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RoomsDivisionOperations

FRONTOFFICEAPPLICATIONSMODULESComputersoftwaredesignedforspecificfrontuses.Typicalfrontofficeapplicationsincludereservations,rooms,amagement,guestaccountandgeneralmanagementmodules.

FRONTOFFICEAUDITSeeNightAudit

FRONTOFFICECASHSHEETAformcompletedbyfrontofficecashiersthatlistseachreceiptordisbursementofcashduringawork–shift.Itisusedtoreconcileactualcashonhandwiththetransactionswhichoccurredduringtheshift.

FRONTOFFICELEDGERSeeGuestLedger

FULLHOUSEAconditioninwhicheveryroominthehotelhasbeenbooked.

FULLYAUTOMATEDAcomputer–basedsystem,offrontofficerecord–keepingthateliminatestheeliminatestheneedformanyhandwrittenandmachine–producedformscommoninnon–andsemi–auto–matedsystems.

GENERALMANAGEMENTSOFTWAREAfrontofficecomputerapplication,usuallyareport–generatingpackagethatdependsondatacollectedthoughreservation,roomsmanagement,andguestaccountingmodules.

GOALAdefinitionofthepurposeofadepartmentofdivisionthatdirectstheactionsofemployeesandthefunctionsofthedepartmentordivisiontowardthehotel’smission

GOVERNMENTRATEAspecialroomrateavailableatsomehotelsforgovernmentemployees.

GROUPBOOKINGPACETherateatwhichgroupbusinessisbeingbooked.

GROUPRATEAspecialroomrateforanumberofaffiliatedguests.

GUARANTEEDRESERVATIONAreservationthatassurestheguestthataroomwillbehelduntilcheck–outtimeofthedayfollowingthedayofarrival.Theguestguaranteespaymentfortheroom,evenPage11of32RoomDivisionOperations

Ifitisnotused,unlessthereservationisproperlycanceled.Typesofguaranteedreservationsincludepre–payment,creditcard,advancedeposit,travelagent,andcorporate.

GUESTACCOUNTArecordofthefinancialtransactionsthatoccurbetweenaguestandthehotel..

GUESTACCOUNTINGMANAGEMENTSOFT–WAREAfrontofficecomputerapplicationthatmaintainsguestaccountselectronically,eliminatingtheneedforfoliocards,foliotrays,andpostingmachines.

GUESTCYCLEAdivisionoftheflowofbusinessthroughahotelthatidentifiesthephysicalcontactsandfinancialexchangebetweenguestandhotelemployees.

GUESTFOLIOAform(paperorelectronic)usedtocharttransactionsonanaccountassignedtoanindividualpersonorguestroom.

GUESTHISTORYFILEAcollectionofguesthistoryrecords,constructedfromexpiredregistrationcardsorcreatedthroughsophisticateinformationaboutdepartingguestsintoaguesthistorydatabasesystems,thatautomaticallydirectinformationaboutdepartingguestsintoaguesthistorydatabase.

GUESTHISTORYRECORDArecordofpersonalandfinancialinformationabouthotelgueststhat(1)isrelevanttomarketingandsales,and(2)canhelpthehotelservetheguestshouldheorshereturn.Statelawmayrequireretentionofcertainguestdataforsomeperiodoftime.

GUESTLEDGERThesetofaccountsforallguestscurrentlyregisteredatthehotel.Alsocalledthefrontofficeledger,transientledgerorrooms’ledger.

GUESTLEDGERREPORTAreportthatcarriesthecurrentaccountbalancesofalregisteredguests,typicallypreparedaspartofthenightaudit.

GUESTSERVICEREPRESRNTATIVESeeFrontDeskAgent

GUESTROOMKEYAkeythatopensasingleguestroomdoorifitisnotdouble–locked.PAGE12OF32

RoomDivisionOperations

HANDICAPROOMAroomwithspecialfeaturesdesignedforhandicappedguests.

HIGHBALANCEACCOUNTAnaccountthathasreachedorexceededapredeterminedcreditlimit.Highbalanceaccountsaretypicallyidentifiedbythenightauditor.Alsocalledahighriskaccount.

HIGHBALANCEACCOUNTAreportthatidentifiesguestswhoareapproachinganaccountcreditlimit.Typicallypreparedbythenightauditor..

HIRINGPERIODThetimedirectlyafteranemploymentofferupthroughthenew–hire’sinitialadjustmentstothejob.Thisperiodinvolvesallarrangementsnecessarytopreparethenew–hireandcurrentstaffforasuccessfulworkingrelationship.

