2023年6月大学英语6级真题三套全

2０２3年6月大学英语６级真题(三套全）2023年6月大学英语六级考试真题（第一套）PartＩIListeｎｉngCompｒehenｓioｎ(30mｉnuｔｅs)SectiｏnA1.A)Ｐrｅpａreforｈisexaｍs.Ｂ)Ｃａtｃｈuｐoｎｈiswｏrk.Ｃ)Aｔteｎdtｈｅcｏｎｃｅｒｔ.Ｄ)Goonavａcation．2．A)Threｅcreｗmembｅｒswereｉnvoｌvedintｈeiｎcideｎt.B)Ｎoneofthehijacｋｅｒsｃarriedaｎｙdeａdlyweaponｓ.C)ThepｌaneｈadbｅｅｎsｃheｄuledtｏflytoJapan.Ｄ)Noneoftｈepａsseｎgerｓwｅｒｅiｎjｕrｅdorkｉｌlｅd．3.A)Aｎarticlｅaboｕｔtheeｌｅｃtion.B）Ａｔeｄioｕｓjｏbtobedｏne.C)Aneｌectioｎcaｍpａign.D）Aｆaｓciｎaｔingtopiｃ.４.A）Tｈerｅsｔauranｔwａsnｏtuptｏthespeakers'exｐectatｉｏns.Ｂ）Thｅｒｅstａｕraｎtｐｌaｃesmanyaｄsinｐｏpularmagazines.C）ThecritiｃthouｇｈthｉghlyofｔheChineserestauraｎt.D)Cｈinatoｗnhａsgｏｔｔheｂestreｓtauraｎtiｎｔheｃity.５.Ａ)Hｅｉｓｇoingtovｉsithiｓmotｈeriｎtｈeｈospｉtal．B）Heiｓgoinｇｔｏtaｋeonanewjobnexｔwｅek.C)Hｅｈasmanyｔhingstodeaｌwitｈriｇhtｎow．D）Ｈeｂehａveｓinａwaｙnobodｙｕnderｓtａnds.6.A）Alarｇenumｂｅrofstuｄenｔsｒeｆuseｄtoｖotelastnight．B）Atleａsttｗenｔystudentｓaｒeneedｅdtｏvotｅonaniｓsｕｅ．C）Majｏrcampｕsiｓsueshadｔobediscｕｓsｅdatthｅmｅｅｔiｎg．D)Moｒesｔudentｓhaｖetoaｐpｅarｔomaｋeｔhｅirｖoｉcｅheaｒd.7．A）Ｔhewomanｃanｈardlyｔelｌwhaｔsｈｅlikes.B)ThespeakｅrsｌikewaｔchiｎgTVｖerｙmuch.C)ThesｐeaｋershａｖenｏthingtｏdobutwatcｈTV.D)ThemansｅｌｄomwatｃheｄTVｂeｆorｅretirｅment.８．A)Ｔhewoｍanshouldｈaｖｅｒetｉredｅarlｉer．４B)Hｅwiｌlhelpthｅwomansolvｅtｈeｐroblem.C)Hｅｆｉｎdsitharｄｔoａgreeｗｉthｗｈatthewomansays．D)Thewoｍａnwｉllbeabletoatteｎｄtheｃlasｓesshｅwanｔs．Quesｔions９ｔｏ1２aｒebaｓedｏnｔｈeｃonvｅrｓationyｏuhavejuｓtｈｅarｄ.9．A)Peｒｓuadｅｔhemantojoiｎｈｅrｃｏmｐaｎy.B)Emploｙｔhemosｔup-to-dateｔecｈnoｌogy.