

hａs

been

ｗａnｉng

iｎ

a

period

when

its

cｕltuｒaｌ

infｌuence

has

nevｅr

bｅeｎ

ｓtroｎgeｒ.

The

jarｒing

ｄiｓcorｄancｅ

in

feelｉｎgｓ

aｂoｕt

Amerｉcan

ｐolitics

and

culture

tａkes

some

ｏｄｄ

ａnｄ

comic

ｆorms：

on

Nｉcarａgua’s

state-ｒuｎ

tｅlevｉsion

netｗork,

ｆor

iｎsｔanｃe,

Amerｉcan

pｒｏgramｓ

ｌｉkｅ

“Barnａby

Jｏｎes”

arｅ

inｔｅｒspｅrsed

wiｔh

“commｅrｃials”

ｄeｍonstratｉng

ｈow

to

throｗ

ｇreｎades

in

tｈe

event

of

Yaｎkee

iｎvａsｉon．The

ｋey

diｓtｉnｃｔiｏn

ｉｓ

sｉｍply

betwｅｅn

ｔhｅ

Ａmｅrican

pｅoｐle—who

are

seen

as

warm，

fｒiｅndlｙ

and

ｉngenuous—and

the

U．Ｓ.

ｇovernment.

That

was

uｎｄerlinｅd

in

a

pｏll

conducｔｅｄ

fｏr

Neｗsｗeｅｋ

International

in

six

ｃountries

arｏuｎd

the

wｏｒld.

Iｎ

the

cｏuntries

surｖeyｅd—Frａnce，

Japaｎ，

Great

Britain，

Wesｔ

Germany,

Braｚil

ａnd

Mexico—ｍost

reｓpｏndents

expressed

aｐpｒovａｌ

for

thｅ

Ａｍerｉcaｎ

peopｌe,

buｔ

a

pluraliｔy

said

tｈey

disaｐproved

ｏf

U．S.

goｖernmｅnt

poｌicy.

Moreover,

tｈe

ｐoll

found

ｐeoｐle

ｉnｃliｎｅd

tｏ

thｉnｋ

that

a

stｒong

American

miliｔary

ｐｒｅｓeｎｃe

ｉncreases

the

chances

ｆｏr

ｗar

insteａd

ｏf

sａfeｇuａrding

peace．

Thａt

fiｎdｉng

reprｅsｅnｔｓ

ａ

sigｎiｆicant

cｈａngｅ

ｆrｏm

the

early

ｐostwａr

yeaｒs：

a

ｓimｉlar

ｓurveｙ

taｋeｎ

bｙ

tｈe

Ｕ.S．

Informatiｏｎ

Ａgency

in

the

early

fiftｉes

ｓｈoｗed

bｒoａｄ

ａpproｖal

foｒ

tｈe

rｏle

ｏf

Ａmｅｒiｃan

tｒoｏps.

Ａmerican

influence

in

the

world

ｉｓ

sｅen

as

acｔｕallｙ

increasｉｎg—a

percepｔioｎ

ｔｈａｔ

maｙ

be

due

ｌａｒgelｙ

to

the

ｓtrong

ｉｍpact

Aｍericａ

hａs

on

movies,

ｔeｌｅvｉｓioｎ

ａnd

ｍuｓｉc

ａround

the

woｒld.Ｓｏme

ｉｍagｅｓ

of

Aｍeｒica

reｍain

coｎstant.

The

Ｕｎited

Ｓtａtes

iｓ

stilｌ

rｅgａrdｅd

as

ａ

ｃountry

ｏｆ

ｇｒｅat

affluence

ｔhat

rｅwaｒｄs

initｉａtｉve

ａnd

induｓｔｒｉousnｅss,

a

plaｃe

wheｒｅ

educatｉonal

bacｋgrｏunｄ

and

socｉal

ｃlａss

ａrｅ

not

barriｅrs

ｔｏ

suｃcesｓ.

Ｔｈe

Iｔaliａｎ

slａｎg

fｏr

sｔrｉking

ｉt

rich

or

lｕcky

iｓ

“ha

ｔrovato

l’aｍerica”—“hｅ

found

Amｅｒica”;

the

Chinese

ｈave

ｎｏ

worｄ

ｆor

America

otｈer

than

ｍｅi

guo—the

ｂｅautiful

ｃouｎtｒy．

“My

students

sｅe

Ameriｃa

aｓ

ａ

lａｎｄ

oｆ

sｏcial

ｍobｉlity

and

sｅｌf-mａde

men,”

says

Pｒof.

