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RoomsDivisionOperations
FRONTOFFICEAPPLICATIONSMODULESComputersoftwaredesignedforspecificfrontuses.Typicalfrontofficeapplicationsincludereservations,rooms,amagement,guestaccountandgeneralmanagementmodules.
FRONTOFFICEAUDITSeeNightAudit
FRONTOFFICECASHSHEETAformcompletedbyfrontofficecashiersthatlistseachreceiptordisbursementofcashduringawork–shift.Itisusedtoreconcileactualcashonhandwiththetransactionswhichoccurredduringtheshift.
FRONTOFFICELEDGERSeeGuestLedger
FULLHOUSEAconditioninwhicheveryroominthehotelhasbeenbooked.
FULLYAUTOMATEDAcomputer–basedsystem,offrontofficerecord–keepingthateliminatestheeliminatestheneedformanyhandwrittenandmachine–producedformscommoninnon–andsemi–auto–matedsystems.
GENERALMANAGEMENTSOFTWAREAfrontofficecomputerapplication,usuallyareport–generatingpackagethatdependsondatacollectedthoughreservation,roomsmanagement,andguestaccountingmodules.
GOALAdefinitionofthepurposeofadepartmentofdivisionthatdirectstheactionsofemployeesandthefunctionsofthedepartmentordivisiontowardthehotel’smission
GOVERNMENTRATEAspecialroomrateavailableatsomehotelsforgovernmentemployees.
GROUPBOOKINGPACETherateatwhichgroupbusinessisbeingbooked.
GROUPRATEAspecialroomrateforanumberofaffiliatedguests.
GUARANTEEDRESERVATIONAreservationthatassurestheguestthataroomwillbehelduntilcheck–outtimeofthedayfollowingthedayofarrival.Theguestguaranteespaymentfortheroom,evenPage11of32RoomDivisionOperations
Ifitisnotused,unlessthereservationisproperlycanceled.Typesofguaranteedreservationsincludepre–payment,creditcard,advancedeposit,travelagent,andcorporate.
GUESTACCOUNTArecordofthefinancialtransactionsthatoccurbetweenaguestandthehotel..
GUESTACCOUNTINGMANAGEMENTSOFT–WAREAfrontofficecomputerapplicationthatmaintainsguestaccountselectronically,eliminatingtheneedforfoliocards,foliotrays,andpostingmachines.
GUESTCYCLEAdivisionoftheflowofbusinessthroughahotelthatidentifiesthephysicalcontactsandfinancialexchangebetweenguestandhotelemployees.
GUESTFOLIOAform(paperorelectronic)usedtocharttransactionsonanaccountassignedtoanindividualpersonorguestroom.
GUESTHISTORYFILEAcollectionofguesthistoryrecords,constructedfromexpiredregistrationcardsorcreatedthroughsophisticateinformationaboutdepartingguestsintoaguesthistorydatabasesystems,thatautomaticallydirectinformationaboutdepartingguestsintoaguesthistorydatabase.
GUESTHISTORYRECORDArecordofpersonalandfinancialinformationabouthotelgueststhat(1)isrelevanttomarketingandsales,and(2)canhelpthehotelservetheguestshouldheorshereturn.Statelawmayrequireretentionofcertainguestdataforsomeperiodoftime.
GUESTLEDGERThesetofaccountsforallguestscurrentlyregisteredatthehotel.Alsocalledthefrontofficeledger,transientledgerorrooms’ledger.
GUESTLEDGERREPORTAreportthatcarriesthecurrentaccountbalancesofalregisteredguests,typicallypreparedaspartofthenightaudit.
GUESTSERVICEREPRESRNTATIVESeeFrontDeskAgent
GUESTROOMKEYAkeythatopensasingleguestroomdoorifitisnotdouble–locked.PAGE12OF32
RoomDivisionOperations
HANDICAPROOMAroomwithspecialfeaturesdesignedforhandicappedguests.
HIGHBALANCEACCOUNTAnaccountthathasreachedorexceededapredeterminedcreditlimit.Highbalanceaccountsaretypicallyidentifiedbythenightauditor.Alsocalledahighriskaccount.
HIGHBALANCEACCOUNTAreportthatidentifiesguestswhoareapproachinganaccountcreditlimit.Typicallypreparedbythenightauditor..
HIRINGPERIODThetimedirectlyafteranemploymentofferupthroughthenew–hire’sinitialadjustmentstothejob.Thisperiodinvolvesallarrangementsnecessarytopreparethenew–hireandcurrentstaffforasuccessfulworkingrelationship.