Ｃ）Eｘpoｒtbikestｏfoｒeignmａｒkeｔs.D)Ｅxpandtheirdomesticbｕｓineｓs.10.A)Thｅstａｔesuｂsidizｅsｓmallａndmｅｄiumｅnterｐrｉses.B)Tｈeｇoｖernmｅｎthａscontroloverbicycleiｍportｓ.C)Theｙcancompｅtｅｗiththebesｔdomeｓｔｉcｍａnuｆaｃtuｒｅs.D)Tｈｅyhavｅacostaｄvantagｅａndｃａｎｃhaｒgeｈigｈerprices.11.A)Eｘｔraｃosｔsmiｇhteaｔuptheｉrｐrofiｔsabroad.B)Mｏｒeworkｅrｓｗillｂｅneｅｄedtodｏpackａｇing.Ｃ)Theyｍｉgｈtloｓｅtofoｒeignbｉkｅmanｕｆactuｒers.D)Itiｓｖerydifficulttofindｓuitableloｃalａgents.12．A)Reporttothｅmａnagｅｍeｎt．B)Attracｔforｅigninvestments.C)Conduｃtafeasibiｌｉtystudy．D)Conｓultfｉnａnｃｉａlexperts．Ｑuestions13ｔｏ15aｒebaseｄｏnthecoｎｖersatｉｏnyoｕｈａvejustｈｅard.１3.A)Coalbｕrnｔdaiｌyfortheｃｏｍfortofｏｕrhoｍｅs.Ｂ)Anｙｔｈiｎgthatcanbeｕｓedｔoprodｕｃｅpoweｒ.C)Fuｅlｒｅfｉｎeｄfromｏｉleｘｔracｔｅdfｒomｕｎdergrounｄ．Ｄ)Ｅleｃtrｉcｉtythatｋｅeｐsalｌｋindsｏｆｍaｃhiｎesrｕnning.14.A)Oiｌwｉllsooｎbeｒeplａceｄbｙalｔｅrｎａｔiｖeｅnｅrgyｓources.B)Ｏｉｌrｅseｒｖｅsinｔhewｏrldwｉlｌｂeeｘhaustｅdinaｄecaｄe.Ｃ)Oｉlconsumpｔionｈａｓgiveｎriｓetｏmanygloｂａlproblｅｍs.D)Oilｐroｄuｃtiｏnｗｉllbegintｏdeｃlｉnｅworldwidebｙ2023.15．A)Ｍｉnimｉｚeｔｈeusｅoｆfossilfｕels．B)Ｓｔaｒtdeｖelopiｎgalteｒｎatｉvｅfｕels．C）Fｉnｄtｈeｒealcａuｓeforglobalwａrming.D）Ｔaｋestepstｏｒeｄucethegreenｈouｓeefｆecｔ.SecｔionBPassagｅＯneＱuestioｎs１６to1８areｂaｓeｄonｔｈepassageyouhavejustheaｒｄ．16.A)Thｅａbｉlｉtytopｒｅdictfashｉoｎtrｅｎds.B)Aｒｅfｉｎｅdtasteforartistiｃworkｓ.C)Ｙeａrsｏfｐｒacticaｌｅxperｉｅnce.Ｄ)Sｔrｉcｔprｏfｅｓｓionalｔraｉning.17.A）PrｏｍｏtingallkindsｏfAmeｒiｃanhaｎd-maｄｅsｐeciaｌitiｅｓ.B)Sｔrenｇtｈｅninｇcooperatiｏnwitｈforeiｇngoｖernｍents．Ｃ）Ｃondｕcｔｉｎgｔradeinａｒｔwｏrksｗitｈdｅalersoveｒseas.D）Ｐurchasinghandicraftｓfromａllｏｖeｒthｅｗorld.１8.A)Sｈeｈasａccｅssｔｏfashionａbleｔhinｇs．B)Sｈeisdoｉngwhatshｅenｊoｙsdoiｎg.Ｃ)Ｓｈｅcanenjoylifｅｏnamｏｄestsalaｒy.D）Ｓhｅisfreetｏｄowhateverｓhewａnｔs．PａssageＴwoQｕeｓtiｏns１9to2２arｅbasedonthｅpasｓageyouhａvejusthearｄ.19.Ａ）Joininneｉghborhｏodｐａtrｏlｓ.B)Getｉｎvolｖedinhiscｏmmunity.C)Voicｅhiｓcｏmplａiｎtstｏtheｃitycｏuｎcil．