2022-2023学年北京丰台区高三上学期期末练习英语学科试卷（WORD版）

08/909/9/丰台区2022~2023学年度第一期期末练习高三英语2023.01考生须知1.答题前，考生务必先将答题卡上的学校、班级、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹签字笔填写清楚，并认真核对条形码上的准考证号、姓名，在答题卡的“条形码粘贴区”贴好条形码。2.本次练习所有答题均在答题卡上完成。选择题必须使用2B铅笔以正确填涂方式将各小题对应选项涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦除干净后再选涂其它选项。非选择题必须使用标准黑色字迹签字笔书写，要求字体工整、字迹清楚。3.请严格按照答题卡上题号在相应答题区内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在练习卷、草稿纸上答题无效。4.本练习卷满分共100分，作答时长90分钟。笔试（共三部分100分）第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Iwasluckyenoughtotestintothebesthighschoolinthecity.Butthencamemy1:AmIgoodenough?Itwasaquestionthat2methroughmyfirstmonth,evenasbegantosettlein,evenasIgotusedtotheearlymorningwake-upsandmovingbetweenbuildingsforclass.IknewIhadtoworktogroundmyself.Myearlieststrategyinvolvedkeepingquietandtryingto3mynewclassmates.Whowerethesekidsanyway?Howdidtheylearninschool?AllIknewwasthattheywerethesmartestkidsinthecity,obviously.4wasn’tIaswell?Hadn’tIlandedherebecauseIwassmartlikethem?ThetruthisthatIdidn’tknow.This5waslikeadeadlycellthatthreatenedtodivideanddivideagain,unlessIcouldfindsomewaytostopit.Fortunately,myfirstroundofgradesturnedouttobe6,andsodidmysecond.Overthecourseofmyfirsttwoyears,Ibegantobuildthesamekindof7I’dhadatmypreviousschool.Witheachlittleachievement,mydoubt8tookleave.Ilovedanysubjectthatinvolvedwritingandlaboredthroughmath.Ihadclassmateswhowerealwaysasteportwoaheadofme,whoseachievementsseemedeffortless,butItriednottoletthatgettome.IwasbeginningtounderstandthatifIputinextrahoursofstudying,Icouldoften9thegap.Iwasn’tastraight-Astudent,butIwasalways10andImadeprogress.1.A.excitement B.satisfaction C.anger D.worry2.A.freed B.dogged C.warmed D.guided3.A.observe B.admire C.support D.calm4.A.Or B.So C.But D.For5.A.guess B.doubt C.interest D.risk6.A.excellent B.average C.different D.unique7.A.responsibility B.friendship C.confidence D.teamwork8.A.suddenly B.frequently C.accidentally D.slowly9.A.close B.notice C.locate D.create10.A.expecting B.trying C.wondering D.suffering第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。AGaryisachildren’sbookauthor.Hefirstbecame11（interest）incartoonartwhenhewasachild.Heenjoyedwritingstoriesabouthischaractersandsharing12（they）withothers.Howeverhewasquitedisappointedwhentheadultspraisedhiscartoonworksjustoutofpoliteness.13（improve）thisawkwardsituation,Garystartedwritingfunnystories.He14（know）evenpoliteadultscouldnotpretendalaugh.BSavingnatureisattheveryheartofwhatwedoasWWF.Weprotectwildlife15manyreasons.Itisasourceofinspiration.Itboostsasenseofwonder.Itisfundamentaltothebalanceofnature.Inourwork,WWFfocusesonsavingpopulationsofthemost16（importance）speciesinthewild.Finally,byprotectingspecies,wesavethisbeautifulandirreplaceableplanet17iscalledhome.CSchlossandherpartnersetouttofindout18peoplelikecertaincolorsmorethanothers.Theirstudiessuggestthatcolorpreference19（cause）byhowsomeonefeelsaboutobjectsofthatcolor.Forexample,peopleoftenlikeblue20itremindsthemofclearskiesandcleanwater.Ontheotherhand,peopletendtoshyawayfrombrownbecausetheyareremindedofthefoodthathasgonebad.