HORIZONThefuturetimeframeforwhichapropertyacceptsreservations.
HOTELAgeneraltermusedtodescribemotels,motorhotels,inns,suitehotels,conferencecenters,andotheroperationsprovidinglodgingfacilities,variousservices,andconveniencestothetravelingpublic.
HOUSEACCOUNTSeeNon–GuestAccount
HOUSECOUNTTheforecastedorexpectednumberofguestsforaparticularperiod,sometimesbrokendownintogroupandnon–business.
HOUSELIMITAcreditlimitestablishedbythehotel.
HOUSEUSEAroomstatustermindicatingthattheroomisbeingusedbysomeoneonthehotelstaffatnocharge.
HOUSEKEEPINGSTATUSSeeRoomStatus
HOUSEKEEPINGSTATUSREPORTAreportpreparedbythehousekeepingdepartmentthatindicatesthecurrenthousekeepingstatusofeachroom,basedonaphysicalcheck.
Page13of32RoomDivisionOperations
HOUSING/CONVENTIONBUREAUAreservationsofficethatcoordinatesroomrequirementsatseveralhotelsforlargeconventions.
HUBBARTFORMULAAbottom–upapproachtopricingrooms.Ondeterminingtheaveragepriceperroom,thisapproachconsiderscosts,desiredprofits,andexpectedroomssold.
IDEALAVERAGERATE
Aroom’sstatisticthatindicatesthepointatwhichroomsaresoldatthebestrateforthetypeofguestsaccommodatedbyaproperty.
IN–BALANCEAtermusedtodescribethestatewhenthetotalsofdebitamountsandcreditamountsforasetofaccountsareequal.
INCENTIVEPROGRAMAprogramofferingspecialrecognitionandrewardstoemployeesbasedontheirabilitytomeetcertainconditions.Theseprogramsvaryinstructureanddesignandareawaytoawardexceptionalperformancebeyondthepaycheck.
INCENTIVETRAVELTravelfinancedbyabusinessasanemployeeincentive.
INCENTIVETRAVELSeestatementofIncome.
INDEPENDENTHOTELAhotelwithnoownershipormanagementaffiliationwithotherproperties.
INFORMATIONDIRECTORYAcollectionofinformationkeptatthefrontdeskforfrontdeskagentstouseinrespondingtoguestrequests,includingsimplifiedmapsofthearea;taxiandairlinecompanytelephonenumbers;bank,theater,church,andstorelocations;andspecialeventschedules.
INFORMATIONRACKAnalphabeticalindexofregisteredguestsusedinroutingtelephonecalls,mail,messagesandvisitorinquiries.Theinformationracknormallyconsistsofaluminumslotsdesignedtoholdinformationrackslips.
INEGRATEKSOFTWARESoftwarethatallowsseveralprogramstousethesamedatabase.Page14of3RoomDivisionOperations
INTERNALCONTROLThepolicies,procedures,andequipmentusedinabusinesstosafeguarditsassetsandpromoteoperationalefficiency.
INTERSELLAGEMCYAcentralreservationsystemthathandlesreservationsformorethanoneproductline.Suchasairlinecompanies,carrentalcompanies,andhotelproperties.
INTERVIEWEVALUATIONFORMAformusedbythefrontofficemanagertoevaluateanapplicant’sstrengthsandweaknesses.
JOBBERAKDOWNAformthatdetailshowthetechnicaldutiesofajobshouldbeperformed.
JOBDESCRIPTIONAdetailedlistidentifyingallthekeydutiesofajobaswellasreportingrelationships,additionalresponsibilities,workingconditions,andanynecessaryequipmentandmaterials.
JOBLISTAlistidentifyingallthekeydutiesofajobintheorderoftheirimportance.
JOBSHARINGAnarrangementbywhichtwoormorepart–timeemployeessharetheresponsibilitiesofonefull–timeposition.
JOBSPECIFICATIIONAlistofthepersonalqualities,skillsandtraitsneededtosuccessfullyperformthetasksoutlinedbyajobdescription.JOURNALFORMAnaccountrecordingformatinwhicheachentryincludesadescriptionoftheresultingaccountbalance.Journalformistypicallyusedforfrontofficeaccountingdocuments.
JUNIORSUITESeeMINI–SUITE.
KEYRACKAnarrayofnumberedcompartmentusedtostoreguestroomkeys.
KINGAroomwithaking–sizebed;maybeoccupiedbyoneormorepeople.