D)Ｍakeｓuggｅｓtionstotheloｃａlａｕthoritieｓ.20.A）Deterioraｔioninthｅquａlｉｔｙoｆlifｅ.B)Incｒeａseofpolicepaｔrolsａtnight.C)Renovａtionoftｈeｖａｃａnｔbuildings.D)Vｉolationoｆcommｕnｉtyｒegulatioｎs.21.A）Thｅｙmａytakealｏｎgｔimｅｔｏｓｏlvｅ．Ｂ)Ｔheyneｅｄasｓistaｎｃｅfoｒmthecitｙ.C)Ｔheyhavｅtobedealtｗithonｅbｙone.D）Ｔheyarｅtｏｏbigｆｏriｎdivｉduａlｅfforts.2２.A)Hｅhadgｏtｓomｅgrocｅrｉeｓatabｉｇdiｓcounｔ.B)Heｈadｒeadａｆunnyposteｒnearｈisseat.C)Ｈehaddoneasmａｌｌdeedoｆkｉｎdｎeｓs.D）Hehadcaugｈttｈebuｓｊuｓtintime.PａｓsageTｈreeＱｕesｔionｓ23to2５areｂasedonｔheｐaｓｓageyouｈavejustｈeａrd.23.A）Ｃhildhoodａndfａmiｌygroｗth．B)Ｐresｓureanddisｅasｅ.C)Faｍｉlylｉｆｅaｎdheａlｔh.Ｄ）Stｒessanddｅｐrｅｓｓiｏｎ.2４.A)Iｔexperienceｄaseｒiesoｆｍisfoｒtｕnｅs.B）Iｔwaｓinｔhepｒocessoｆreｏrgａnｉzａtion.Ｃ）Hisｍotheｒdiｅdofaｓuddenｈeａrtａtｔacｋ.Ｄ)Hiswifｅlefｔhｉmｂecａuseofhisbadtｅmper.２５.A）Ｔhｅyｗｏｕlｄｇｉvehｉｍatrｉplebypａsｓsｕrｇｅry．Ｂ)Tｈｅycouｌdreｍoveｔｈｅblockiｎhisarteｒy.C)Theycoｕｌｄdonｏthingｔohelphim.D）Theywouldtｒｙhａｒｄｔosavehｉslｉfe．SectｉonCWhｅｎmostpeoplｅｔhiｎkoｆtｈｅworｄ“educaｔiｏｎ”,tｈeytｈiｎｋofapupilasasｏｒtofanimatesausａgeｃasiｎｇ．Ｉntotｈisemptycａｓtiｎｇ，theｔｅachers(２6)ｓtuｆf“ｅduｃａtion.”Butgenuｉｎeeduｃaｔion,asSocrａtｅskneｗｍoretｈａntｗoｔhoｕsａndｙearsａgo,ｉsｎoｔ(27)thestｕffingofinfoｒmationiｎｔoaｐeｒsｏn,bｕtratherｅｌｉｃitinｇｋnｏｗｌedgefrｏmhim;ｉtｉsthe(2８)oｆｗhatisinｔｈemｉnd.“Tｈeｍｏstｉmｐortaｎtｐartｏｆｅducatｉｏn,”oncewrotｅWilliａmＥｒnestＨｏｃkｉｎｇ，thｅ(29）Haｒvardphilosｏpher,“isthiｓiｎｓtｒｕcｔｉonｏfａmanｉnwｈaｔhｅｈaｓinsideofhｉｍ．”And,ａｓEdithHamiltｏnhasreｍｉndedus,Ｓoｃratesneversaiｄ,“Ｉknｏw,learnｆrｏｍme。”Heｓaｉd,rａther,“Looｋintoyoｕrｏwnｓelｖｅsaｎdfinｄthe(30)oｆｔｈetrｕtｈthatGｏdhasputinｔoｅveｒｙhｅartandthaｔonlｙyoucａnkindle（点燃)toa(31)．”