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ﻩ四级模拟答案超精分析PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)1.Thepassagegivesageneraldescriptionofthestructureanduseofalandfill.【参考答案】Y【解题思绪】通过文章开头以及各个段落的小标题,可以得知本文的重要内容就是讲了垃圾解决场的结构以及作用。2.MostofthetrashthatAmericansgenerateendsupinlandfills.【参考答案】Y【解题思绪】根据关键词thetrash和Americans定位在文章的第二段。特别是第二段的最后半句themajorityisburiedinlandfills.But后面的转折就是强调,是语意重点,强调就是考点,而题干中Mostof和themajority是同义替换词。明确表达了美国大部分垃圾被埋在垃圾填埋场,所以该表述是对的的。3.ComparedwithothermajorIndustrializedcountries,Americaburiesamuchhigherpercentageofitssolidwasteinlandfills.【参考答案】N 【参考答案】根据关键词solidwaste以及othermajorIndustrializedcountries,将文章定位到第二个小标题HowIsTrashDisposedof?下面,文章中说与其他重要国家相比,美国在垃圾解决中排名在重要国家的中游,而题目说排名比较靠前,与文章意思矛盾,所以是错误的。4.Landfillsarelikecompostpilesinthattheyspeedupdecompositionoftheburiedtrash.【参考答案】Nﻩ【解题思绪】根据关键词compostpiles,将文章定位在第三个小标题Whatisalandfill?下面。根据文章所述,Alandfillisnotlikeacompostpile,wherethepurposeistoburytrashinsuchawaythatitwilldecomposequickly.,与题目所述意思相反,所以是错误的。5.Inmostcountriestheselectionofalandfillsiteisgovernedbyrulesandregulations.【参考答案】Y【解题思绪】根据关键词rulesandregulations和Inmostcountries定位在第四个小标题下,而文中的Inmostpartsoftheworld,thereareregulationsthatgovernwherealandfillcanbeplacedandhowitcanoperate.正好是对题目意思的同义转述,所认为对的的。6.IntheUnitedStatesthebuildingoflandfillsisthejobofbothfederalandlocalgovernments.【参考答案】Nﻩ【解题思绪】根据关键词thebuildingoflandfills和IntheUnitedStates定位在第四个小标题下的第二段,根据该段内容表述,IntheUnitedStates,takingcareoftrashandbuildinglandfillsarelocalgovernmentresponsibilities(在美国,建造垃圾场是本地政府的责任和职责)。而题目说是联邦和本地政府的责任,与文章内容不符合,所以是错误的。7.Hazardouswasteshavetobetreatedbeforebeingdumpedintolandfills【参考答案】NGﻩ【解题思绪】根据关键词Hazardouswastes定位到文章的倒数第三段,在这一段的内容中,只提到了带有危险性的垃圾被严禁倾倒到垃圾场中,没有提到在倾倒进垃圾场之前必须被解决。8.Typicalcustomersofalandfillare_______________________________________【参考答案】municipalitiesandconstructioncompaniesﻩ【解题思绪】根据关键词Typicalcustomersofalandfill,定位在最后一个小标题下,很容易可以得知答案。这道题目的解题的关键是Typical与文章中typically是同义词,只是形式不同而已。9.Todisposeofatonoftrashinalandfill,customershavetopayatippingfeeof__________________________________________________【参考答案】$10to$40ﻩ【解题思绪】根据关键词atippingfee定位在文章倒数第五段,可以得到答案。在这个题目中存在一个替换:题目中atonoftrash替换文章中perton。10.MaterialsthatarenotpermittedtobeburiedinLandfillsshouldbedumpedat________________________________________________【参考答案】drop-offstationﻩ【解题思绪】根据题意,讲的是在垃圾场不被允许填埋的垃圾的解决方式。而题目中arenotpermittedto与文章中的arebannedfrom是一对替换词,所以很容易得到答案。PartIIIListeningComprehensionSectionA11.A12.C13.B14.D15.D16.B17.A18.D19.Cﻩ 20.D21.C22.C23.A24.D25. BSectionB26.A27.A28.D29.B30.D31.B32.B33.C34.C35.ASectionC36.labour37.ingredients38.vital39.individuals40.engage41.figures42.generating43.Currently44.willbemakingdecisionsinsuchareasasproductdevelopment,qualitycontrol,andcustomersatisfaction.45.toacquirenewskillsthatwillhelpyoukeepupwithimprovedtechnologiesandprocedures.46.Don'texpectthecompanieswillprovideyouwithaclearlydefinedcareerpath.