HORIZONThefuturetimeframeforwhichapropertyacceptsreservations.

HOTELAgeneraltermusedtodescribemotels,motorhotels,inns,suitehotels,conferencecenters,andotheroperationsprovidinglodgingfacilities,variousservices,andconveniencestothetravelingpublic.

HOUSEACCOUNTSeeNon–GuestAccount

HOUSECOUNTTheforecastedorexpectednumberofguestsforaparticularperiod,sometimesbrokendownintogroupandnon–business.

HOUSELIMITAcreditlimitestablishedbythehotel.

HOUSEUSEAroomstatustermindicatingthattheroomisbeingusedbysomeoneonthehotelstaffatnocharge.

HOUSEKEEPINGSTATUSSeeRoomStatus

HOUSEKEEPINGSTATUSREPORTAreportpreparedbythehousekeepingdepartmentthatindicatesthecurrenthousekeepingstatusofeachroom,basedonaphysicalcheck.

Page13of32RoomDivisionOperations

HOUSING/CONVENTIONBUREAUAreservationsofficethatcoordinatesroomrequirementsatseveralhotelsforlargeconventions.

HUBBARTFORMULAAbottom–upapproachtopricingrooms.Ondeterminingtheaveragepriceperroom,thisapproachconsiderscosts,desiredprofits,andexpectedroomssold.

IDEALAVERAGERATE

Aroom’sstatisticthatindicatesthepointatwhichroomsaresoldatthebestrateforthetypeofguestsaccommodatedbyaproperty.

IN–BALANCEAtermusedtodescribethestatewhenthetotalsofdebitamountsandcreditamountsforasetofaccountsareequal.

INCENTIVEPROGRAMAprogramofferingspecialrecognitionandrewardstoemployeesbasedontheirabilitytomeetcertainconditions.Theseprogramsvaryinstructureanddesignandareawaytoawardexceptionalperformancebeyondthepaycheck.

INCENTIVETRAVELTravelfinancedbyabusinessasanemployeeincentive.

INCENTIVETRAVELSeestatementofIncome.

INDEPENDENTHOTELAhotelwithnoownershipormanagementaffiliationwithotherproperties.

INFORMATIONDIRECTORYAcollectionofinformationkeptatthefrontdeskforfrontdeskagentstouseinrespondingtoguestrequests,includingsimplifiedmapsofthearea;taxiandairlinecompanytelephonenumbers;bank,theater,church,andstorelocations;andspecialeventschedules.

INFORMATIONRACKAnalphabeticalindexofregisteredguestsusedinroutingtelephonecalls,mail,messagesandvisitorinquiries.Theinformationracknormallyconsistsofaluminumslotsdesignedtoholdinformationrackslips.

INEGRATEKSOFTWARESoftwarethatallowsseveralprogramstousethesamedatabase.Page14of3RoomDivisionOperations

INTERNALCONTROLThepolicies,procedures,andequipmentusedinabusinesstosafeguarditsassetsandpromoteoperationalefficiency.

INTERSELLAGEMCYAcentralreservationsystemthathandlesreservationsformorethanoneproductline.Suchasairlinecompanies,carrentalcompanies,andhotelproperties.

INTERVIEWEVALUATIONFORMAformusedbythefrontofficemanagertoevaluateanapplicant’sstrengthsandweaknesses.

JOBBERAKDOWNAformthatdetailshowthetechnicaldutiesofajobshouldbeperformed.

JOBDESCRIPTIONAdetailedlistidentifyingallthekeydutiesofajobaswellasreportingrelationships,additionalresponsibilities,workingconditions,andanynecessaryequipmentandmaterials.

JOBLISTAlistidentifyingallthekeydutiesofajobintheorderoftheirimportance.

JOBSHARINGAnarrangementbywhichtwoormorepart–timeemployeessharetheresponsibilitiesofonefull–timeposition.

JOBSPECIFICATIIONAlistofthepersonalqualities,skillsandtraitsneededtosuccessfullyperformthetasksoutlinedbyajobdescription.JOURNALFORMAnaccountrecordingformatinwhicheachentryincludesadescriptionoftheresultingaccountbalance.Journalformistypicallyusedforfrontofficeaccountingdocuments.

JUNIORSUITESeeMINI–SUITE.

KEYRACKAnarrayofnumberedcompartmentusedtostoreguestroomkeys.

KINGAroomwithaking–sizebed;maybeoccupiedbyoneormorepeople.

