2023年月大学英语六级考试真题目

２023年12月大学英语六级考试真题PartⅠＷrｉtｉnｇ（3０ｍiｎuｔes)Ｄirectiｏns:Ｆoｒｔhiｓpａｒt,ｙoｕａrealloｗed３0miｎｕtestowrｉｔeashortessayenｔitlｅdＳｈoｕldPaｒentsSendＴheiｒKidstoArｔClａsses？Yｏushouldｗriteａtlｅａst150woｒdsfｏｌlowingtheoｕtlｉｎegｉvenbｅloｗ.1.现在有不少家长送孩子参与各种艺术班2．对这种做法有人表达支持，也有人并不赞成３.我认为……SｈｏuｌdParentsＳeｎdTheｉｒＫidstｏＡrｔＣlasses?PａrｔⅡReadｉngComｐrehｅnsion(SkimｍiｎｇanｄScａnniｎg)(15miｎｕtes)Dirｅｃｔiｏns:Inthiｓｐart，ｙoｕwiｌlhaｖe15ｍiｎuteｓtogoovｅrｔhepaｓsagｅquicklyandａnswｅrthｅquesｔionsonAｎswerＳheet1.Forｑuestｉｏns１-7,choosethebeｓｔanｓｗerｆｒomthｅｆouｒcｈｏiｃesmarkedＡ),B),C)ａndD).Ｆorquｅｓtiｏnｓ8-10,ｃompleteｔhesenｔｅnceswｉｔhtｈeｉnfoｒmａtiongiｖeｎｉnthepasｓagｅ.BosｓesSaｙ“Yes”ｔoHoｍeWoｒkRisingcoｓtｓoｆｏfficespaｃe,tｉmeｌoｓｔtosｔｒessｆulcoｍｍｕtｉｎｇ,aｎdａslowｒｅｃognitioｎthatworkersｈａｖｅlｉｖeｓｂeyoｎdtｈｅoffice—aｌlaｒｅstrongａｒgｕmentsforletｔｉｎgstａffworkfｒｏmhoｍe.Forthｅsmａllbusｉness,tｈeｒeareaddｉtionaｌｂenｅfitstoo—sｔａffaｒeｍoｒepｒoｄuctivｅ,anｄｈappieｒ，ｅnablｉngfiｒmstokeepthｅiｒheadｃounts(员工数)andｔheirｒecｒuｉｔmentcｏststoaminｉmum.Ｉtcanａlｓｏprovｉdecompetｉtiveａdvantage,especiallywhenｓmalｌｂｕsineｓｓeswａntｔｏａtｔractnewｓtａffbutdon’tｈａvｅｔhebudgettooｆferhugeｓaｌariｅs.Wｈilecompanymａnaｇerｓｈavｅｋｎoｗnabouｔｔhebeneｆitsｆoralonｇtｉme,manyhavedonelittleａｂoutｉｔ,scｅpticalofwｈetｈerｔheycoulｄtrusttｈeiremｐlｏｙｅestowｏｒｋtofullcａｐａcitｙｗithｏｕｔsupervisｉｏｎ,orｃoncｅrnｅdａbouttｈeａｄdｉtionalｅｘｐeｎsestｅｌeｗorkiｎgpｏliciesｍｉｇhtiｎcuｒasstａffstartchargiｎgtheiｒhoｍephonｅbilｌstoｔhebｕｓinｅsｓ.Ｙettｈisｉsnowchangiｎｇ.WhencｏmmunicationsｐrovideｒＩnter-Telresearｃhｅｄtｈeuｓeoｆｒｅmoｔeｗｏrkingｓoｌutｉonsamonｇsｍall-and-medium-sizｅdＵＫbuｓｉnessesｉnAｐｒｉlｔhisｙear，itｆouｎｄｔhat28%morecompanｉesclａｉmｅdtｏhavｅintroduceｄfleｘibleｗoｒｋingpraｃｔicesthanayearago.ThｅUKｎetｗorkofBusｉnesｓLｉnksconｆｉrmsthatiｔtｏohaｓseeｎａｇrowinginｔｅｒestinｒeｍｏｔewｏｒkiｎgsolｕｔionsfroｍsmaｌlbｕｓinesseｓseekingiｔｓadvice，ａnｄｃｌaimstｈaｔａsmaｎｙaｓ60-７０％ofｔhebusinessｅsthatcoｍｅthroｕghｉtsdoｏrsnowoffｅrsoｍefoｒmoｆremｏteworkinｇｓuｐｐｏｒttｏｔｈeｉrｗｏrkｆｏrceｓ.Technｏloｇｙａdｖａｎｃeｓ,includingtｈewiｄｅsｐrｅadavailabiｌityｏｆbｒoadband,ａreｍakingｔheｉntrodｕctｉoｎofremoteworkingapｉeceofcaｋe.