听力原文SectionA11.M:Today'sabaddayforme.Ifelloffastepandtwistedmyankles.W:Don'tworry.Usuallyankleinjurieshealquicklyifyoustopregularactivitiesforawhile.Q:Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?12.W:MayIseeyourticket,please?Ithinkyouaresittinginmyseat.M:Oh,you'reright.Myseatisinthebalcony.I'mterriblysorry.Q:Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?13.W:DidyouhearJaySmithdiedinhissleeplastnight?M:Yes,it'sverysad.Pleaseleteverybodyknowthatwhoeverwantstomayattendthefuneral.Q:Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?14.M:HaveyoutakenProfessorYoung'sexambefore?I'mkindofnervous.W:Yes.Justconcentrateontheimportantideasshe'stalkedaboutintheclass,andignorethedetails.Q:HowdoesthewomansuggestthemanprepareforProfessorYoung'sexam?15.W:I'msosorry,sir.Andyou'llletmepaytohaveyourjacketcleaned,won'tyou?M:That'sallright.Itcouldhappentoanyone.AndI'msurethatcoffeedoesn'tleavelastingmarksonclothing.Q:Whatcanweinferfromtheconversation?16.W:Haveyouseenthemovie"TheDeparted"?TheplotissplicatedthatIreallygotlost.M:Yeah.Ifeltthesame.ButafterIsawitasecondtime,Icouldputallthepiecestogether.Q:Howdidthetwospeakersfindthemovie?17.M:I'mreallysurprisedyougotanAonthetest.Youdidn'tseemtohavedonealotofreading.W:NowyouknowwhyInevermissalecture.Q:Whatcontributestothewoman'shighscore?18.W:Haveyouheardaboutthenewdigitaltelevisionsystem?Itletspeoplegetaboutfivehundredchannels.M:Yeah,butIdoubtthatwillhaveanythingdifferentfromwhatwewatchnow.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?ConversationOneW:Gosh,haveyouseenthis,Richard?M:Seewhat?W:Inthepaper,(19)saysthere'samangoingroundpretendingheisfromtheelectricityboard.Heisbeencallingatpeople'shomes,sayinghe'scometocheckthatalltheirappliancesaresafe.Thenhegetsaroundthemtomakehimacupoftea,andwhiletheyareoutoftheroom,(19)hestealstheirmoney,handbag,whatever,andmakesoffwithit.M:ButyouknowJean,it'spartlytheirownfault.Theyshouldneverletanyonelikethatinunlessyouareexpectingthem.W:It'sallverywelltosaythat,butsomeestothedoorandsayselectricityorgas.Andyouautomaticallythinktheyareok.Especiallyiftheyflashedacardtoyou.M:DoesthismanhaveanIDthen?W:(20)Yes,that'sjustit.Itseemsheusedtoworkfortheelectricityboardatonetime.Accordingtothepaper,(21)thepolicearewarningpeopleespeciallypensionersnottoadmitanyoneunlesstheyhaveanappointment.It'sabitsad.Oneoldladytoldthem,(22)she'sjustbeentothepostofficetodrawherpension,whenhecalled,shesaidhemustfollowherhome.(22)Hestolethewholelot.M:but,whatdoeshelooklike.Surelytheymusthaveadescription.W:Oh,yes.Theyhave.Let'ssee,inhis30s,tall,bushydarkhair,slightnorthernaccent.Soundsabitlikeyouactually.Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.Whatdoesthewomanwantthemantoreadinthenewspaper?20.Howdidthemanmentionedinthenewspapertrytowinfurthertrustfromthevictims?21.Whatisthewarningfromthepolice?22.Whatdoesthewomanspeakertellusabouttheoldlady?ConversationTwoM:MissJones,couldyoutellmemoreaboutyourfirstjobwithhotelmarketingconcepts.W:Yes,certainly.