Ｄａｖiｄ

Adaｍs,

ｈｅaｄ

ｏf

tｈe

Ａmｅrｉcan

Stｕdｉes

Ｄｅｐａrtmｅnt

aｔ

Bｒitaiｎ’s

Ｕｎiversiｔy

of

Kｅｅle.

“Ronald

Ｒｅagan

is

tｈe

nｏｒm,

ｎot

the

excｅpｔion.”55.

Acｃorｄiｎg

to

the

paｓsａge,

Amｅrica

should

not

bｅ

ｎｅｇleｃteｄ

bｅcaｕse

___＿__.A.

Americaｎ

peｏpｌe

are

vｅry

kinｄ

and

friｅndlyB.

Americａ

iｎfluenｃes

the

ｗorld

ｉn

mａnｙ

aspecｔsC.

Ameｒiｃa’s

mｉｌitａrｙ

forcｅ

ｉs

domiｎatiｎg

tｈe

worlｄD．

America

is

the

standaｒｄ

fｏｒ

thｅ

ｗｏrlｄ’s

ｓuccess56．

Ｔｈe

wｏｒd

“ambｉvａlence”

(Para.

2

）

most

prｏbably

means

______．A.

the

Ａｍerican

pａｒａｄoｘ

B.

ａnger

anｄ

ｊeaｌｏusyＣ.

ｍiｘed

ｆeｅｌings

of

love

and

ｈatred

Ｄ.

adｍiraｔiｏn

ａnd

dｉｓpleａｓure５7.

Ｗhｉｃh

of

the

folｌowiｎg

ｉs

NOＴ

ｔｒue

oｆ

the

ｐolｌ

coｎｄucted

foｒ

Newsweek

Inteｒnationaｌ?A.

It

ｓhows

that

most

reｓpondeｎtｓ

ｍａｄe

a

ｄｉstｉnｃtion

ｂetween

thｅ

Aｍeriｃan

people

ａnd

tｈe

Ｕ.S．

goｖｅrｎmｅｎt.B.

Iｔ

ｓhows

that

many

pｅople

ｄisａpproｖe

of

a

stｒong

Amｅricaｎ

miｌitary

prｅsenｃｅ．C.

It

shows

thaｔ

most

ｒespｏndenｔs

rｅgａｒd

the

Ａmerican

peｏplｅ

as

warm，

friｅｎdly

aｎd

ｆｒank．D.

It

shows

ｔhａt

Reaｇaｎ

iｓ

reｇaｒded

as

a

cｏmｍｏn

ｐrｅsident,

noｔ

exｃeptｉonａllｙ

outsｔａnding.5８.

Ａｃｃorｄing

to

ｔhｅ

authｏr,

all

the

folｌｏwing

stａtｅmｅnｔs

arｅ

true

EXCEPT

that

_＿＿___.A.

ｐｅopｌｅ

in

tｈe

world

bｌame

Ａmerｉca

for

the

world’s

ｆａiｌurｅsB．

there

hａs

beeｎ

ａ

chａnge

ｉｎ

peｏple’s

ｆeeliｎg

ｔowａrds

Ｕ.Ｓ

mｉlitary

preseｎｃe

sinｃe

World

War

ＩＩC.

Ａmerican

miliｔａｒy，

dｉpｌoｍatic

and

economic

prestiｇｅ

haｓ

groｗn

toｇｅther

ｗith

ｉts

ｃｕlturａl

ｉnfluenｃeD.

ｐeople

aｄmirｅ

America

ｆｏr

iｔs

ｅnｅrgy,

riｃｈes

aｎd

ｏpｐoｒtunｉtiesＱｕeｓtioｎs

59

to

6２

arｅ

bａsｅd

ｏn

thｅ

fｏllｏwing

paｓsaｇe:Inｃreasｉngly,

oｖer

the

past

ｔｅn

ｙｅａrs,

ｐｅｏplｅ—ｅspeｃially

yｏunｇ

pｅｏple—ｈａｖe

beｃome

aｗare

of

thｅ

need

ｔo

ｃｈangｅ

their

eating

habｉts，

becaｕse

ｍuｃh

of

the

food

tｈey

eat,

pａｒticularly

chｅmical

ｆooｄs,

is

not

ｇｏod

foｒ

tｈe

health.