“Iｆsｙｓtemsarｅsｅtｕｐpｒopeｒlｙ,ｓtａffcanhaｖeacｃesstoａlltherｅsourceｓtheyｈａveinｔheoｆfｉcewｈereveｒtheyhaｖeａnintｅrnetconｎection，”saysＡｎｄyPoulｔoｎ，e-businesｓａdvisoratBusinｅsｓＬinｋforBeｒkshireanｄWiltshire.“Ｔhｅｒｅaｒesｏmｅｖeｒyeｘcitingdｅｖeloｐmentswhichhａveenａbｌｅdtｈiｓ.”Ｏneistheavaｉlabｉｌityoｆbroadbandevｅrywｈere,wｈichnoｗｃoversaｌmosｔaｌｌoftｈecｏuntｒy(BTclaimｓthaｔ,byＪuｌy,99.８%ｏfitseｘcｈａngｅsｗｉllｂｅbroａdbandenabｌed,wｉthalｔerｎativeplａnｓiｎｐｌacｅforeveｎtｈemostrｅmoteｅxchanges).“Thiｓiｓtheeｎａｂｌer,”Ｐouｌｔonsayｓ．Yeｔwｈilebrｏａｄbandｈascoｍｅdoｗninpriceｔoo,thoseserviceｐｒoviderstａrgeｔingｔｈebusinｅssmarkｅtwaｒnagaiｎstcｏnsumerseｒｖiｃesmaｓquerading(伪装)asbuｓinｅsｓ-friendlybroａdbａｎd．“Broaｄbaｎdisavaｉlableforaslittlｅａs￡15amontｈ,ｂutmanybusinessesｆaｉlｔｏａppｒｅciaｔetｈeｈiddeｎcｏstsofsucｈasｅrvice，”saｙsNｅｉlSteｐhenson,ｓaｌesanｄｍaｒｋeｔingｄｉrｅctoratOnyxInterneｔ,aninterneｔseｒviceprovidｅrbａseｄinthenorth－ｅastoｆEnｇlanｄ．“Pｒoviderｓofｆeｒingbroaｄbａndforrock－ｂotｔompricesａrenoｔoriｏusforpoorserｖｉce,wiｔhregulaｒbｒeaｋｄｏwnsandhｅａvilｙcongesｔeｄ(拥堵的)netwｏｒks.Ｉtisａｌｗaysａdｖiｓabｌeforbusiｎessesｔolｏokbeyondthepricetagａｎｄlookforａbｕsinesｓ-onlｙprｏvｉｄerthatcanｏｆfeｒmorereliaｂiｌitｙ,withｇooｄｓupport.”Sｕchｓｅrvicｅsｄon’tcoｓtｔoomuch—ｑｕaｌｉtysｅｒviｃｅscanbefounｄｆｏruｐｗardsof￡30amonth.Thｅbeneｆitｓｏｆbｒoadbandtothｅoｃcaｓｉｏｎａlhomeworｋerarｅthatthｅycａnacｃｅsｓｅmａilinrealtime,andtakeｆｕlladvaｎtageofservicessuchａsinternｅt-basedｂaｃkｕpｏrｅvenｉnterｎｅｔ-bａsedｐhoｎeｓｅrvicｅs.Inｔerｎｅｔ-bａｓedteｌeｃoms，ｏｒVoIP（VoiｃeｏverＩP)ｔogiｖeｉtitｓtecｈnicａltitle，ｉsaniｎtｅreｓｔiｎgtｏolｔoaｎｙbusinesｓsｕｐportinｇremoteｗorking.Notnecessarilｙbecausｅｏｆthｅpｒomｉseｏffreeorｒeduｃｅｄprｉcepｈoｎeｃａｌls(whｉchexｐeｒｔｓpｏｉntｏutismisleadｉngfortheaｖｅraｇebｕsｉｎesｓ),butbecaｕsｅｏfthesophisｔicatｅdｖｏｉcesｅrvicesthatcanbeexploitedbytｈereｍotewoｒｋeｒ—facｉｌitiessuｃｈaｓvｏicｅmailaｎｄｃallfoｒwardinｇ,whｉcｈｐｒｏvidｅacｏntｉnuｉｔｙoｆthecｏｍpａｎｙiｍageｆorｃustomerｓａndbusinesspartnｅrs．Bylaw,coｍpaniesｍusｔ“consideｒsｅrｉously”reｑｕestsｔowｏrkfleｘiblymadeｂyａｐareｎｔwｉthａchildｕｎdｅrtｈeaｇeofｓix,oraｄisabｌｅdchildunｄｅｒ18.ItwaｓtｈｅｎeｅdｔoaccｏmmodａｔｅempｌoyｅeswithyoungchｉldreｎthaｔｍotivａｔedａccoｕntancyfirmWｒiｇhｔVigartｏbｅginｐｒomoｔinｇteleｗoｒkiｎgrecｅｎtly.Ｔｈecompanｙ,ｗｈichneededｔouｐgrａdeitsIＴiｎfｒastｒucturｅ(基础设施)topｒovｉdeconnｅctivｉｔywｉthanew,secondoffｉce,deｃｉdedtoｉntroduｃesupportｆｏrremｏtewｏrkｉngattｈｅsamｅtiｍe.ＭａrketingｄiｒecｔoｒJackO’Hernexplaiｎsthａｔｔheｃompanyｈaｓarｅlatｉｖelyyouｎgｗorkｆorcｅ,manyｏfwhoｍarｅpａreｎts:“Oneofthetriggerswaswhenoｎeofｏurtaxmａnaｇerｓreturnedfｒommａternityleave.Sｈeｗasintendingtowｏrkparｔｔimｅ,ｂutｃouldｏnlymａnａgｅonedayａweekintheｏfｆiｃeｄuetoｃhildcaｒe.Ｂyofferinｇhｅrｔｈeａbiｌｉtｙtoworkfromhoｍｅ,wehavedｏubleｄhｅrcａｐacity—nowshｅworｋsadａyawｅekfｒｏmhome,anｄａdayｉｎtheｏffｉｃe．Ｔhｉｓiｓgreatforher,anｄｆｏrｕsasweｒｅｔainsomeoneｈｉｇhｌyqualified.”ＦｏrＷｒｉｇhtVｉgａｒ，whｉｃhhａｓｎｏwequippedalｌoｆitｓfｅe-eａrｎerｓtobeabletoworkaｔmaｘiｍumｐroｄｕcｔiviｔywｈeｎawayfroｍtheoｆｆices(wheｔherｔhaｔ’ｓfｒoｍhome,oｒwｈilｅｏntherｏad）,thisstｒatｅgyisnｏtｊuｓtaboutsaｖｉngoncomｍuteｔiｍeorｃuttingthemlｏoｓefromtｈeｏffｉcｅ，butenablingthemｔoworkｍoｒｅfｌexｉblｅhoｕrstｈatfitaｒouｎdtheiｒhｏmeliｆe.O’Hernsays:“Aｌtｈoughmostoｆoｕrworkiｓclｉｅnt－basｅdanｄｍuｓｔfｉtaｒoundthｉs,ｗecan’tｓeｅanyreａsonwhｙaparentcan’tｂeonｈandtodealｗitｈsomethingｉmportantａｔhome，iftｈeyhａvetheabilitytocompｌeｔeaprojectｌatｅｒintｈｅday.”Ｓｕppｏｒtiｎgｔhisnewwaｙofworkｉｎgcamewitｈaprice,thougｈ．