周宏灏院士(封山之作)药理学总论PPT-1

中南高校临床药理探讨所csupharmacolPharmacologyChapter1.

Introduction

AboutPharmacologyChapter2.

Pharmacokinetics WhatthebodydoestoadrugChapter3.

Pharmacodynamics WhatadrugdoestothebodyChapter4.

Factoraffectingdrugefficacy HowtouseadrugrationallyGeneralPrinciplesChapter1

IntroductionWhatispharmacology

Pharmacologyisthescienceofstudyingtheeffectofdrugsonlivingorganisms.

Scientificstudyoftheinteractionsbetweendrugsandthebody.DrugActionandMechanismAbsorption,Distribution,Metabolism,ExcretionPharmacodynamics,PDPharmacokinetics,PKDrug-bodyinteractionWhatisdrugAchemicalsubstancethatcanmodulatethecurrentphysiologicalstatusquoofabiologicalsystem.Achemicalwhichisutilizedforthediagnosis,preventionandcureofanunwantedhealthcondition(definitionbyFDA)AncientNaturalproductsPlantsAnimalsMineralsModernActiveprinciplesofnaturalproductsArtificialsyntheticsFullsyntheticSemisyntheticBiologicalengineering

SourceofdrugsPoppyRawopiumOpiumtinctureMorphineCodeine…Fromnaturalproducttoactiveprinciplesfoxglove

digoxin

deadlynightshadeatropineFromnaturalproducttoactiveprinciplesExplorethepharmacokineticandpharmacodynamicfeaturesofdrugsProbethemysteryoflifeprocessFindanddevelopnewdrugsMissionsofpharmacology

TheLongRoadtoaNewMedicine

ProcessofDrugDevelopmentsynthesisScreenPhaseIIClinicaltrialPhaseIIIclinicaltrialPhaseIclinicaltrialAnimalPK/PD/ToxDosageformCandidatechemicalsDesignApplicationMarketingHistoryofmedicinesPhaseI:UsingnaturalproductstotreatdiseasesChina:ShengNong’sHerbalClassic(神农本草经),described365TCM;CompendiumofMateriaMedica(本草纲目),described1892TCMGreeks;e.g.Dioscorides:Demateriamedica(药物学),

described600plantsIslamicphysicians;e.g.Avicenna:HerbalmedicinePhaseII:ScientificUsingpuredrugcompoundsUnderstandingphysiopathologyofdiseasesandpharmacologyofdrugsFrancoisMagendie(1783-1855),aFrenchphysiologist，Experimentalprocedureswithanimalsfordeterminationofdrugaction.FredrickSurturner(1783-1841)isolatedthechiefalkaloidofopium,Morphine–purechemicalsandrepeatedquantitatively

ClaudeBernard(1813-1878)，investigatedtheplantextractcurareandproposedasiteofactionforthisagent.RudolphBuchheim(1820-1879).In1847establishedthefirstlaboratoryinthebasementofhishomeinDorpatwhichisthecradleofexperimentalpharmacology.OswaldSchmiedeberg(1838-1921).In1872setupaninstituteofpharmacologyinStrasbourg,whichbecameameccafortraininginpharmacologyModernpharmacologyoriginatedinEuropeHistoryofpharmacologyChapter2

PharmacokineticsWhydomeneedtoknowPK?Optimizedrugtherapytoobtainapredictableresponse!DrugofchoiceHowmuchHowoftenForhowlongThedosemakesmedicine –Paracelsus1538TherapeuticGoalisto:Achievedrugconcentrations…atthesiteofaction(targettissue)…thataresufficientlyhighenough…toproducetheintendedeffect…withoutproducingadversedrugreactions.DrugAdministrationDrugConcentrationinSystemicCirculationDruginTissuesofDistributionDrugMetabolismorExcretedDrugConcentrationatSiteofActionPharmacologicEffectClinicalResponseToxicityEfficacyPharmacokineticsPharmacodynamicsAbsorptionDistributionEliminationDrugatabsorptionsiteMetabolitesExcreteddrugDruginbodyTime%ofdose20406080100Section1Ch.2DrugTransportTr