Conseqｕenｔlｙ,

there

haｓ

been

a

gｒｏｗｉng

ｉｎteｒest

ｉｎ

natuｒal

ｆｏｏds:

ｆoods

wｈｉch

dｏ

noｔ

ｃontain

cｈｅmicａl

aｄdｉtiveｓ

anｄ

whiｃh

haｖe

ｎot

ｂeeｎ

afｆｅcteｄ

by

cｈemicaｌ

fertｉlizｅrs,

widely

ｕsed

in

farminｇ

ｔoｄay.Natuｒaｌ

foｏdｓ,

for

example,

arｅ

vｅｇeｔａbles,

fｒｕｉts

anｄ

grainｓ

which

havｅ

bｅｅn

gｒｏｗｎ

in

soｉl

that

is

rich

in

orgａｎｉc

mａtｔer．

In

simｐle

tｅrmｓ，

this

mｅａｎｓ

that

ｔｈｅ

soil

has

ｂｅen

nouｒｉｓhed

by

unused

ｖegeｔable

matters，

which

pｒoｖides

iｔ

ｗitｈ

esseｎtial

vitａmins

ａnd

mｉneralｓ．

Tｈis

in

iｔｓelｆ

is

a

ｎaｔural

procｅss

ｃomｐared

with

the

use

of

ｃhemiｃals

and

ferｔｉliｚers,

ｔhｅ

mａin

puｒｐose

of

ｗhich

ｉｓ

ｔo

inｃreasｅ

thｅ

ａmouｎt—bｕt

noｔ

ｔhe

quality—of

foodｓ

grown

in

cｏmmeｒｃiaｌ

farｍiｎg

arｅas．Ｎatural

foｏds

also

iｎcｌude

aｎｉmals

whｉcｈ

haｖe

ｂeｅn

aｌｌｏwed

tｏ

feed

ａnｄ

move

freｅly

iｎ

healｔｈy

pasturｅs．

Coｍparｅ

this

witｈ

wｈaｔ

hａppens

in

the

ｍａss

ｐrｏduction

oｆ

ｐoultｒy:

ｔheｒe

ａre

ｂａtterｙ

farmｓ,

for

exａmple,

ｗhｅre

thousandｓ

of

chicｋeｎs

ｌｉｖe

crowded

togeｔher

iｎ

one

buｉｌｄinｇ

anｄ

ａre

fed

ｏn

foｏd

wｈich

is

little

ｂeｔｔer

than

rｕbbish．

Ｃhickｅns

kept

in

this

ｗay

are

not

ｏnly

taｓteless

ａｓ

fｏod;

they

also

pｒoduｃe

eｇｇs

whicｈ

lａcｋ

imporｔant

ｖitaminｓ.There

aｒe

ｏthｅr

ａｓpects

of

hｅalｔhｙ

eating

wｈｉｃh

aｒｅ

now

reｃeｉviｎg

ｉncreasｉng

attention

from

experts

on

ｄiｅt.

Take,

for

exampｌe，

ｔhｅ

quｅｓｔion

oｆ

sugar．

Tｈis

is

actuallｙ

a

nｏｎ-ｅsseｎtial

fooｄ!

Althouｇh

a

naｔｕrａｌ

ａlｔernaｔive,

ｓuch

aｓ

honey,

can

bｅ

ｕsｅd

to

sｗｅeｔｅn

fooｄ

if

ｔｈis

is

neｃeｓsary,

wｅ

can

in

fact

do

wｉthout

ｉt.

It

is

not

that

ｓugaｒ

is

harｍｆuｌ

ｉn

ｉtseｌf.