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AExploreyourworld—MirthyOnlineeventstohelpyoudiscover,learnandconnectWhoisMirthy?Mirthyisoneofthemostpopularwebsitesforonlineeventsandalreadylovedandtrustedbymorethan45,000people.Itwasdesignedtocreateaninclusivecommunitywherepeoplecanlearnshareandconnectwithothersthroughavarietyofeventsthatareactive,sociable,anduplifting.It’sallaboutfulfilmentandwellbeing.Therearesomeonlineeventseachmonthtotry,fromcraftworkshops（手工工坊）tofitnesssessions.Forexample,accordingtooureventcalendar,thisweekyoucanattendgardeningclassesandsinginglessons.Sowhetheryouhaveadesiretogetfitterortopickupanewskill—signingupforclassesandeventswithMirthycouldbejustwhatyouhavebeenlookingfor.Howdoesitwork?SignupviatheonlineM.M.Thenyoucantakealookthroughthecalendarofupcomingeventsandseewhattakesyourfancy.Onceyouregisterforaneventyouwillthenreceivealinkonemailreadyforyoutojointheliveevent.Ifyourplanschangeandyoucan’tmakeit,youwillreceivealinkfora7-dayreplaythatyoucanwatchatatimethatisconvenientforyou!Bestofall,it’scompletelyFREEtojoinJoinMirthyforfreetodayandyoucanenjoyany4eventseverymonth,forfree!Ifyou’reupformore,thenyoucaneitherselectandbookadditionaleventsonapay-as-you-gobasis,normallyfor￡2.99each,oryoucanupgradetothePremiummembershipgivingyoufullfreeaccesstoalleventsforonly￡4.99permonth.IfyouchoosetogoforthePremiummembership,there’snocontract.Yousimplyupgradeyourmembershipandyoucancancelanytime.21.WhatcanpeopledoatMirthythisweek?A.Makeartcrafts. B.Talkaboutfitnessexperience.C.Learnsongs. D.Studywildplantsandanimals.22.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutMirthy?A.Peoplecansignupfortheeventsonline.B.Theeventscanbewatchedagainatanytime.C.Peoplecanupgradetheirmembershipforfree.D.Nomorethan4eventsareofferedeachmonth.23.What’sthemainpurposeofthispassage?A.Tosharealifestyle. B.Torecommendawebsite.C.Tointroduceonlineevents. D.Toexplainaregistrationprocess.BItwasaweekaftermymomhadpassedawayandIdidn’tknowhowtogoonwithlife.SowhenIreceivedanemailfromafriendaboutaracebenefitingcancerresearch,Iignoredit.Iseemedtooclosetotheheart,ascancerwasthediseasethathadtakenmymotherawayfromme.Butsomethingaboutmyfriend’swords—“Icanhelporganizethewholething”—stuckwithmeIfeltobliged（有义务的）toagree.Intheweekstocome,Imanagedtore-entertheworldofthelivingIcheckedourteam’swebsitedaily,feelingproudeachtimeadonationtickedupourtotal.Iknewmymomwouldhavewanteditthatway.Shewasthetypewhonevergotdefeated.Itwasthisveryspiritthathelpedmegetby.Whentheraceended,Inoticedtherunnersallhadonethingincommon:Therewerebigsmilesontheirfaces.Theymadeitlooksorewardingandeffortless.Iwantedin.SoIenrolledinanotherracetwomonthslaterConsideringIcouldbarelyrunamile,itwasambitious.ButmyfriendandImadeatrainingplansoIwouldn’tcomeinlast.Ifolloweditreligiouslyanddidn’tletanythinggetinmyway.Runningupanddownthecity’shills,Iwasfloodedwithmemories.Ihadlivedthereaftercollegeandmymotherhadvisitedoften.IpassedBloomingdale’s,recallingthetimesheandIhadgottenintoascreamingargumentthere.IwasabouttobeatmyselfupwhenIrememberedwhatMomhadsaidafterherdiagnosisofcancer.