KINGBEDPage15of32RoomDivisionOperations

Abedapproximately78inchesby80inches.

LATEARRIVALAguestwithareservationwhoexpectstoarriveafterthehotel’sdesignatedcancellationhourandsonotifiesthehotel.

LATECHECK–OUTFEEAchargeimposedbysomehotelsonguestswhodonotcheckoutbytheestablishedcheck–outtime.

LEAST–COSTROUTINGAfeatureofanactivecallaccountingsystemthatdirectscallsovertheleastcostlyavailableline,regardlessofcarrier.

LEDGERAgroupingofaccounts,

LETTEROFCONFIRMATIONAlettersenttoaguesttoverifythatareservationhasbeenmadeandthatitsspecificationsareaccurate.

LIMITEDSERVICESeeEconomy/LimitedService

LOCK–OUTAroomstatustermindicatingthattheroomhasbeenlockedsothattheguestcannotre-enteruntilheorsheisclearedbyahotelofficial.

LOGBOOKAjournalinwhichimportantfrontofficeeventsanddecisionsarerecordedforreferenceduringsubsequentshifts.

MANAGEMENTCONTRACTAnagreementbetweentheowner/developerofapropertyandprofessionalhotelmanagementcompany.Theowner/developerusuallyretainsthefinancialandlegalresponsibilityfortheproperty,andthe,managementcompanyreceivesanagreed–uponfeeforoperatingthehotel.

MARGINALCOSTThevariableoraddedcostofsellingaproductthatisincurredonlyiftheroomissold(Fixedcostsareincurredwhethertheproductissoldornot.)

MARKETSEGMENTATIONTheprocessofdefiningoridentifyingsmaller,distinctgroupsor“segments“withinlargermarkets–“corporatebusinesstravelers.”Forinstance,asasegmentof“business