But

it

doｅｓ

seｅｍ

to

be

aｎ

addiｔｉve:

thｅ

ｑuａntｉty

ｗｅ

ｕse

has

ｇrown

ｓteａdily

ovｅr

ｔhe

lasｔ

tｗo

centｕries

anｄ

in

Britain

todaｙ

eａcｈ

perｓon

coｎsumeｓ

aｎ

ａｖeraｇｅ

ｏf

2０0

pounｄs

a

ｙeaｒ！

Ｙet

aｌｌ

it

ｄoes

is

providｅ

us

with

ｅｎergy，

in

the

form

of

cａloriｅs．

Thｅre

aｒe

no

vｉtａmins

in

ｉｔ，

no

ｍinｅｒaｌs

and

no

ｆibeｒ.Ｉt

ｉs

sｉgnificant

ｔｈａt

nowadays

ｆｉber

is

ｃonsiderｅd

ｔo

ｂe

an

ｉmportaｎt

parｔ

of

a

hｅalｔhy

diｅt.

Iｎ

ｗhｉｔe

bread，

for

eｘampｌe,

ｔhe

fibｅr

hａｓ

been

rｅｍｏｖeｄ.

But

iｔ

is

prｅsｅｎt

in

ｕｎrefined

flouｒ

and

ｏｆ

ｃourse

ｉn

ｖeｇｅtaｂles．

It

ｉs

inteｒestiｎg

to

note

tｈat

iｎ

couｎｔries

ｗhere

tｈe

naｔioｎaｌ

dieｔ

cｏｎｔａｉｎｓ

ｌaｒｇｅ

quantｉtｉes

oｆ

unreｆined

ｆloｕｒ

and

vegetablｅs，

cｅｒｔain

disｅａses

aｒｅ

coｍｐａraｔivｅly

rare.

Heｎｃe

the

emphａsiｓ

pｌaced

oｎ

ｔｈe

eatinｇ

oｆ

wholｅ

ｍeal

brｅad

ａnd

more

vegｅtａbles

by

moｄern

ｅxperts

ｏn

healthy

eａting．59.

Reｃeｎtｌy,

ｓｏｍe

peｏpｌe

aｒe

intereｓｔed

ｉn

naｔural

ｆoｏds

because

_＿___＿.A.

naturａｌ

ｆｏods

ａre

fｒｅsｈ

and

ｃheaｐB.

they

don’t

likｅ

ｐrocesseｄ

fooｄsC.

they

wanｔ

to

chａｎｇe

thｅｉr

eatｉｎg

ｈａbitsD．

ｔheｓｅ

foods

contain

more

vitamins,

ｍinerａlｓ

ａnd

fiber

eｔｃ．６0．

Acｃorｄｉｎg

to

thｅ

paｓsａge，

to

use

cheｍicａls

anｄ

ferｔｉlizers

ｍeans

_____＿.Ａ.

to

ｉncreａｓe

the

amount

of

fｏoｄsB．

ｔo

inｃｒease

thｅ

ｑualiｔy

ｏf

foｏｄsC．

tｏ

increaｓe

the

amouｎt

and

qｕality

of

fｏｏdsＤ.

to

inｃｒease

essentiａｌ

viｔamｉns

ａnd

minerals61.

It

can

bｅ

inferreｄ

ｆｒｏm

tｈe

ｐａｓsage

thaｔ

＿_____.A.

peopｌｅ

ｗiｌl

no

longer

ｅat

thｏse

foods

cｏntａining

chemical

addｉtiｖｅsB.

peｏple

ｗill

not

neceｓsａrily

ｄo

exerｃｉses

in

the

future

if

ｔhｅy

ｅat

naturａl

foodsC.

nａturａl

foods

ｗill

find

ａ

good

mａrｋeｔ

iｎ

ｔhe

futuｒeD．

certaiｎ

dｉseaｓes

ｗｉｌｌ

ｎｅver

befａll

peｏpｌe

who

eａt

natｕral

ｆｏods62.

What’s

ｔhe

best

ｔiｔle

ｆor

tｈis

ｐａssage?A．

Eａｔｉng

Habits

Ａre

Chaｎgｉng.B.

Ｈealthy

Eatiｎg.C.

Natural

Fｏod

anｄ

Chemicａl

Ａdditiｖｅs.D．

How

ｔo

Go

ｏｎ

a

Dieｔ.Questｉoｎｓ

6３

to

65

are

based

on

tｈe

ｆollowing

paｓsａge:Manｙ

ｓtray

ｄogs

and

caｔs

waｎdｅr

thｅ

streｅtｓ

of

cｉtｉｅs.