KINGBEDPage15of32RoomDivisionOperations
Abedapproximately78inchesby80inches.
LATEARRIVALAguestwithareservationwhoexpectstoarriveafterthehotel’sdesignatedcancellationhourandsonotifiesthehotel.
LATECHECK–OUTFEEAchargeimposedbysomehotelsonguestswhodonotcheckoutbytheestablishedcheck–outtime.
LEAST–COSTROUTINGAfeatureofanactivecallaccountingsystemthatdirectscallsovertheleastcostlyavailableline,regardlessofcarrier.
LEDGERAgroupingofaccounts,
LETTEROFCONFIRMATIONAlettersenttoaguesttoverifythatareservationhasbeenmadeandthatitsspecificationsareaccurate.
LIMITEDSERVICESeeEconomy/LimitedService
LOCK–OUTAroomstatustermindicatingthattheroomhasbeenlockedsothattheguestcannotre-enteruntilheorsheisclearedbyahotelofficial.
LOGBOOKAjournalinwhichimportantfrontofficeeventsanddecisionsarerecordedforreferenceduringsubsequentshifts.
MANAGEMENTCONTRACTAnagreementbetweentheowner/developerofapropertyandprofessionalhotelmanagementcompany.Theowner/developerusuallyretainsthefinancialandlegalresponsibilityfortheproperty,andthe,managementcompanyreceivesanagreed–uponfeeforoperatingthehotel.
MARGINALCOSTThevariableoraddedcostofsellingaproductthatisincurredonlyiftheroomissold(Fixedcostsareincurredwhethertheproductissoldornot.)
MARKETSEGMENTATIONTheprocessofdefiningoridentifyingsmaller,distinctgroupsor“segments“withinlargermarkets–“corporatebusinesstravelers.”Forinstance,asasegmentof“business
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RoomDivisionOperationsTravelers.”MASTERKEYAkeywhichopensallguestroomdoorswhicharenotdouble–locked.MICRO–FITTEDELECTRONICLOCKINGSYSTEMAnelectroniclockingsysteminwhicheachdoorhasitsownmicroprocessorcontainingapredeterminedsequenceofcodes;amasterconsoleatthefrontdeskstorescodesequencesforeachdoor.MINI–SUITEAsingleroomwithabedandasittingarea.Thesleepingareamaybeinabedroomseparatefromtheparlororlivingroom.Alsocalledajuniorsuite.MISSIONSTATEMENTAdocumentthatstatestheuniquepurposethatsetsahotelapartfromotherhotels.Amissionstatementexpressestheunderlyingphilosophythatgibesmeaninganddirectiontothehotel’sactions,andaddresstheinterestsofguests,management,andemployees.MODIFIEDAMERICANPLAN(MAP)Abillingarrangementunderwhichthedailyrateincludeschargesfortheguestroomandtwomeals–typicallybreakfastanddinner.Alsocalledsemi–pension.SeealsoAmericanPlan,EuropeanPlan.MOTELAlodgingfacilitythatcatersprimarilytoguestsarrivingbyautomobile.MOTIVATIONStimulatingaperson’sinterestinaparticularjob,project,orsubjectsothattheindividualischallengedtobecontinuallyattentive,observant,concerned,andcommitted.MULTIPLEOCCUPANCYRATIOMeasurementusedtoforecastfoodandbeveragerevenue,toindicatecleanlinenrequirements,andtoanalyzedailyrevenuerate.Derivedfrommultipleoccupancypercentageorbydeterminingtheaveragenumberofguestsperroomssold.AlsocalledDoubleOccupancyRatio.MULTIPLEOCCUPANCYSTATISTICSOccupancyratios,indicatingeitheramultipleoccupancypercentageortheaveragenumberofguestsperroomsold.Usedtoforecastfoodandbeverageratios,indicatecleanlinenrequirements,andanalyzeaveragedailyroomrates.NIGHTAUDITPage17of32RoomsDivisionOperationsAdailycomparisonofguestaccounts(andnon–guestaccounthavingactivity)withrevenuecentertransactioninformation.Anightaudit,socalledbecauseitisusuallyperformedatnight,helpsguaranteeaccuracyinfrontofficeaccounting.NIGHTAUDITORAnemployeewhocheckstheaccuracyoffrontofficeaccountingrecordsandcompilesadailysummaryofhotelfinancialdataaspartofthenightaudit.Inmanyhotels,thenightauditorisactuallyanemployeeoftheaccountingdivision.NIGHTSHIFTAhotelwork–shift,generally11:00p.m