Ａlthoughthefiｒｍwasｕpdatｉnｇitssysｔemsaｎyway，theｃoｍpａnyspenｔ1０-15%morepｅruｓｅｒｔoeqｕiptheｍwithaｌaｐｔoprａtheｒthanaPC,aｎdａbouｔtｈesametoupgradetoaservｅｒｔhatwoｕlｄenaｂleｒemｏｔｅstafftocｏｎnectｔｏｔheｃoｍｐaｎynｅtwｏrksanｄacceｓｓalｌｔheiruｓuａｌrｅｓources.AｌｔｈoughWrightVigarhasn’tyｅtquantifiedｔｈebusｉnｅｓsbenefits,itcｌａｉmｓtｈａｔ，iｎaｄdiｔiｏntoｂeｉngａbletｏｒetainkeyｓtafｆwithｙｏuｎgfamilies,itisabｌｅtosavefee-earnersasubｓtａntiａlａmｏuntｏｆ“deａd”tｉmｅintheirｗorkingdays.Thaｔstaｆｆcaｎdotｈiswithouｔneｅdiｎgaｆｉxedteｌeｐhonｅlinｅprovidesevｅｎmoreeｆfiｃieｎｃｙsaｖiｎgｓ．“ＷithＷｉ-Ｆi(fast，wiｒelessｉnｔerneｔｃonnecｔｉｏns)pｏppiｎgupalloｖertheplａce,evｅnｏｎtｒains,ouｒfee-eaｒnｅrｓcanbｅproduｃtiｖeａstheyｔraｖel，andbetwｅenmｅetｉngs，ｉnsｔeａdoｆhａvingｔokｉlｌｔiｍeatｔhｅsｈops，”headds.Thecoｍｐaｎywillaｌｓobeａbletoａvｏidtheｅｘｐenseoｆｈaｖｉｎｇｔoｒｅlocatesｔafftotempoｒaryｏｆfｉｃｅsforseveｒalｗeeｋsｗhｅｎitｂｅgｉnsｄｉsruptiveｏfficｅｒeｎｏｖａtｉonssooｎ．ＦinanciaｌrｅcrｕitｍｅntspeｃiaｌistLynｎeHａｒgreavesｋnoｗseｘaｃｔlyhｏwmｕcｈｈerfirmhassａvｅｄbyadoptｉｎgateleworkingｓｔrａｔeｇy,wｈicｈhasiｎvｏlvedhandinghｅrcompany’ｓdａtamanagｅmenｔovertoａremｏteｈoｓtinｇｃomｐａny,Datａｎet，ｓoitｃanｂeａccessiｂlebyalltｈecoｍpany’ｓcｏnsuｌtantsovｅｒbroａｄbanｄinｔerneｔｃｏnｎectionｓ.Ithａsenａbｌeｄｔｈecｏmpanytodｉspensewithiｔsbuｓiｎeｓｓpreｍiseｓａltｏｇeｔher,foｌloｗiｎgthereaｌisatioｎｔhａｔiｔjustdiｄn’tnｅedtｈemanymore.“Ｔhemaｉｎmotivatioｎbｅhinｄadoptinghoｍewｏrｋｉngwastoincreasｅmｙownｐroｄuctivity,asasｉｎgｌemumtｏan11－yeａr－olｄ,”sayｓHargrｅaves.“ButIsｏoｎrｅalｉｓｅdthat，ａsmoｓtofoｕrbｕｓinｅssisdonｅonthｅｐhonｅ,emailaｎｄatoｆf-ｓitemeｅｔings,wｅdidn’ｔneedourｏfｆicｅｓaｔalｌ．Wｅ’ｒenowｓavｉng￡１6,00０ayeａｒonｒeｎｔ，ｐlusｔhecｏsｔofｕtiｌｉties,notｔomｅｎtionwhatwoｕldhaｖeｂeｅnspｅntoncommｕtiｎg.”1.ﻩＷhaｔisｔhemａintｏｐiｃofthispassage?A)Hｏwｂｕsiｎessmａｎａgersｖiewhi-tech．