Ｉnａdialｏgｕｅ,Soｃratestaｋeｓａnignorantｓlaveboy,ｗithoｕtadayof(32),aｎｄprｏvesｔoｔｈeamazｅdｏｂｓeｒverstｈattheboyｒeallｙ“knｏws”ｇｅｏmetry一beｃausｅｔheｐrinｃiｐｌeｓofｇeometｒyarealｒeadyｉｎｈismind,waitingtobecalledout.Ｓoｍａnyｏfthediscuｓsioｎsanｄ(33)abouｔthecｏｎｔentｏfｅdｕcatｉonareuｓeleｓｓandinconcｌusivebecausetｈｅy(34)ｗｈatｓhoｕｌd“gｏｉnｔｏ”tｈｅstudentratherthanｗithwhａtsｈoｕｌdbetakenｏｕt,anｄhowthｉｓcａnｂestbedoｎe.Thecollegｅsｔuｄeｎtwｈooncesaｉdtome,aｆｔeｒａlectｕrｅ,“IsｐenｄsomucｈtｉmeｓtudyｉnｇtｈaｔIdon'ｔhaveachancｅｔｏleａrnaｎytｈinｇ,”wasclearlyｅxpressinghｉs(３5)withtheｓausａgeｃａsingvｉewｏfeducａtｉoｎ.ParｔIIＩＲeａdiｎgComprehｅnsion(４0ｍinutes)RｅadingｃomprｅhensionSectｉonAIｎｎovａtion,thｅeｌixir(灵丹妙药)ofprｏgrｅss,ｈasalwａyscoｓtpeopｌetheirjｏbs．ＩnthｅＩndｕｓtriａlRevｏｌutioｎhaｎｄwｅaveｒswerｅ___36___aｓidｅbythemechanｉｃalloom.Ｏverthepast3０yearstｈedｉgitalｒevoluｔiｏnhas___37___ｍａnyｏfthｅmid－skillｊoｂsｔhatunｄerpiｎｎｅd20ｔh-centuｒymｉｄｄle-classlｉfe.Tｙpisｔｓ,ticｋeｔagentｓ,bａｎkteｌlｅrsaｎdｍanyprｏｄuction-ｌinｅjoｂshaｖebeeｎdｉsｐensｅdwiｔh，ｊustaｓthewｅaversｗerｅ.Ｆｏrｔｈosewｈoｂelｉeveｔｈattechnｏlogiｃａｌprogｒesshａsｍadｅthｅｗorｌdabｅｔｔerplacｅ,suｃhｄisruptiｏｎｉｓanaturalparｔoｆriｓｉng＿__38___．Ａlthoughｉnnovaｔionkilｌｓsomeｊoｂs,iｔcreatｅsnewａnｄbetteroｎeｓ,asａmｏｒe_＿_39_＿_soｃietybecｏｍesｒｉchｅraｎdｉtsｗeａltｈiｅrinhａbitaｎtsdemaｎdｍoｒegoodｓanｄservices.ＡｈuｎdredyearsａgoｏneintｈreeAmeｒicaｎworkersｗas___4０__＿onafarm．Todａylessthan２%ofthｅmproducefａrmｏrｅfooｄ.Tｈｅｍilｌｉｏnsfreｅdfroｍtｈeｌanｄweｒｅnｏtreｎｄｅrｅｄ__＿４1＿_＿,ｂutfounｄbettｅr-paiｄwoｒkaｓtheeｃonomygｒewmorｅsophistiｃateｄ.Toｄaytｈepｏolｏｆseｃrｅtarｉeshas_＿_42＿__,butthereａreeｖerｍorecｏmｐｕtｅrｐrogｒamｍｅrsandｗebdesigｎｅrｓ.Optimismremaiｎsｔheriｇｈtｓtartiｎｇ-pｏiｎｔ,bｕtfoｒworkerｓtｈedislocatiｎgeffeｃｔsoｆtechnoloｇymayｍakethemseｌvｅｓeｖidenｔｆasteｒtｈanits___4３___.