(23)IwasamarketingconsultantresponsibleformarketingtenUKhotels.Theywereallluxuryhotelsintheleisuresector,allofveryhighstandard.M:Whichmarketswereyouresponsiblefor?W:ForEuropeandJapan.M:IseefromyourresumethatyouspeakJapanese.HaveyoueverbeentoJapan?W:Yes,Ihave.IspentamonthinJapanin2023.Imetallthekeypeopleinthetouristindustry,thebigtouroperators,andthetouristorganizations.(24)AsIspeakJapanese,Ihadaverybigadvantage.M:Yes,ofcourse.HaveyouhadanycontactwithJapan,inyourpresentjob?W:Yes,I'vehadalot.CruiseshavebecomeverypopularwiththeJapanesebothforholidaysandforbusinessconferences.Infact,themarketforalltypesofluxuryholidaysfortheJapanesehasincreasedalotrecently.M:Really?I'minterestedtohearmoreaboutthat.Butfirsttellme,haveevertraveledonaluxurytrain,theOrientingExpressforexample.W:No,Ihaven't.ButI'vetraveledontheGlacierExpresstoSwitzerland,andItraveledacrossChinabytrainabout8yearsago.(25)Ilovetraintravel.That'swhyIamverestedinthisjob.Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.23.Whatdidthewomandoinherfirstjob?24.WhatgavethewomananadvantageduringherbusinesstripinJapan?25.Whyisthewomanapplyingforthenewjob?SectionBPassageOneIthinkalotabouttimeandnotjustbecauseit'sthenameofthenewsorganizationIworkfor.Likemostworkingpeople,Ifindtimeorthelackofit,areneverendingfrustrationandanunwinablebattle.Myeverydayis(26)araceagainsttheclockthatInevereverseemtowin.Thisishardlyalonesomecomplaint,accordingtothefamiliesandworkinstitutes,nationalstudyofthechangingworkforce,(26)55%oftheemployeessaytheydon'thaveenoughtimeforthemselves,63%don'thaveenoughtimefortheirspousesorpartners,and67%don'thaveenoughtimefortheirchildren.(27)It'salsonotanewcomplaint.Ibetourancestorsreturnedhomefromhuntingwildanimalsandgatheringnuts,(27)andcomplainedabouthowlittletimetheyhadtopaintbattlescenesontheircavewalls.Thedifferenceisthatthebossoftheanimalhuntingandtheheadofnutgatheringprobablytoldthemto"Shutup!"or"Nosurvivalforyou!"Today'sworkersarestilldemandingcontrolovertheirtime,thedifferenceis:today'sbossesarelistening.I'vebeenreadingareportissuedtodaycalledWhenWorkWorks,producedjointlyby3organizations.(28)Theysetouttofindandawardtheemployerswhoemploythemostcreativeandmosteffectivewaystogivetheirworkersflexibility.Ifoundthisreportworthreadingandsuggesteverybossshouldreaditforideas.Questions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.Whatisthespeakercomplainingabout?27.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutourancestors?28.Whydoesthespeakersuggestallbossesreadthereportbythe3organizations?PassageTwoLovingachildisacircularbusiness.Themoreyougive,themoreyouget.Themoreyouwanttogive,PenalapyLeachoncesaid.Whatshesaidprovestobetrueofmyblendedfamily.Iwasbornin1931.Astheyoungestofsixchildren,Ilearntosharemyparents'love.Raising6childrenduringthedifficulttimesofthe(29)GreatDepressiontookitstollonmyparents'relationshipandresultedintheirdivorcewhenIwas18yearsold.Daddyneverhadverycloserelationshipswithhischildrenanddriftedevenfartherawayfromusafterthedivorce.Severalyearslater,awonderfulwomancameintohislife,andtheyweremarried.Shehadtwosons.Oneofthemisstillathome.Underherinfluencewebecameablendedfamilyandagoodrelationshipdevelopedbetweenthetwofamilies.