Uｓuａlly

they

eｎｄ

uｐ

in

animal

sｈeｌterｓ,

ｗheｒe

staffｓ

must

fｉnd

waｙs

to

dispｏse

ｏf

ｔhem.

One

leｇｉtｉmaｔe

dｉｓpoｓal

rｏｕtｅ

has

ｂeen

thｅ

reｓｅarch

laboraｔorｙ.

But

ｉn

Caｌifornia,

animal

ｒiｇhts

ｇroｕpｓ

ｒｅcently

hａve

ｂｅｅn

lｅaning

haｒd

oｎ

anｉmaｌ

ｓhelｔers,

eｆｆeｃtｉｖely

cuｔting

off

ｍuch

of

thｅ

ｓupply．Aｂout

3０

yeaｒs

ago,

Los

Angeles

ｖotｅrs

soundly

defeated

a

propｏsａl

to

prｏhiｂit

the

relｅａse

of

animａｌs

for

ｌａborａtorｙ

use.

Ｂｕt

today,

ｗith

nｅw

proposals

ｂeiｎg

ｓubmiｔtｅd

to

city

ｃｏuｎciｌs

ａnd

cｏｕnty

ｂoａrds,

tｈe

resuｌts

ｃouｌd

ｗell

ｂe

difｆereｎt.

And

ｔhｅ

ｎeｗ

prｏposals

are

mucｈ

more

ｓweｅpiｎg.

Tｈeｙ

woulｄ

create

revｉew

ｂoardｓ

for

ａll

ａnimａl

expｅｒimentａtiｏn.

A

grｏｕp

of

Caｌｉfornia

ｉｎvｅｓｔigａｔors

eｖｅn

have

ｏrganｉzed

ａ

comｍｉttｅe

ｆor

animａｌ

research

in

medicine.“Mosｔ

ｓcientisｔs

ｄon’t

rｅaｌｉze

ｔｈｅ

dangｅｒ,”

says

Cａltech

neurobiologｉｓt

Jｏhn

M．

Allｍan，

who

ｕses

ｍonkｅｙs

ｔo

sｔｕｄｙ

ｔｈｅ

oｒgａnization

oｆ

tｈe

braｉn．

“Such

movemｅnｔs

iｎ

the

pasｔ—ｉn

ｔhis

cｏuｎｔry,

aｔ

lｅａst—have

laｒgely

been

ｔhe

ｅfｆorts

of

smａｌｌ，

fraｇmented

ａnd

reｌatively

inｅffectivｅ

ｇrouｐｓ.

But

this

ｎew

ｍoｖemeｎt

is

caｒｅfullｙ

orcｈeｓtrated，

well

ｏｒｇanized，

ａnd

ｗell

ｆinanceｄ．

Ｉt

ｉs

ｅasy

tｏ

lｏｏk

at

thｅ

hiｓｔｏrｙ

of

aｎimal

eｘpeｒiｍｅntatｉｏn

ａnd

compilｅ

a

catalog

ｏｆ

hoｒroｒｓ.

Ｂut

ｔhe

day

iｓ

lonｇ

past

when

a

reseａrcｈer

can

take

ａｎy

animａｌ

ａnd

do

aｎyｔhing

he

ｐleaｓes

to

it

wｉｔh

a

tｏtａl

disregarｄ

ｆｏr

its

weｌfare

anｄ

comfｏrt.

Ｐｅｏpｌe

dｏｎ’t

realiｚｅ,”

says

Aｌlmaｎ，

“ｔｈaｔ

we

are

aｌrｅaｄｙ

eｘtenｓiｖely

reviewed.

In

ｍy

wｏrｋ

I

must

fｏｌlow

the

ethical

codｅs

laｉd

down

bｙ

tｈe

Nａtional

Instituｔes

ｏf

Health

and

the

Ａmeｒicａn

Physioloｇiｃaｌ

Sｏciety,

among

ｏthers．

Ａnd

wｅ

ｍight

ｈavｅ

a

sｕrprｉse

vｉsit

at

aｎｙ

tｉmｅ

from

thｅ

U.S.

Dｅpaｒtmｅｎt

oｆ

Agｒicuｌtuｒｅ’s

ｉｎspeｃtorｓ．

Ｉt’s

the

UＳDＡ

ｆiｅld

vｅteｒｉnａｒｉans

ｗho

do

tｈｅ

ｅnforcing.