Ｅvenifnewｊoｂsandwｏndeｒfuｌｐroduｃtsemｅｒgｅ，iｎｔｈeshｏrtterｍiｎｃoｍeｇａpswilｌwiden，cａusinghuｇesocialdisｌocatｉonandpｅrｈapsｅvenchaｎｇingpoliticｓ．Technoｌogy's＿__４4___ｗｉｌｌfeelｌikeatoｒnadｏ(旋风），hittinｇtherichwｏrｌdfirst,bｕｔ_＿_45___swｅepingthrougｈpoｏrｅrｃouｎtｒiesｔoo.ＮoＷhytheＭｏnaLｉｓａＳtaｎｄsOut[A]Haveｙouｅveｒfalｌｅnｆoｒａｎｏvelaｎdｂeeｎamazednottｏfindｉｔonlｉｓtｓofgｒeatbooks?Orwaｌkedarｏundａsculptuｒeｒｅnownedasacｌassiｃ，ｓｔruggｌinｇｔｏseｅwｈatthefuｓsisａbout?Ifｓo,yoｕ?vｅprobablyponderedtｈｅquｅstionCｕttingａskeｄｈimｓｅｌfthatｄａｙ:hoｗdｏesawoｒｋofaｒtｃometobeconsｉdeｒedgreat？[B]Theintuｉｔivｅaｎsweｒｉｓｔｈatsｏmｅｗｏrｋsofａrｔarejustgreat:oｆintrinsiｃａｌlyｓｕpeｒｉorqualitｙ.Ｔhｅpaiｎtiｎgsｔｈatwinｐrimespｏtsｉngａlｌeries，getｔaｕghtinｃlaｓsesanｄｒｅproducｅdinboｏｋsaretheoｎestｈａｔｈａveprovedthｅirａrtｉsticｖalueovｅrｔime.Ifｙｏｕcａn?tｓeethey？ｒｅｓuｐｅrior,ｔhａｔ?ｓyourprobｌem．Iｔ?sａｎintimiｄａtiｎｇlynｅatexplanation.Ｂｕtｓomeｓｏcialsｃientisｔsｈavebeenａsｋinｇawｋｗardquesｔionｓoｆit，rａisiｎgtheposｓibilitｙthatartistｉccaｎoｎsarelittｌemorethanfoｓｓilｉsedhiｓｔoricalaccideｎts．[Ｃ]Ｃｕttｉng，aprｏｆｅsｓoratCornellUniｖeｒsity，ｗｏnderedｉfａpsycｈologｉcalmechanismknoｗｎaｓthe“mere-ｅｘposuｒeeｆfeｃt”playeｄａroleinｄeciｄingｗhichpａｉntｉngｓrisetoｔhｅｔopｏftｈeｃulｔuralleaｇuｅ.Cｕttｉngdesigｎｅdanexperimｅnttoteｓthｉｓｈunch.Ovｅｒａleｃtuｒeｃoｕｒseherｅgｕlarlｙshowedundergrａduatｅsworｋsofimｐｒesｓionismfortwosｅcｏnｄsatatime.Somｅofthepaintingsｗｅｒｅcａｎonicａl，ｉncｌｕdedinart-ｈistorｙboｏks.Otｈｅrｓwereleｓsｅrｋnｏwnｂutｏfcoｍｐａrabｌeqｕalｉty.Theseweｒeexｐoseｄfouｒtimesaｓｏfｔeｎ．Ａfterwards,tｈestudentspreｆerredthｅmｔotｈecanonicalwｏrks,ｗhilｅacｏnｔrｏｌgroｕpoｆsｔudｅntslｉkeｄtheｃanｏｎｉcaｌｏｎesｂｅst.Cuttinｇ?sｓｔudentshadgｒoｗntoｌｉketｈｏsepaｉnｔｉnｇsmorｅsimpｌｙｂecausetheｙhadseｅｎｔｈｅmｍore．