(30)Shealwaystreatedusasifwewereherownchildren.Itwasbecauseofourothermother,daddy'ssecondwife,thathebecameclosertohisownchildren.Theysharedover25yearstogetherbeforeourfatherpassedaway.Atthetimeofhisdeath,thequestioncameupofmymother,daddy'sfirstwife,attendinghisfuneral.Iwillneverforgettheunconditionalloveshownbymystepmother,whenIaskedherifshewouldobjecttomotherattendingdaddy'sfuneral.Withoutgivingitasecondthought,sheimmediatelyreplied,"Ofcoursenot,honey,sheisthemotherofmychildren."Questions29to31arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.Accordingtothespeaker,whatcontributedtoherparents'divorce?30.Whatbroughtthefatherclosertohischildren?31.Whatmessagedoesthespeakerwanttoconveyinthistalk?PassageThreeInFebruarylastyear,mywifelostherjob.(32)Justassuddenly,theownerofthegreenhousewhereIworkedasmanagerdiedofaheartattack.Hisfamilyannouncedthattheyweregoingtoclosethebusinessbecausenooneinthefamilywantedtorunit.Thingslookedprettygloomy.MywifeandIreadthewant-adseachday.(33)Thenonemorning,asIwashangingout"GoingoutofBusiness"signatthegreenhouse,thedooropenedandinwalkedacustomer.Shewasanofficemanagerwhosecompanyhasjustmovedintothenewofficeparkontheedgeoftown.Shewaslookingforpartofplantstoplaceinthereceptionareasandoffices."Idon'tknowanythingaboutplants,"shesaid."I'msureinafewweeksthey'llallbedead."WhywasIhelpingherselectherpurchases?Mymindwasracing.(34)Perhapsasmanyasadozenfirmshaverecentlyopenedofficesinthenewofficepark,andtherewereseveralhundredmoreacreswithconstructionunderway.Thatafternoon,Idroveouttotheofficepark.Bysixo'clockthateveningIhadsignedcontractswithsevencompaniestorentplantsfrommeandpaymeafeetomaintainthem.Withinaweek,Ihadworkedoutanagreementtoleasethegreenhousefromtheowner'sfamily.Businessisnowincreasingrapidly.(35)Andoneday,wehopetobetheproudownersofthegreenhouse.Questions32to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.32.Whatdowelearnaboutthegreenhouse?33.Whatwasthespeakerdoingwhenthecustomerwalkedinonemorning?34.Whatdidthespeakerthinkofwhenservingtheofficemanager?35.Whatwasthespeaker'shopeforthefuture?SectionCWe'renowwitnessingtheemergenceofanadvancedeconomybasedoninformationandknowledge.Physical(36)labour,rawmaterials,andcapitalarenolongerthekey(37)ingredientsinthecreationofwealth.Now,the(38)vitalrawmaterialinoureconomyisknowledge.Tomorrow'swealthdependsonthedevelopmentandexchangeofknowledge.And(39)individualsenteringtheworkforceoffertheirknowledge,nottheirmuscles.Knowledgeworkersgetpaidfortheireducationandtheirabilitytolearn.Knowledgeworkers(40)engageinmindwork.Theydealwithsymbols:words,(41)figuresanddata.Whatdoesallthismeanforyou?Asafutureknowledgeworker,youcanexpecttobe(42)generating,processing,aswellasexchanginginformation.