“Idon’twantyoutofeelguiltyaboutanything.”Herpaper-thinhandshadheldmetightly.Aweightliftedfrommyshoulders.Whentheracedayarrived,Igaveitmyallformymomandforallshehadtaughtmeandcontinuedtoteachme.AsIran,wheneverIfeltlikeslowingdown,Ipicturedhercheeringmeon.Crossingthefinishline,Iwasfilledwithherloveandasenseofpeace.24.Whydidtheauthorignoretheemailinthebeginning?A.Shefeltithardtofinishtherace.B.Shehadnotimetojoinintheevent.C.Shethoughttheresearchmeaningless.D.Shewasremindedofhermother’sdeath.25.Whatmainlyhelpedtheauthorrecoverfromhermom’sdeath?A.Thecompanyofherfriends. B.Theinspirationfromhermom.C.Thepleasureingoingforarun. D.Thesuccessinorganizinganevent.26.Whichofthewordscanbestdescribetheauthor’smom?A.Considerateandpolite. B.Braveandhumorous.C.Strong-willedandcaring. D.Outgoingandpatient.27.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.HowIGotHealedinRunning B.TheLossofSweetMemoriesC.WhatMattersMostinRunning D.TheRewardsofGreatFriendshipCOvermillionsofyearshumanshaverespondedtocertainsituationswithoutthinkingtoohard.Ifourancestorsspottedmovementinthenearbyforest,theywouldrunfirstandquestionlater.Atthesametime,theabilitytoanalyzeandtoplanispartofwhatseparatesusfromotheranimals.Thequestionofwhentotrustyourinstinct（直觉）andwhentothinkslowmattersintheofficeasmuchasinthesavannah（草原）.Slowthinkingisthefeatureofawell-managedworkplace.Yetinstinctalsohasitsplace.Somedecisionsaremoreconnectedtoemotionalresponsesandlesstoanalysis.Indemandingcustomer-serviceorpublic-facingsituations,instinctisoftenabetterguidetohowtobehave.Instinctcanalsobeimproved.Plentyofresearchhasshownthatinstinctbecomesmoreunerringwithexperience.Inonewell-knownexperiment,volunteerswereaskedtoassesswhetheraselectionofdesignerhandbagswererealornot.Somewereinstructedtooperateoninstinctandotherstodeliberate（深思熟虑）overtheirdecision.Instinctworkedbetterforthosewhoownedatleastthreedesignerhandbags;indeed,itoutperformedanalysis.Themoreexpertyoubecome,thebetteryourinstincttendstobe.However,therealreasontoembracefastthinkingisthatitis,well,fast.Itisoftentheonlywaytogetthroughtheday.Totakeoneexample,whenyourinboxfloodswithnewemailsatthestartofanewday,thereisabsolutelynowaytoreadthemallcarefully.Instinctiswhathelpsyoudecidewhichonestoanswerandwhichtodeleteorleaveunopened.Fastthinkingcanalsohelptheentireorganization.Thevalueofmanymanagerialdecisionsliesinthesimplefactthattheyhavebeenmadeatall.Yetasdataexplodes,thetemptation（诱惑）toaskforonemorebitofanalysishasbecomemuchhardertoresist.Managersoftensufferfromoverthinking,turningasimpleproblemintoacomplexone.Whentouseinstinctintheworkplacerestsonitsownformofpatternrecognition.Doesthedecisionmakerhaverealexpertiseinthisarea?Isthisafieldinwhichemotionmattersmorethanreasoning?Aboveall,isitworthdelayingthedecision?Slowthinkingisneededtogetthebigcallsright.Butfastthinkingisthewaytostopdeliberationturningtoawasteoftime.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“unerring”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Accurate. B.Creative. C.Controllable. D.Obvious.29.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Managerscanaffordthecostofslowthinking.B.Fastthinkingcanbeaboosttoworkefficiency.C.Slowthinkingwillholdusbackinthelongrun.D.Toomuchdataistoblameforwrongdecisions.30.Whatistheauthor'spurposeofwritingthepassage?A.Toexplainhowinstinctworks.B.Tocompareinstinctandslowthinking.C.Tohighlightthevalueofinstinctintheworkplace.D.Toillustratethedevelopmentofdifferentthinkingpatterns.DItallstartedwhenItypedaperfectlyreasonableprompt（提示词）intooneofseveralappsonthemarketthatcancreateanimagebasedontext.