[D]Cuttingbelｉeveshisｅｘpeｒiｍｅntoｆfeｒｓaclueastohowcaｎoｎsareｆorｍｅｄ.Heｐointsｏuｔｔｈatthemoｓｔreprｏducedworksoｆimpressioｎisｍtｏｄayｔenｄtoｈavebeenboughｔbyfiveorsixｗｅalthyａndiｎfluentｉaｌｃｏlleｃｔorsｉnｔhelａtｅ1９tｈcentuｒy.Thｅpreferｅncesoftｈesｅmenbeｓtowedｐｒeｓtｉgｅｏｎｃｅｒtainｗｏrks,ｗｈiｃhmadetｈｅwｏrksmorelikｅlyｔobehungiｎgallｅｒｉeｓandprinｔｅdiｎantholｏgies.Tｈefamepａｓｓeｄdowｎｔhｅｙｅaｒs,gaiｎingmomｅntｕmfromｍereexposuｒeａsitdidsｏ.Theｍｏreｐeｏpｌewereexpｏｓedｔo，ｔheｍoreｔheylikeｄit,andthｅmｏretheylikeｄit,tｈｅｍoreitapｐeａｒｅdiｎbooｋｓ，ｏｎpostｅｒsandｉnbｉｇexhｉbｉtionｓ.Mｅanwhile,ａcadｅmｉｃsanｄcritiｃｓcreatｅdsophistiｃatｅdjustｉficatioｎsfoｒitspｒe-ｅmineｎce．Aｆｔerall,it?snoｔjｕｓttｈｅmasseswhｏteｎdtorａｔewｈatｔhｅｙseｅmorｅｏftenmorｅhｉghlｙ.AsｃontemporaryarｔiｓtｓlikｅWarholaｎdＤａmiｅnＨirsthavｅgraspeｄ,criticalaｃclaimｉｓdｅeｐlyentｗｉneｄwiｔhpubｌiciｔｙ.“Ｓcholａrs”,Ｃuttingａrgues，“arenoｄifferenｔfromtｈepuｂlicintheeffectsｏｆmerｅｅxposure.”[Ｅ]ＴhｅprｏcessdeｓcribeｄｂyCuｔtｉngevｏkesaprinｃiｐlethａttheｓociｏlｏｇｉｓtDｕnｃanWaｔtscalｌs“cｕmｕlativeadvaｎtaｇe”:onceaｔhinｇbecomｅspopulaｒ，ｉtwilltｅndtｏbecｏｍemorepopularsｔｉll.Ａｆｅwyｅarsagｏ,Watts,whoiｓemｐｌoyedbyMicrosofｔtoｓtudyｔhedｙｎamicsofｓociaｌｎｅtworkｓ,hadasｉｍiｌaｒeｘpｅriｅncetoCuｔtｉngiｎａnｏｔhｅｒPaｒiｓmｕsｅｕm.Ａｆterqueuｉngtoｓeetｈe“MonａＬｉｓa”iniｔsｃlｉmatｅ－ｃｏｎtｒollｅdｂulｌetproｏｆｂoxaｔtheＬｏuvrｅ，hecａｍeawaypuzzｌed:ｗｈｙwａsitｃonｓｉdeｒｅdsoｓuｐｅriｏｒｔotｈｅｔhrｅeｏtｈeｒLeonardosinｔheｐreviouｓchambｅr,towhichnｏbodyｓｅemedｔoｂｅpaｙingｔhｅsligｈtestattｅntion?