Believe

mｅ,

ｔhese

ｉnspectionｓ

are

ａnythinｇ,

ｂuｔ

routiｎe,

and

tｈese

fellｏws

have

ａ

grｅat

dｅaｌ

of

powｅｒ．

Becaｕsｅ

tｈeｉr

reports

caｎ

aｄversｅly

affecｔ

feｄerａl

funding,

ｔheir

rｅcommenｄations

aｒe,

iｎ

ｒeａlｉtｙ,

ordｅrs．”It

ｉｓ

impｏrtａｎt

ｔhat

ｔhｅ

aｎｉmal

rights

advｏｃａtes

dｏ

not

imｐose

theｉr

sｏluｔionｓ

on

ｓｏｃieｔy.

It

ｗｏuld

be

tｒａgic

indeｅｄ—whｅn

medical

sciｅnｃｅ

iｓ

cｌose

ｔo

ｌeａrｎing

so

ｍuch

moｒe

thaｔ

iｓ

very

ｕｓefｕl

to

ouｒ

health

ａnd

welfare—ｉf

alreadｙ

reguｌaｔion-burdened

and

buｄｇｅt-ｒestｒained

researchｅrｓ

wｅrｅ

fｕrther

hamｐｅrｅd?I

ｗｏnder

ａbout

tｈｏse

ｐurists

ｗhｏ

seek

tｏ

haｌt

all

ａnimal

expeｒimentａtion

ｏn

ｍｏraｌ

ｇrｏunds:

Do

tｈｅy

alｓｏ

reｆuse，

for

theｍselves

ａnd

otherｓ,

to

ａccept

anｙ

remedy—or

infｏｒｍａtｉｏn—that

gaiｎｅd

through

aｎiｍal

experimentａtion?

Aｎd

do

ｔhey

have

ｔｈｅ

ｒight

ｔo

mａｋe

sｕch

deciｓions

ｏn

beｈalf

oｆ

alｌ

ｔhe

paｔients

in

cancer

wards？63.

Acｃｏｒdｉng

tｏ

Ｐaｒa.

２,

whｉch

ｏf

thｅ

follｏｗiｎｇ

statements

ｉs

TRＵE?A．

Peｏｐle

ｉｎ

Los

Aｎgeles

voｔｅｄ

ａｇaiｎst

seｎｄing

animals

ｔｏ

labｏraｔory

30

years

ａｇo．B.

Peｏple

in

Lｏｓ

Ａngeｌes

votｅd

for

sendiｎg

aniｍals

to

aniｍal

ｓhelteｒｓ

30

yeaｒs

ago.C.

Nｏｗ

peoplｅ

in

Lｏs

Ａngeｌes

holｄ

ｔhe

sａme

attituｄes

ｔoward

the

laｂorａtoｒy

use

oｆ

ａnimals

ａｓ

３0

years

ａｇo.D.

The

attｉtudｅ

of

peｏple

in

Los

Angeles

tｏｗarｄ

the

ｌabｏraｔｏｒy

use

ｏf

aｎimalｓ

hａs

chａnｇeｄ

in

tｈe

ｐａｓt

3０

yearｓ.6４.

Ｉf

aｎimal

ｒiｇhｔｓ

advoｃates

ｒｅａlizｅ

their

idｅaｓ

on

ｔhe

experimeｎtaｔiｏn，

ｗhat

will

ｈapｐen?Ａ.

The

sｃientistｓ

arｅ

suｒe

ｔo

gain

more

researcｈ

ｒeｓｕltｓ.Ｂ.

Iｔ

maｙ

help

tｈｅ

scienｔistｓ

to

gａin

more

finａnｃial

ａid.C.

The

ｄevｅlｏpment

oｆ

medicａl

scｉeｎcｅ

ｍay

slow

down.D．

The

ｇoｖernmeｎｔ

maｙ

ｌｏosen

ｔheir

reguｌation

of

tｈe

experimenｔation．65．

What

ｉs

the

autｈoｒ’s

attｉｔudｅ

toｗards

people

who

opｐose

animal

experiｍentaｔｉｏn?A．

Supportiｖe．

B.

Ｏpｐｏnent.

C.

Indifferenｔ.

D.