“Skullspacelaserdinosaurstarshipexplosion,”Iwrote.Theappprocessedforafewseconds,andreturnedfourimages,oneofwhichwasstrangelyaccurate:adinosaur-lookingskullscreamedoutofanemptyspace,trailingfire.Itlookedlikeanillustrationfromtheartmagazine,andperhapsartfromthemagazineinfluenceditscreation.Text-to-imageAIsidentifyimagesbylookingatthetextthatpeoplehaveusedtodescribethosepicturesonline.Whentheappgotmyprompt,itstudiedimagesthatrandompeoplehaddescribedas“dinosaur”orlaserandsoonthenusedwhatiscalledadiffusionmodel（扩散模型）toaddabunchofrandomchaostothosepictures.Oncetheyweresuitablycompleted,it“upscaled”them,removingnoiseandsharpeningfocus.ItsworkissogoodthatanartistusingitrecentlywonfirstplacefordigitalimagesattheColoradoStateFair.Buttherearemajorethical（道德的）issuesraisedbythesuccessofsuchAIs.Thebiggesthastodowiththosetrainingdatasets.ReportersrecentlydiscoveredthatthedatasetusedbyText-to-imageAIscontainedimagesofviolence.Somecompaniesareworkingonwaystopreventthepublicfromseeingimagesbasedonoffensiveandillegalpicturesinthedataset.Arepresentativeofthecompaniesalsonotedthattheimagesinitsdatasetare“alreadyavailableinthepublicinternetonpubliclyavailablewebsites”.ButevenifthisproblemisfixedthereisstillthequestionofalltheotherpicturesonlinethatarebeingtransformedintoAI-generatedmasterpieces.Asmanyartistshavepointedout,theirworksarebeingusedwithoutpayment.Theimage-generatingalgorithm（算法）createsillustrationsandevenmoviesbyusingdatasetsstockedwithartstolenfromartistswhoposttheirworksonline.SomeAIresearchersarguethattheiralgorithmsaren’tstealingfromartistssomuchaslearningfromthemjustashumanartistslearnfromeachother.Butamoreethicalapproachwouldbeforcompaniestoacknowledgetheirdebttoartistsandcreateamodelofvoluntarycollectivelicensing,muchlikewhatradiostationsfirstdidinradio’searlydays.Backthen,musicianscreatedgroupslikeBMItocollectivelylicensetheirmusictoradiostations—thenBMIwouldpayartistsbasedonhowoftentheirsongswereplayed.Perhapsartistsandartinstitutionstodaycouldforma“collectingsociety”thatwouldallowcompaniestolicensetheirartworkfordatasets.TocreateethicalAIsystems,weneedtoacknowledgethepeoplewhoseworkmakesthosesystemssomagical.Wecan’tsimplysnarfupeveryimageonline-weneedhumanstomanagethosedatasetsandweneedtopaythemtodoit.31.WhatcanwelearnaboutText-to-imageAIsfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Theyaredevelopedtoprocesspictures.B.Theyareusedtodescribeonlinepictures.C.Theyuseadiffusionmodeltocombinepictures.D.Theycreatetheirworksbasedononlinepictures.32.OneoftheissuesraisedbythesuccessofText-to-imageAIsis______.A.theinfluenceuponartcreation. B.theavailabilityofonlinepictures.C.theneglectoftheartists’copyright. D.theprospectofartistsbeingreplaced.33.WhydidtheauthormentionBMIinParagraph5?A.TointroducetherolethatBMIplayedinAIhistory.B.Topresentawaytoregulatetheuseofonlinepictures.C.Toprovethenecessityoflicensingmusictoradiostations.D.Todemonstratetheurgencyofformingacollectingsociety.34.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Itisnotpracticaltoimprovetheimage-generatingalgorithm.B.ThefunctionofText-to-imageAIsshouldn’tbeunderestimated.C.HumaneffortsshouldbevaluedintheapplicationofText-to-imageAIs.D.Companiesshouldbeheldresponsiblefortheillegalpicturesonpublicwebsites.