(43)Currently,threeoutoffourjobsinvolvesomeformofmindwork,andthatnumberwillincreasesharplyinthefuture.Managementandemployeesalike(44)willbemakingdecisionsinsuchareasasproductdevelopment,qualitycontrol,andcustomersatisfaction.Inthenewworldofwork,youcanlookforwardtobeinginconstanttraining(45)toacquirenewskillsthatwillhelpyoukeepupwithimprovedtechnologiesandprocedures.Youcanalsoexpecttobetakinggreatercontrolofyourcareer.Gonearethenine-fivejobs.lifetimesecurity,predictablepromotions,andeventheconventionalworkplace,asyouarefamiliarwith.(46)Don'texppanieswillprovideyouwithaclearlydefinedcareerpath.Anddon’twaitforsomeoneto“empower”you.Youhavetoempoweryourself.PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)SectionAﻩ【锦囊妙计】做选词填空题时,可按照以下三步进行:第一步,做题目之前先对全文进行通读,目的是为了了解文章的大意和结构,同时对空格中要填写的单词,特别是对它的词性进行大约的预测;第二步,对文章后面所给多个单词按词性进行归类整理;第三步,根据上下文的联系、逻辑关系以及词性完毕选词填空【词性分类】名词:B)compositionG)natureM)headaches
动词:C)causedE)disturbH)arisenI)associatedK)interfereL)present形容词:A)sufficientD)actualJ)continuousO)unrelated副词:F)preciselyN)reasonably47.【参考答案】F)precisely【考点直击】副词辨析+上下文衔接【解题思绪】根据基本语法常识,一方面判断本句应当填一个副词,另一方面,根据该段上下文语义进一步判断,该空的前一句讲到“虽然每个人都知或多或少的知道噪音是什么”后面的语意应当是转折的意思:然而最佳为了科学目的定义噪音更为___47____.很显然这里应当填一个褒义词,另一方面根据常识判断,与科学相联系的肯定是精确、准确之类的词汇。所以从备选的副词中进行选择,F)precisely最为合适。48.【参考答案】O)unrelatedﻫ【考点直击】形容词辨析【解题思绪】一方面根据语法判断,该空前有一个名词sounds,该空所填的必然是一个形容词来做该名词的后置定语,并且来修饰这个名词。然后,再根据上下文衔接以及逻辑判断,可以断定O)unrelated最为适合,意识是,有一种定义是这样的:噪音是一种与你手头工作没有关系的声音。49.【参考答案】K)interfere【考点直击】动词辨析+上下文衔接【解题思绪】根据语法常识一方面判断,本句是一个强调句型。强调“这种声音是…”判断该空应当填一个动词;然后最关键是根据上下文的联系和衔接,上文讲到噪声是一种与手头工作自身没关联的声音。而下文应当是个对比,也就是意思表达虽然与工作自身没关,但是也会对工作形成干扰和影响。因此K)interfere最为合适。50.【参考答案】M)headaches【考点直击】名词辨析【解题思绪】本题一方面根据语法常识判断,应当填一个名词,这一点毋庸置疑。然后再根据上下文进行判断,本题是典型的对比考点的考题。该句的前半句讲到“这种声音在某些时候被认为是有关”,这给了后半句很大的提醒,特别是后半句的时间状语atanothertime,明显是前面是一种情况,后面又是一种情况,并且两种情况构成对比。因此,我们就可以判断该空填的这个名词肯定是一个负面的,贬义的;另一方面,我们进一步判断,该空肯定是说噪音在此外一些时候与工作是无关的,并且对你来说是一种不好的东西,因此我们根据感情色彩和上下文判断从备选名词中进行选择,M)headaches最为合适。51.【参考答案】H)arisen【考点直击】动词辨析+上下文衔接【解题思绪】本题的难度较小。一方面根据基本语法结构判断,本空应当填一个动词,进一步根据信号词have来判断,断定应当填一个动词的过去分词;然后就根据上下文的意思以及逻辑关系进行选择就可以了,本句的意思是,近年来,有关噪声对人类行为的影响的观念已经随着减少噪声的运动出现了,所以H)arisen,表达“出现”。52.【参考答案】B)composition【考点直击】名词辨析+上下文衔接【解题思绪】一方面根据语法以及intensity,duration,and…所构成并列结构可以得知,该空应当填一个名词。判断完词性以后,根据上下文进行进一步选择,我们可以看出本题其实考的是一个与frequency固定搭配,并且也是与声音有关领域的短语。因此,我们得出B)composition最为适合。53.【参考答案】L)present【考点直击】动词辨析+语法常识判断+上下文衔接【解题思绪】根据基本语法常识可以很容易判断,该空应当填一个动词,与该空后面的noisehazards构成动宾搭配。然后,该句后面的内容是举例说明suchas…,举了一些具体的工作,是前文Manyjobs的具体化,我们不难得出,这些举例都是为了说明这些工作都会产生噪声的危险。在备选的动词中L)present和C)caused都有“导致”的意思,然后细心的考生很容易发现,这个题目有陷阱,需要考生特别注意suchas后面的and是一个并列结构,用的是现在时态,所以C)caused是个强干扰项;L)present为对的选项。54.【参考答案】J)continuous【考点直击】形容词辨析【解题思绪】本题根据语法判断,应当填一个形容词来修饰名词exposure。接着,下文讲到与超过80分贝的噪声接触也许会考虑到有危险。根据一般常识,肯定是与噪声连续不断的接触才会导致危险。因此该空所填写的形容词肯定是一个表达时间延续的,所以再从备选形容词中寻找,很容易找到J)continuous为最佳答案。55.【参考答案】A)sufficient【考点直击】形容词辨析【解题思绪】本题根据语法判断,也需要填一个形容词来修饰time。其解题环节和思绪与第54空有异曲同工之妙。也是一个修饰时间的形容词。在这就不一一赘述了。56.【参考答案】D)actual【考点直击】形容词辨析【解题思绪】本题通过语法判断,一方面得出该空应当填一个形容词来修饰名词loss。