Ｕnclｅar.Ｐart

ＢDirectioｎs：

Reａｄ

the

foｌｌowing

passage

carefully

aｎd

thｅn

giｖe

shｏｒt

answers

ｔo

ｔhe

ｆivｅ

ｑｕｅstions．

Ｗrite

yoｕｒ

answers

on

thｅ

ANSＷER

SHＥEＴ

２．Life

oｎ

earｔh

deｐendｓ

on

wａtｅr，

and

thｅre

ｉs

no

ｓubsｔitｕte

fｏｒ

it．

The

current

aｓsumptioｎ

ｉｓ

thaｔ

oｕr

baｓｉc

needs

fｏｒ

waｔer—wheｔher

ｆor

dｒinｋｉng，

agriculture，

iｎdustry

or

the

raｉsiｎg

of

fish

wiｌl

aｌwaｙs

ｈaｖe

to

bｅ

met.

Given

that

pｒeｍise，

therｅ

are

ｔｗo

bａsic

ｒｏutes

we

can

ｇo:

more

equitａｂle

aｃceｓs

tｏ

ｗater

or

ｍｏrｅ

drａstｉc

eｎｇinｅerinｇ

ｓｏｌｕtionｓ

(ｍoｒe

dams,

for

ｉnstance，

ｏr

ｍasｓiｖe

shiｆts

of

wａter

forｍ

Canada

to

tｈe

ｓｏuthｗestern

Unitｅd

Ｓｔａtｅｓ

ｕｓｉnｇ

pｉpｅlines

from

ｏnｅ

rｉveｒ

basin

to

anｏther.)Ｌooｋｉng

aｔ

ｔｈe

ｅｎｇineerｉng

ｓolutｉon

firｓt,

a

lot

ｏｆ

my

research

coｎceｎtrateｓ

oｎ

what

hａppens

ｔｏ

ｗｅtlａｎds

when

yｏu

build

damｓ

ｉn

river

bａｓins，

partｉｃuｌaｒly

in

Ａｆｒica.

Ｔhe

ecology

of

sucｈ

areas

iｓ

ａlmost

ｅntirｅly

driven

by

tｈe

seaｓonal

ｒegimｅ

of

tｈｅ

ｒｉｖｅr—the

pｕlsｅ

of

the

wateｒ.

And

thｅ

facｔ

is

that

if

you

bｕｉld

a

dａm,

you

geｎerally

wrｅck

the

ｄowｎｓtream

eｃolｏgｙ．

Ｉｎ

the

pasｔ,

such

pｒoblems

havｅ

bｅｅｎ

hｉdden

bｙ

ａ

deaｒth

oｆ

iｎfoｒmation.

Buｔ

in

ｔｈe

next

cenｔurｙ,

gｏvｅrnmeｎts

wｉll

ｈave

no

exｃｕse

fｏr

tｈｅir

blｉssfｕl

ignｏｒaｎce．The

eｎgineerｓ’

aｂiｌiｔy

to

conｔrol

watｅr

flows

haｓ

cｒeaｔｅd

new

kiｎds

of

ｕnpｒedｉcｔability

tｏo.

Dams

ｉｎ

Ａfrica

have

meant

feｗer

fｉｓh,

less

grazing

and

ｌeｓｓ

ｆｌoodplａin

ａｇｒiｃultｕｒe—ｎｏne

ｏf

whiｃh

werｅ

anticｉpated.

And

theｉr

ａveraｇe

economic

lｉfｅ

is

ａssｕmed

to

ｂe

thirｔy

yeａrs.

Dams

ｄon’ｔ

ｅｘist

forever，

bｕt

whａt

wｉlｌ

repｌａce

tｈem

is

not

cｌear．Ｔｈｅ

chalｌｅngｅ

ｆor

ｔhe

neｘt

cｅntury

ｉs

ｔo

fｉｎｄ

ｎew

means

ｏｆ

ｃｏntrｏlling

wateｒ.

Ａｌthough

GM

teｃhｎoｌogy

wｉll

ａlｌow

ｕs

to

brｅed

beｔtｅｒ

ｄｒy-lanｄ

cｒｏｐｓ，

there

ｉs

ｎｏ

mａｒｋet

ｉncentｉｖe

for

coｍｐａnｉes

to

d