.to7:00a.m.NO–POSTSHIFTAtermusedtoindicateaguestwhoisnotallowedtochargepurchasestohisorherroomaccount.NO–SHOWAguestwhomadearoomreservationbutdidnorregisterorcancel.NON–AFFILIATERESERVATIONNETWORKAcentralreservationsystemwhichconnectsindependent(non–chain)properties.NON–AUTOMATEDAsystemoffrontofficerecord–keepingcharacterizedbytheexclusiveuseofhandwrittenforms.Theelementsofnon–automatedsystemshavedeterminedthestructureofmanyfrontofficeprocessesineventhemostadvancedautomatedfacilities.NON–GUESTACCOUNTAnaccountcreatedtotrackthefinancialtransactionsofalocalbusinessoragencywithchargeprivilegesatthehotel,agroupsponsoringameetingatthehotel,oraformerguestwhoseaccountwasnotsettledatthetimeofdeparture.NON–GUESTFOLIOAfoliousedtocharttransactionsonanaccountassignedtoalocalbusinessoragencywithhotelchargepurchaseprivileges,agroupsponsoringameetingatthehotel,oraformerguestwithanoutstandingaccountbalance.NON–GUESTLEDGERSeeCityledger.OBJECTIVEAmeasurableendthatanorganizationmustachieveinordertoeffectivelycarryoutitsmission.ORCUPANCYPERCENTAGEPage18of32RoomsDivisionOperationsAnoccupancyratiothatindicatestheproportionofroomssoldtoroomsavailableforsaleduringaspecificperiodoftime.OCCUPANCYRATIOAmeasurementofthesuccessofthehotelinsellingrooms.Typicaloccupancyratiosincludeaveragedailyrate,averagerateperguest,multipleoccupancystatistics,andoccupancypercentage.OCCUPANCYREPORTAreportpreparedeachnightbyafrontdeskagentthatliststheroomsoccupiedthatnightandindicatesthoseguestsexpectedtocheckoutthefollowingday.OCCUPIEDAroomstatustermindicatingthataguestiscurrentlyregisteredtotheroom.ON–CHANGEAroomstatustermindicatingthattheguesthasdeparted,buttheroomhasnotyetbeencleanedandreadiedforresale.OPENThestatusofadateforwhichareservationsystemcanstillacceptreservations.ORGANIZATIONCHARTAschematicrepresentationoftherelationshipsamongpositionswithinanorganization,showingwhereeachpositionfitsintotheoverallorganizationanillustratingthedivisionsofresponsibilityandlinesofauthority.ORIENTATIONAtermusedtodescribethestatewhenthetotalsofdebitamountsandcreditamountsforasetofaccountsarenotequal.OUT–OF–ORDERAroomstatustermindicatingthattheroomcannotbeassignedtoaguest.Aroommaybeout–of–orderformaintenance,refurbishing,extensivecleaning,orotherreasons.OUTSTANDINGBALANCETheamounttheguestowesthehotel–ortheamountthehotelowestheguest,intheeventofacreditbalanceatsettlement.OVERAGEAnimbalancethatoccurswhenthetotalofcashandchecksinacashregisterdraweringreaderthantheinitialbankplusnetcashreceipts.Page19of32RoomsDivisionOperationsOVERBOOKINGAcceptingmorereservationsthanthereareavailablerooms.OVERDUEACCOUNTAcityledgeraccountthatisunpaidbeyondthecurrentbillingperiod,usuallybetween30and90days.OVERFLOWFACILITYApropertyselectedtoreceivecentralsystemreservationrequestsafterroomavailabilitiesinthesystem’sparticipatingpropertieswithinageographicregionhavebeenexhausted.OVERSITAYAguestwhostaysafterhisorherstateddeparturedate.PACKAGEPLANRATEAspecialroomrateforaroomaspartofacombinationofeventsoractivities.PAID–IN–ADVANCE(PIA)GUESTAguestwhopayshisorherroomchargesincashduringregistration.PIAguestsareoftendeniedin–housecredit.PAID–OUTCashdisbursedbythehotelonbehalfofaguestandchargedtotheguest’saccountasacashadvance.PAYROLLACCOUNTINGSOFTWAREAbackofficecomputerapplicationthatprocessessuchdataastimeandattendancerecords,paydistribution,andtaxwithholding.PERFORMANCESTANDARDArequiredlevelofperformancethatestablishestheacceptablequalityofbook.PIA(PAID–IN–ADVANCE)LISTAgu
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