然后根据对上下文的观测所得,该题也是一道典型的对比考点的题目。上文讲到了假如与超过85分贝的噪声接触足够的时间的话,也许会导致严重的听力丧失(significanthearingloss),而下文讲到______loss要取决于接触声音的特定频度,因此我们不难看出,肯定填D)actual。表达“一般的听力丧失”。【参考译文】假如你生活在大城市,你就会熟悉许多噪声的问题。但是你也许没故意识到噪声对人类行为影响的限度。虽然每个人都或多或少的知道什么是噪音,然而给噪音下定义更为准确精确的是为了科学目的。有一种定义是这样的:噪声是一种与手头工作自身不相关的声音。这种声音却干扰你现在正在做的工作。根据一个人此刻正在做的事情判断,在某个时候被认为是有关的声音在另一个时候将会被认为是一种头痛的事情。近年来,有大量有关噪声对人类行为影响的观念—如噪音污染—连同减少噪音的运动一起出现了。接触很大的噪声确切的说能导致部分或者完全的听力丧失,这取决于噪声的强度,持久度和频度构成。许多工作都能导致噪音危险,比如说在工厂中上班、在喷雾机周边或者坐在摇滚乐队正在演奏的音乐大厅中。一般来说,连续的与超过80分贝的声音接触被认为是危险的。假如与超过85分贝的声音接触足够长的一段时间的话,也许会导致严重的听力丧失。一般的听力丧失将取决于你所接触的声音的特定频率。SectionBPassageOne“Tear’emapart!”“Killthefool!”“Murderthereferee(裁判)!”Thesearecommonremarksonemayhearatvarioussportingevents.Atthetimetheyaremade,theymayseeminnocentenough.(57)Butlet’snotkidourselves.Theyhavebeenknowntoinfluencebehaviorinsuchawayastoleadtorealbloodshed.Volumeshavebeenwrittenaboutthewaywordsaffectus.(58)Ithasbeenshownthatwordshavingcertainconnotations(含义)maycauseustoreactinwaysquiteforeigntowhatweconsidertobeourusualhumanisticbehavior.Iseetheterm“opponent”asoneofthosewords.Perhapsthetimehascometodeleteitfromsportsterms.(本篇属于关于社会生活方面的立论文。作者从语言心理学的角度,分析了当今体育赛场上运动员各种粗鲁行为的根源。文章以各种赛场粗话开头,第二段开始对这种语言现象进行剖析,认为粗话可以导致赛场流血事件的发生,人们的言语用词会影响其行为,指出“对手”一词就是其中的一个例子。)57.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressestheauthor’sview?[定位与替换]本题询问下列哪项陈述最能表达作者的观点。作者的观点,一般定位于文中第一人称的陈述。据此本题定位至第二段的第三、四句“Butlet’snotkidourselves.Theyhavebeenknowntoinfluencebehaviorinsuchawayastoleadtorealbloodshed.”,注意这里的“Butlet’snot…”就是作者在发表见解“但我们不应当…”。同时要注意第四句中的“They”指代什么,根据上文可推断是指“Thesearecommonremarks”中的“theseremarks”,也就是第一段中的那些粗话。搞清楚指代后,再看所定位的第四句“Theyhavebeenknownto…”(它们被认为…),便可知道这就是作者的观点。考生平时复习时一定要注意训练自己对的辨认指代的能力。关键词及替换词:第一段的粗话→theseremarks→They(havebeenknownto)→Thewords(peopleuse)。因此,对的选项为A)Thewordspeopleusecaninfluencetheirbehavior.人们使用的词语会影响他们的行为。[干扰项分析]B)Unpleasantwordsinsportsareoftenusedbyforeignathletes外国运动员经常使用体育比赛中的那些脏话;C)Aggressivebehaviorinsportscanhaveseriousconsequences.体育运动中进攻性的行为也许产生严重的后果;D)Unfairjudgmentsbyrefereeswillleadtoviolenceonthesportsfield运动场上裁判的不公正判罚将导致暴力行为的发生。这三个命题自身也许可以说的通,但都不是文章中作者的观点。解答本题的关键还是在于准确的定位,考生通过本题应学会根据题目与文中内容提供的线索准拟定位。58.Harshwordsarespokenduringgamesbecausetheplayers_________.[定位与替换]本题询问运动员在比赛中说粗话是由于什么。根据题目中的关键短语Harshwords和spokenduringgames,可定位至两处:(1)第二段第六、七句Ithasbeenshownthatwordshavingcertainconnotationsmaycauseustoreactinwaysquiteforeigntowhatweconsidertobeourusualhumanisticbehavior.Iseetheterm“opponent”asoneofthosewords.(现已表白,具有某些含义的词语会使我们以某些方式作出反映,这些方式与我们通常认为的人道行为极为不同。我认为“对手”这个词就是其中的一个。)(2)第三段第二句Thus,whenaplayermeetsanopponent,heorshemaytendtotreatthatopponentasanenemy.(因此,当一名选手碰到对手时,他或她也许会把这个对手当成一名敌人。)由这两处可见,把对手视为敌人就也许导致做出不人道的行为,涉及说粗话。文章定位处与题目(及对的答案)的同义转换:toreactinwaysquiteforeigntowhatweconsidertobeourusualhumanisticbehavior→Harshwordsarespokenduringgames;opponent→rivals。因此,选择B)treattheirrivalsasenemies(运动员)把他们的对手当作敌人对待。[干扰项分析]A)aretooeagertowin(运动员)太想赢。第三段第三句曾提及“那时候,取胜欲会左右运动员的思想和行为,无论多么粗鲁,他们都认为是合理的。”本干扰项就是运用它来设立的。但必须指出,不能忽略该句一开始就指出的Atsuchtimes,说明这一切都是有前提的,是发生在“那时候”,即在“视对手为敌人”的情况下。太想赢并不是运动员在比赛中说粗话的主线因素;C)areusuallyshort-temperedandeasilyoffended(运动员)通常脾气暴躁很容易被激怒;D)cannotaffordtobepoliteinfiercecompetition(运动员)在剧烈的竞争中无法保持礼貌。B和C项貌似合理,但都不是问题主线因素所在。文章里没有依据。