B）Ｒeｌａｔionsbetweenemｐｌoｙersandemｐlｏyees.C)Howtocutdｏwnｔｈecostsoｆsmalｌｂusiｎesses.D)Benefitｓofthｅpraｃticeｏｆｔelｅｗoｒkiｎg.2． ＦｒomtherｅsearchconｄｕctｅdbythecommunｉcationsproviｄerＩｎｔer-Ｔeｌ,ｗelｅaｒnthat.A)morｅemployeeｓwoｒktofullｃapacityatｈoｍeB)emｐloｙeesshowagｒowｉnginterestinsmalｌbｕsiｎessesC)ｍorｅbusineｓsesｈaｖｅadｏpｔedｒeｍotewｏrkingsｏlutｉonsD)aｔtｉtudｅstowardIＴtechnｏlｏgyhavechａnged３. WhａtdeｖeloｐｍenthasmadeｆｌexiblewｏrkingpｒacticeｓｐossibｌeaｃcordingtoＡｎdyPｏｕlton?A）Reducedcostoftelecoｍmunicatioｎs．B)Ｉmprovedrelｉaｂiｌｉtyｏｆｉntｅｒneｔservice.C)AvailabilｉｔｙｏftheVoＩPsｅrvice.D)Aｃcessｔｏbroａｄbａndｅverywhere.4．ﻩＷhatisNeilＳtepｈenson’sadvｉceｔofirｍsｃoｎｔractiｎginteｒnetｓｅrvｉcｅs?A）Theylooｋfｏｒｒeliａblebusiness-oｎlyｐroviders.B)Ｔhｅycｏntacｔprovｉdeｒslocａteｄnｅaｒesttoｔｈem.C)Theｙcarefullｙexaminetｈeｃontracｔ.Ｄ)Ｔhｅyｃontraｃtthecheaｐestpｒoｖｉder.5. Intｅｒneｔ-basedteleｃomsfacilｉtaｔesremoteworkｉnｇｂy____＿＿____．A)offeringsｏphisticａｔedvoｉcｅｓｅrｖicesB)gｉviｎgaccesstoeｍailingｉnreaｌtiｍeC)helpingclｉentｓdisｃｕｓsbusinessathoｍｅD)prｏvidｉngcａllsｃomｐlｅtelyfｒeｅofｃｈarｇｅ6. TｈeaｃcountanｃyfirmWrightＶｉgaｒpｒoｍotedteleｗｏrkingiｎitiａｌｌyｉnordeｒto________＿_.A)ｐｒesentaposiｔｉvｅimaｇｅｔｏｐｒoｓpｅｃtiｖecustomersB)suｐportitseｍploｙeeswｉthｃhildrentotakecａreｏｆＣ)attracｔyoｕngpｅoplewithITexpertｉsetoworｋforiｔD)rｅduｃeoｐｅraｔｉoｎaleｘpenseｓofasecｏndoffice7． AcｃｏrdiｎgtomarketinｇｄirectｏrJaｃkO’Hｅｒn，teｌeworkｉｎｇｅnabledthｅcｏｍpａｎyto__________．A)enhanceiｔsmaｒkeｔｉmaｇeB）ｒeducｅrecruitmeｎtcostsＣ)keeｐhighlyqｕaｌｉfiedsｔafｆD)miｎimisｅitsｏfficespace8. ＷrightVigａr’ｓpractiｃｅofａlloｗiｎｇformｏrｅfleｘibleworkｉｎｇhoursｎoｔｏnlybenefitｓthecompａnyｂuｔhｅlpsｉmproveempｌoｙees’．9. Wiｔhfast,ｗｉrｅlessintｅｒｎetcｏｎneｃｔions，ｅmpｌoyeesｃａnsｔillbｅ_______＿__whｉletraveling.1０． SinglemothｅｒLynneHａrgreavesdecidｅｄtoworkａthomemainlｙｔｏ__＿＿_＿＿__＿.PartⅢListenｉngＣoｍｐrehension（35minuｔes)ＳｅctionADirｅctions:Ｉnthｉｓsecｔｉoｎ,youｗillhear8shoｒtconversａtｉonsａｎd２lonｇｃonｖersatｉons.Attheeｎdofeaｃhconversatioｎ,ｏneｏｒmorequestiｏnsｗｉｌlbeａskｅdaboutwhatwａｓsaid.Boththeconvｅrsationａndtｈequestionswiｌｌbespokｅnonlｙonｃe.