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Itwon’tsoundlikeabigsurprisewhenItellyouthatkindnessplaysanimportantroleinaperson’swellbeing.Itcanleadtochangeslikehigherself-esteem（自尊心）andlowerbloodpressure.Evenjustwitnessingactsofkindnesscanmakeushappier.35“Fromgivingawayacupofhotchocolateinaparktogivingawayagiftinthelab,thoseperforminganactofkindnessconsistentlyunderestimatedhowpositivetheirreceiverswouldfeel,thinkingtheiractwasoflessvaluethanreceiversperceivedittobe,”statesastudy.36Yet,whyistherethisdifferencebetweenwhatwethinksomeonewillfeelfromanactofkindnessversuswhattheydofeel?Whydoweunderestimatetheimpactwehaveonothers?Manyofusdon’thavearealsenseofourvalue.It’sbeenestimatedthatasmanyas85percentofpeoplestrugglewithlowself-esteem.37This“voice”tendstoshiftourfocusinwardassessingoureverymove,andhavingbadeffectonourrelationships.Unlikeaconscience（良心）,thisinnercriticdoesn’tmotivatepositivebehavior.38Iencouragesustoholdbackfeedingusthoughtslike,“Don’tstickyourneckout”:“Noonewantstohearfromyou”;and“You’regoingtomakeafoolofyourself.”Onewonderfulwaytofightagainstourcriticalinnervoiceisthroughactsofbeingkindtoothers.39Wemustalsotrytoseeourselvesthroughtheeyesofthepeopleweaffect.Thedegreetowhichwe’reabletodothatwillhelpdetermineourownhappinessalongwiththehappinesswelightupinothers.A.However,theworkdoesn’tstopthere.B.Peoplemaylowerthevalueoftheirownkindcomments.C.Weallcarryarounda“criticalinnervoice”thattendstoputusdown.D.Insteadofseeingwhatwehavetooffer,wemaythinkofourselvesasaburden.E.Thismisunderstandingsuggeststhatpeopledevaluetheirownactionsinrelationtoothers.F.Instead,itturnsusagainstourselves,makingusunderestimateourbeneficialeffectonothers.G.Yet,peoplemaynottrulyknowtheimpactthateventhesmallestofkindactscanhaveonanotherperson.第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Beforeendinguponasupermarketshelf,anavocado（牛油果）hasproduced1.3kilogramsofcarbonintotheatmosphere.Itsproductionaloneconsumes60gallonsofwater.Despitethis,thefruitwilloftenbethrownawayashouseholdwaste.Householdfoodwasteistheresultofmismanagement.Muchofthewasteisavoidableandthefoodmayhavebeeneatenhaditbeenbettermanaged.Toreducehouseholdfoodwaste,agrowingnumberoffoodretailersdecidetoremovedatelabelling（标签）,suchasthe“use-by”or“best-before”date,fromsomefreshfooditems.Paststudieshaveconfirmedtheimportanceofdatelabelling.Almost60%ofwesternEuropeanconsumerssurveyedsaidthey“always”checkdatelabelswhilepurchasing.Butdatelabellinghaslongcomeundercriticismbecausefailuretotrulyunderstanddatelabellingoftenleadstounreasonabledecisionmaking.Indeed,consumerscommonlydon’tacceptedible（可食用的）,butdate-expired（过期的）food.Theremovalofdatelabellingisthereforeapromisingstart.Withoutdatelabels,informationthatmayaffectconsumers’understandingofwhatisedible,isremoved.Instead,consumersareencouragedtosense-checkfreshfooditems.Inthecaseofanavocado,theadvicegiventoconsumersisthatwhenripe,itshouldhavea“pleasantandslightlysweetaroma（气味）”,whiletheskinshouldbe“darkgreenorbrown”.Informationisalsoprovidedonhowanavocadoshouldlook,taste,andfeelwhen“overripe”.Itishopedthatabetterinformedconsumerwillbelesslikelytoblindlythrowawayfoodduetoanexpirationdate.40.Whatdofoodretailersdecidetodotoreducehouseholdfoodwaste?41.Whyhasdatelabellinglongbeencriticized?42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.?Ifconsumerscanbebetterinformed,theywillnotacceptedible,butdate-expiredfood.