Thedictionarymeaningoftheterm“opponent”is“adversary”:“enemy”;“onewhoopposesyourinterests.”(58)Thus,whenaplayermeetsanopponent,heorshemaytendtotreatthatopponentasanenemy.Atsuchtimes,winningmaydominateone’sintellect,andeveryaction,nomatterhowgross,maybeconsideredjustifiable.Irecallanincidentinahandballgamewhenarefereerefusedaplayer’srequestforatimeoutforaglovechangebecausehedidnotconsideredthenwetenough.(59)TheplayerproceededtorubhisglovesacrosshiswetT-shirtandthenexclaimed,“Aretheywetenoughnow?”(本段继续对这种语言现象进行剖析,认为运动员把“对手”视为“敌人”的态度是导致其粗鲁的赛场行为的根源,并举例说明。)59.Whatdidthehandballplayerdowhenhewasnotallowedatimeouttochangehisgloves?[定位与替换]本题询问那位手球运动员没被允许暂停去换手套时,他干了什么?根据题干中thehandballplayer,定位至第三段最后一句(那位运动员走向前将手套在湿T恤上擦了擦,然后大声叫喊:“现在够湿了吗?),只需将该句稍作改写,便可得到对的答案项D)HewethisglovesbyrubbingthemacrosshisT-shirt.他将手套在T恤上摩擦来弄湿它们。[干扰项分析]A)Heangrilyhittherefereewithaball.他愤怒地用球砸裁判;B)Herefusedtocontinuethegame.他拒绝继续比赛;C)Heclaimedthattherefereewasunfair.他声称那个裁判不公平。显然这三项都与原文不符。Intheheatofbattle,playershavebeenobservedtothrowthemselvesacrossthecourtwithoutconsideringtheconsequencesthatsuchamovemighthaveonanyoneintheirway.(60)Ihavealsowitnessedaplayerreactingtohisopponent’sinternationalandillegalblockingbydeliberatelyhittinghimwiththeballashardashecouldduringthecourseofplay.Offthecourt,theyaregoodfriends.Doesthatmakeanysense?Itcertainlygivesproofofacourtattitudewhichdepartsfromnormalbehavior.(本段举例说明了运动员在赛场上的各种粗暴行为,并指出场下他们之间的和谐关系,进一步验证了这是一种不同于正常行为的“球场姿态”)60.Accordingtothepassage,players,inagame,may_________.[定位与替换]本题询问根据这篇文章,运动员在比赛中会有什么样的举动。由题干的players,inagame可定位至第四段第二句:我亲眼看到比赛中一位球员尽其所能地故意用球重击对手,以此来对付对手的越界和阻挡犯规。hitting…withtheball→throwtheballat…;duringthecourseofplay→inagame。对的选项为C)deliberatelythrowtheballatanyoneillegallyblockingtheirway故意地将球砸向违规阻挡他们前进的任何人。[干扰项分析]A)kicktheballacrossthecourtwithforce用力踢球穿过球场。B)liedownonthegroundasanactofprotest躺在地上以示抗议;D)keeponscreamingandshoutingthroughoutthegame在比赛中一直又喊又叫;这三项在文章中都找不到依据。(61)Therefore,Ibelieveitistimeweelevated(提高)thegametothelevelwhereitbelongstherebysettinganexampletotherestofthesportingworld.Replacingtheterm“opponent”with“associate”couldbeanidealwaytostart.Thedictionarymeaningoftheterm“associate”is“colleague”;“friend”;“companion.”Reflectamoment!Youmaysoonseeandpossiblyfeelthedifferenceinyourreactiontotheterm“associate”ratherthan“opponent.”(在最后两段中,作者呼吁改变运动员在赛场上的这种错误行为,把“对手”当作是“同事”而不是“敌人”,并表达了自己对这种转变的信心。在本篇文章的阅读理解中,考生要着重学会用“第一人称原则”定位作者观点的方法。)61.Theauthorhopestohavethecurrentsituationinsportsimprovedby__________.[定位与替换]本题询问作者希望通过什么方式来改善体育运动的当前状况。根据题意,运用“第一人称原则”定位至第五段:因此,我认为是我们将比赛提高到它本应属于的那个层次的时候了,从而给体育界其余领域树立一个楷模。将“对手”这个词替换为“同事”,也许是一个抱负的开端。这里指出了应当将“对手”的这一错误定位转换为“同事”的这一对的定位。Replacingtheterm“opponent”with“associate”→changingtheattitude。