Ａfｔｅｒeachquestiｏｎtherｅwｉlｌｂｅaｐauｓe．Duｒｉnｇtheｐausｅ，ｙoumustｒeａdthefourchoicｅsmａｒkeｄA），B),Ｃ)aｎdD)，aｎddeciｄewhｉchisthebｅｓｔanｓweｒ．ThenmarkｔhｅcorresｐｏｎdinglｅtteronＡｎｓwerＳｈｅet2witｈaｓingleｌinetｈｒoughthecentre.11. A)Thｅyｗouldｒatｈｅrｔravｅlaroundｔhａnｓｔaｙathｏｍe．B)Ｔｈｅypreｆｅrtocarrycashwhentravｅlingabrｏad．C)Ｔｈeyuｓuallyｃarrymanｙthinｇｓaroｕndｗiｔhthem.D)Ｔheyｄｏn’tlｉketｏsｐendmuchmoneｙontraｖeｌiｎｇ.12．ﻩA)Theselectiｏｎprｏceｓｓwaｓalitｔleｕnfair.B)Ｈｅhａdlonｇｄreameｄｏfｔｈeｄean’sposｉtion.Ｃ）Roｄwasｅliminaｔｅdinｔｈeselectiｏｎproｃesｓ.D)Rodwasincｈargeoｆthｅadmissiｏnsoffice.１３.ﻩＡ)Applaｕsｅｅnｃouragesthesiｎger．B)Sｈerｅｇｒeｔｓpａyｉngfｏrthｅconcｅrt.C)Almostevｅryoｎelｏｖespopmusic.D)Thｅｃoncertｉsvｅｒｙiｍprｅｓsive．１4. A）Theｙhaｖeknowｎeａｃhｏthersincetheirscｈｏoldayｓ.B)TheyweｒebothchairｐｅrsｏnsoｆtｈeStudeｎts’Uｎｉon.C)Theyhavｅbｅenｉnclｏsetouｃｈｂｙemａiｌ.D)Theyaregｏｉnｇtohoｌdareuniｏｎparty.1５. A）Cｏｏktheirdiｎｎer．B)Rｅsｔfｏrawhｉｌｅ.Ｃ)Gｅttheircａrfｉxed．D）Stｏpforｔhｅnｉｇhｔ.16. A)Newｌy－ｌａｕncｈedpｒoｄｕctｓ.B)Cｏnsumｅrprefｅｒｅncｅs．C)Surveyresultｓ.Ｄ)Ｓｕｒveymethods.1７. Ａ）Hewoulｄrａthｅｒthｅwｏmaｎdiｄn’tbuｙｔheblｏuse．B)Ｔｈewｏmanｎeedsblousesintheｃolｏｒsoｆarainｂｏw.C)Theiｎformaｔｉoninthecatalogｉsnoｔalwaysｒｅliａｂｌe．D)Hethinkｓthｅblueblｏuｓeiｓbettｅｒｔｈantｈｅrｅdonｅ．１8. Ａ)Ｔhecoｕrseiｓｏpeｎtｏalｌnｅxｔsemｅｓtｅr.B)Tｈｅnoticeｍaｙnotbeｒｅliablｅ.C)Theｗomaｎhasｎottolｄthetruth．D）Heｗilldrophiscouｒseinmarkｅｔing.Ｑｕｅstions１９to２2arebａsｅdontheｃｏnveｒｓaｔｉｏｎyouhａｖejusｔｈeard．19. Ａ）Adirectｏrofａsalｅsdｅparｔｍent.B)Amａnａgerａｔａcoｍpuｔerstoｒe.Ｃ)Aｓａlｅsclerkａtaｓhoppiｎｇcenｔer.D)Ａｎaccountａntｏfacompｕｔeｒfｉｒm.２0. A)Haｎdlinｇｃuｓtomｅrｃoｍplaｉnts.Ｂ)Ｒeｃｒuitingandtｒainingnewsｔaff．C）Disｐatchｉngｏrdeｒｅdgooｄsontime.D)Ｄeveｌopingcompｕterprｏgｒams.2１. A）Ｓheｌｉkessomethｉngｍoｒｅchallenginｇ.B)Shｅlｉｋestobｅneａｒertｏherpareｎts.C)Shｅwanｔｓtohavｅａbetｔer-ｐａidjｏb.D）Shewantstobewitｈherhusbａnd.2２． Ａ)Rightａway.B)Intwｏmｏntｈs.C)Ｅarｌyneｘtmｏｎth.D)Ｉnacoupｌeoｆdays.Qｕestiｏｎs23to２5arebasｅdｏnｔhｅconversationyｏuhａｖｅjｕsｔheard．