[Ｆ］WhenWatｔslooｋedintotheｈistoryoｆ“thegｒeａｔestpaintingofａlltｉmｅ”,hｅdｉｓcｏverｅｄｔhaｔ,foｒmostofitslife，tｈｅ“MonaLiｓa”remaiｎeｄiｎreｌａｔｉｖeobscuｒity.Intｈｅ１850s,ＬeonardoｄaVinciwaｓconsidｅｒｅｄnomaｔｃhfｏrgiantsofRｅnａiｓsancearｔｌiｋeTitiａnandRaｐhael,whｏｓeｗorksweｒewｏrthalmostｔentimeｓasmuchasthe“MｏｎaLisa”.Itwａsonlyｉｎtｈｅ20tｈcｅntuｒythａtＬｅｏnａｒdｏ?ｓpoｒtrａitｏfhｉｓpａtron?ｓwifｅｒｏcketeｄtothenumbeｒ-onespot.Whａtｐｒoｐeｌleｄittherｅwasｎ?tasｃhoｌaｒlｙre-evaluaｔiｏn,butaｔhｅｆｔ.［G］Ｉn1９11ａmaiｎtenancｅｗorkeraｔtｈｅLouｖｒｅｗａlkｅｄoｕｔofｔhｅmｕｓeｕmwitｈthe“ＭｏnaLisa”hiｄdｅnunｄｅrhｉｓsｍock.Parisiａｎswereａｇｈａstaｔtｈetｈefｔofａpaintiｎｇtｏwhｉｃh,ｕntｉlthen,tｈeyhadpａidlｉttleaｔteｎtｉｏn.Whenｔｈemuｓeｕmreｏpenｅd,pｅｏplｅquｅuedtoseethｅgaｐwhｅrｅｔhe“ＭｏnaLisａ”ｈａｄoncehｕngiｎawａytｈｅyhaｄｎｅverdｏneｆorthepaintiｎgitｓelf.Ｆromtheｎon,the“MｏnaＬisa”cａmetorｅprｅsentWestｅrｎculｔureitselｆ.[H］Alｔhoughmanｙｈａｖetrieｄ,itdoesseemimprobａblｅtｈａtthepainting？suniqｕestａtuscanｂeattributｅｄentｉreｌyｔｏthequaｌｉtｙｏfiｔsｂｒｕｓｈｓtrokeｓ．Itｈasbeｅnsaidthattｈｅsｕbject?ｓｅyｅｓfoｌlowthｅｖiｅｗｅrarｏundtheroom.Butasｔhepaｉntｉng?sbioｇｒapｈｅr,DonaldSaｓsoon,drｙｌyｎotes,“Inｒealitytheｅffecｔcaｎbｅoｂｔaiｎｅｄfｒomaｎyportrait.”ＤuncanWａｔtspｒoposestｈａttｈe“MonａLisa”ismｅrelyanｅxtremeexａmpleoｆａgenｅraｌｒulｅ.Paintingｓ,ｐｏeｍsandpopｓongsarebuoｙedorsuｎkｂyｒandomeventsorprefereｎcｅstｈａtturniｎtowavesoｆinfluencｅ,rｉpplinｇｄoｗntｈegeｎerations．[I]“Saｙingthatcultuｒaｌobjｅｃtshavevalｕe，”ＢrｉanＥnｏoncewrote,“iｓlikesayiｎgthattｅlephonｅshａveconvｅrsations．”Ｎearlｙalltｈeｃulturａlobjｅcｔswecｏnsumｅarrｉｖewrappｅdininhｅｒitｅdoｐinｉon;oｕrpreferencesaｒealwaｙs,tosomｅexｔent,ｓomeoneｅlsｅ？s.Ｖisｉｔｏrｓtothｅ“MonaLisa”knowtheyareaｂoｕｔｔoviｓitthegｒeaｔeｓｔworkofarteｖerａｎdｃomeaｗａyapproｐrｉatｅlyimpｒesseｄ—ｏrｌetｄｏwn.Anａuｄienceataperformanceoｆ“Ｈamlet”knoｗｉtisregａrdｅdaｓａworkｏfgeniuｓ，sothaｔisｗhattheｙmｏstlysee.Waｔｔsevｅncａllｓtheprｅ-emiｎｅｎ