故对的选项为D)changingtheattitudeofplayersonthesportsfield改变运动场上选手的态度。[干扰项分析]A)regulatingtherelationshipbetweenplayersandreferees协调选手和裁判之间的关系。B)callingonplayerstousecleanlanguageonthecourt号召运动员在赛场上使用文明用语;C)raisingthereferee’ssenseofresponsibility提高裁判的责任感;注意这些干扰项只是在“治标”,只能起到局部改善的作用,绝非“治本”之道。更重要的是它们都不是作者的观点。【重点单词】innocenta.清白的,无罪的,无辜的,无害的,天真的,无知的(常与of连用)kidn.①小山羊②小孩,年轻人v.戏弄,哄骗,开玩笑foreigna.①外国的,外国来的,外国产的②对外的,涉外的③外来的,异质的④(常与to连用)无关的humanistica.人文主义的opponentn.①敌手,对手②反对者deletevt.删除sportsa.①运动的,有关运动的②非正式的,式样简便的(穿着)termn.①专用名词,术语②期限,期间③学期④[pl.](协议或协议书的)条款,条件⑤[pl.]关系vt.把…称为,把…叫做[真题]Theyoungerperson’sattractiontostereoscannotbeexplainedonly____familiaritywithtechnology.A)inquestofB)bymeansofC)intermsofD)byvirtueof[CET-6:1999,6][译文]这位年轻人被音响吸引不能仅仅用熟悉技术来解释。dominatevt.①在…中占首要地位②支配,统治,控制③高于,俯视vi.处在支配地位,拥有优势[真题]Thisbookexpectedto_______thebest-sellerlists.A)exemplifyB)promoteC)prevailD)dominate[CET-6:2023,1][译文]预期这本书将占销售排行榜首位。intellectn.①智力,智能,才智②智者grossa.①总的,毛的②严重的,显著的③粗俗的,粗野的④臃肿的n.总额,总量vt.总共赚得[例句]GDPstandsforGrossDomesticProduct.GDP是国内生产总值的缩写。justifiablea.有理由的proceedvi.①进行,继续下去②(沿特定路线)行进,(朝特定方向)前进[真题]Theworkwasalmostcompletewhenwereceivedordersto______nofurtherwithit.A)progressB)proceedC)marchD)promote[CET-4:2023,6][译文]我们接到不必继续进行下去的命令时,工作几乎已经完毕。exclaimv.呼喊,惊叫,大声叫[真题]Thewinningteamloudly______itsvictory.A)magnifiedB)proclaimedC)signifiedD)exclaimed[CET-6:1994,1][译文]赢了的队大声为胜利欢呼。movevt.①移动,搬动,开动,推动②感动,鼓动③建议,动议④动摇,使改变主意vi.①动,移动,行动,前进②迁移,搬家③进展④动议,建议n.①动作,行动,环节②移动,搬家,搬家③走棋witnessn.①目击者,见证人②证据,证言vt.①目击②为…作证,证明vi.作证,成为证据[真题]Thelasthalfofthenineteenthcentury______thesteadyimprovementinthemeansoftravel.A)haswitnessedB)waswitnessedC)witnessedD)iswitnessed[CET-4:1998,6][译文]十九世纪后半叶,(人们)目睹了交通工具的稳步发展。intentionala.故意的,故意的deliberatelyadv.故意地reflectv.①反射②反映,显示,表现③深思,反省【必背搭配】动词与介词搭配:departfrom(normalbehavior)背离(正常举止)动词与名词搭配:makeremarks进行评论refusearequest拒绝规定giveproofof证明,对…予以证明setanexampleto给…树立楷模形容词与名词搭配:sportingevents体育赛事grossaction粗俗的行为sportingworld体育界,体坛形容词与介词搭配:foreignto与…无关的介词与名词搭配:intheheatof在…最剧烈的时候inone’sway以(某人的)方式名词与介词搭配:consequencesonsb.对某人(产生)的后果【参考译文】“撕碎他们!”“那傻子去死吧!”“杀死裁判!”这些都是我们在各种体育赛事上经常听到的话。这些话说出口的时候也许并没有恶意,但我们不要自欺欺人。我们知道这些言语会影响人们的行为并酿成真正的流血事件。已有好几本论述言语对我们的影响。据表白,具有某些含义的词语也许会使人产生一些反映,而我们认为这些反映是违反我们通常的人性化的行为的。我本人认为“对手”这一词语就是具有此类倾向的,也许是到了该将“对手”这个词从体育竞技的术语中删除掉的时候了。“对手”这个词的字典意思是“反对的人”,“敌人”,“与你利益相反的人”。因此,当一个运动员碰到对手的时候,他或她会将对手看作敌人。在那时,获胜的欲望也许支配他的思想,他的每一个行为,不管那是多么粗俗,也也许被认为是无可厚非的。我回想起在一次手球比赛中发生的事情,一个球员规定到场外更换手套,但是裁判员认为他的手套没有湿到必须更换的限度,所以拒绝了他。该球员便将手套往他自己湿溜溜的运动衫上擦来擦去,然后大吼道:“现在足够湿了吧?”在比赛的白热化阶段,人们注意到球员从球场的这头狂奔到球场那头,主线就没有考虑到他这样的动作会对阻挡他的其他球员产生什么样的后果。尚有一次我看到过一个球员在比赛中由于对方的一个故意犯规阻挡,而故意使足了力气把球砸向对方。在场下,他们是好朋友。这说明了什么?当然,它证明了,体育场上的态度背离了正常行为。因而,我认为现在是该把竞技比赛提高到它应有水平上的时候了,这样可认为其他体育项目树立楷模。用“合作者”替代“对手”也许是一个抱负的开始。“合作者”在字典中的解释是“同事”,“朋友”,“伙伴”。思考一下这些词,你也许不久就能看到,并也许感觉到“合作者”这个词会给你带来不同于“对手”的反映。PassageTwoﻩIsthereenoughoilbeneaththeArcticNationalWildlifeRefuge(保护区)(ANWR)tohelpsecureA
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