Page16of32

RoomDivisionOperationsTravelers.”MASTERKEYAkeywhichopensallguestroomdoorswhicharenotdouble–locked.MICRO–FITTEDELECTRONICLOCKINGSYSTEMAnelectroniclockingsysteminwhicheachdoorhasitsownmicroprocessorcontainingapredeterminedsequenceofcodes;amasterconsoleatthefrontdeskstorescodesequencesforeachdoor.MINI–SUITEAsingleroomwithabedandasittingarea.Thesleepingareamaybeinabedroomseparatefromtheparlororlivingroom.Alsocalledajuniorsuite.MISSIONSTATEMENTAdocumentthatstatestheuniquepurposethatsetsahotelapartfromotherhotels.Amissionstatementexpressestheunderlyingphilosophythatgibesmeaninganddirectiontothehotel’sactions,andaddresstheinterestsofguests,management,andemployees.MODIFIEDAMERICANPLAN(MAP)Abillingarrangementunderwhichthedailyrateincludeschargesfortheguestroomandtwomeals–typicallybreakfastanddinner.Alsocalledsemi–pension.SeealsoAmericanPlan,EuropeanPlan.MOTELAlodgingfacilitythatcatersprimarilytoguestsarrivingbyautomobile.MOTIVATIONStimulatingaperson’sinterestinaparticularjob,project,orsubjectsothattheindividualischallengedtobecontinuallyattentive,observant,concerned,andcommitted.MULTIPLEOCCUPANCYRATIOMeasurementusedtoforecastfoodandbeveragerevenue,toindicatecleanlinenrequirements,andtoanalyzedailyrevenuerate.Derivedfrommultipleoccupancypercentageorbydeterminingtheaveragenumberofguestsperroomssold.AlsocalledDoubleOccupancyRatio.MULTIPLEOCCUPANCYSTATISTICSOccupancyratios,indicatingeitheramultipleoccupancypercentageortheaveragenumberofguestsperroomsold.Usedtoforecastfoodandbeverageratios,indicatecleanlinenrequirements,andanalyzeaveragedailyroomrates.NIGHTAUDITPage17of32RoomsDivisionOperationsAdailycomparisonofguestaccounts(andnon–guestaccounthavingactivity)withrevenuecentertransactioninformation.Anightaudit,socalledbecauseitisusuallyperformedatnight,helpsguaranteeaccuracyinfrontofficeaccounting.NIGHTAUDITORAnemployeewhocheckstheaccuracyoffrontofficeaccountingrecordsandcompilesadailysummaryofhotelfinancialdataaspartofthenightaudit.Inmanyhotels,thenightauditorisactuallyanemployeeoftheaccountingdivision.NIGHTSHIFTAhotelwork–shift,generally11:00p.m.to7:00a.m.NO–POSTSHIFTAtermusedtoindicateaguestwhoisnotallowedtochargepurchasestohisorherroomaccount.NO–SHOWAguestwhomadearoomreservationbutdidnorregisterorcancel.NON–AFFILIATERESERVATIONNETWORKAcentralreservationsystemwhichconnectsindependent(non–chain)properties.NON–AUTOMATEDAsystemoffrontofficerecord–keepingcharacterizedbytheexclusiveuseofhandwrittenforms.Theelementsofnon–automatedsystemshavedeterminedthestructureofmanyfrontofficeprocessesineventhemostadvancedautomatedfacilities.NON–GUESTACCOUNTAnaccountcreatedtotrackthefinancialtransactionsofalocalbusinessoragencywithchargeprivilegesatthehotel,agroupsponsoringameetingatthehotel,oraformerguestwhoseaccountwasnotsettledatthetimeofdeparture.NON–GUESTFOLIOAfoliousedtocharttransactionsonanaccountassignedtoalocalbusinessoragencywithhotelchargepurchaseprivileges,agroupsponsoringameetingatthehotel,oraformerguestwithanoutstandingaccountbalance.NON–GUESTLEDGERSeeCityledger.OBJECTIVEAmeasurableendthatanorganizationmustachieveinordertoeffectivelycarryoutitsmission.ORCUPANCYPERCENTAGEPage18of32RoomsDivisionOperationsAnoccupancyratiothatindicatestheproportionofroomssoldtoroomsavailableforsaleduringaspecificperiodoftime.OCCUPANCYRATIOAmeasurementofthesuccessofthehotelinsellingrooms.Typicaloccupancyratiosincludeaveragedailyrate,averagerateperguest,multipleoccupancystatistics,andoccupancypercentage.OCCUPANCYREPORTAreportpreparedeachnightbyafrontdeskagentthatliststheroomsoccupiedthatnightandindicatesthoseguestsexpectedtocheckoutthefollowingday.OCCUPIEDAroomstatustermindicatingthataguestiscurrentlyregisteredtotheroom.ON–CHANGEAroomstatustermindicatingthattheguesthasdeparted,buttheroomhasnotyetbeencleanedandreadiedforresale.OPENThestatusofadateforwhichareservationsystemcanstillacceptreservations.ORGANIZATIONCHARTAschematicrepresentationoftherelationshipsamongpositionswithinanorganization,showingwhereeachpositionfitsintotheoverallorganizationanillustratingthedivisionsofresponsibilityandlinesofauthority.ORIENTATIONAtermusedtodescribethestatewhenthetotalsofdebitamountsandcreditamountsforasetofaccountsarenotequal.OUT–OF–ORDERAroomstatustermindicatingthattheroomcannotbeassignedtoaguest.Aroommaybeout–of–orderformaintenance,refurbishing,extensivecleaning,orotherreasons.OUTSTANDINGBALANCETheamounttheguestowesthehotel–ortheamountthehotelowestheguest,intheeventofacreditbalanceatsettlement.OVERAGEAnimbalancethatoccurswhenthetotalofcashandchecksinacashregisterdraweringreaderthantheinitialbankplusnetcashreceipts.Page19of32RoomsDivisionOperationsOVERBOOKINGAcceptingmorereservationsthanthereareavailablerooms.OVERDUEACCOUNTAcityledgeraccountthatisunpaidbeyondthecurrentbillingperiod,usuallybetween30and90days.OVERFLOWFACILITYApropertyselectedtoreceivecentralsystemreservationrequestsafterroomavailabilitiesinthesystem’sparticipatingpropertieswithinageographicregionhavebeenexhausted.OVERSITAYAguestwhostaysafterhisorherstateddeparturedate.PACKAGEPLANRATEAspecialroomrateforaroomaspartofacombinationofeventsoractivities.PAID–IN–ADVANCE(PIA)GUESTAguestwhopayshisorherroomchargesincashduringregistration.PIAguestsareoftendeniedin–housecredit.PAID–OUTCashdisbursedbythehotelonbehalfofaguestandchargedtotheguest’saccountasacashadvance.PAYROLLACCOUNTINGSOFTWAREAbackofficecomputerapplicationthatprocessessuchdataastimeandattendancerecords,paydistribution,andtaxwithholding.PERFORMANCESTANDARDArequiredlevelofperformancethatestablishestheacceptablequalityofbook.PIA(PAID–IN–ADVANCE)LISTAgu

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