２3． Ａ)Ｉtwiｌlfacechallengesunpreｃedeｎteｄinitshｉｓtory.B)Itisarｅsolutｅadｖocatｅoｆｔheａnti－ｇlobalmｏｖement．C)Itisbouｎdtoｒｅgainｉtｓｆullgloryoｆaｈｕndｒｅdｙearｓagｏ.D)Itｗｉllbeａｍａjorｅｃoｎomicpowerbytｈemid－２1ｓtｃenｔurｙ.２4. A）Tｈeｌackofｏｖerallｕrbanpｌanniｎg．B)Thehｕgeｇapbｅtweenthｅhavｅsaｎdhaｖｅ-nots.C)Theinadequａtesｕppｌyofｗateｒandelectrｉｃｉty．D)Tｈeshｏｒtageofhi-techｐerｓoｎnｅl.25. Ａ)Theyaｔtachgreａtｉmpoｒtancｅtｏeduｃatｉｏn.B)Ｔheyarｅabletｏｇrasｐｇrowthopｐortｕniｔｉes.C)Theyaregｏodａtlｅarninｇｆroｍoｔheｒnations.D)Tｈeyhaveｍadｅusｅｏｆadvanceｄtechｎｏlogies.SectiｏnBDｉｒectiｏｎs:Iｎｔhiｓsｅｃｔion,yｏuwｉlｌｈeaｒ3shorｔpassａgｅs.Aｔtheendofｅachpassage,youｗｉｌlｈearｓomequestｉons.Boththepasｓageａndｔhequestioｎswiｌlbesｐokenonｌyonce．Ａｆteryoｕｈeaｒaqｕestioｎ，youｍustchooｓeｔhebestａnsweｒfromthefoｕrcｈoｉceｓｍaｒkedA),B）,Ｃ)aｎdD).TheｎmarkthecｏｒrespｏndinglettｅronＡnswerSheｅt２wｉｔhaｓinｇlelｉｎｅtｈｒoughtｈeｃeｎtｒｅ.PａssaｇeOnｅQuesｔiｏｎs2６tｏ２９ａrebaｓedoｎｔｈepassageyouhａveｊustｈｅａrd.26．ﻩA）Ｓhetａughｔchemistryaｎdｍｉcｒobiolｏｇycoursｅsinａcoｌleｇｅ.B)Sheｇaveｌecturｅｓonｈoｗtobecomeaｐｕblicsｐeakeｒ．C)Sheｈelpｅdｆamiliｅsmovｅawayfrominduｓtriａlpｏlｌｕｔｅrs．Ｄ）Sheｅnｇａgｅｄinfｉeｌdresｅａｒchonenviｒonmｅｎtalpollutiｏn.27. A)Theｊobｒestrictedｈerfromｒevealｉngherfｉndings.B）Thｅjobposｅdaｐotentialthｒeａtｔoｈeｒheａｌth.C)Sheｆoundtｈeworkiｎgcｏnｄitionsｆrustraｔing．D)Ｓhewaｓofferedａｂｅttｅｒjobinaminoritｙcoｍmｕｎｉty.28. Ａ)Soｍegiａntindusｔriaｌpoｌlｕteｒｓhａvegoneｏuｔofｂusｉness.B）Moreｅnvｉronmｅｎtａlorganizatｉｏnｓhaｖeappｅaｒed.C)ManytoxicｓitesｉnＡｍｅricａhaｖebeencleaneｄｕp.D)Ｍorebraｎchesｏfhercoｍpanyhavebeeｎｓetup．29. A)HerｗiｄespｒｅadinfluencｅamｏngmｅmbersofＣoｎgｒess.Ｂ)Ｈｅraｂｉｌitytocｏmmunicａｔethroughpuｂｌicspeaｋing．C)Herｒiｇoroustrainiｎgiｎdeｌｉveriｎｇelｏquｅntspｅｅches.D)Heｒlifelｏngcomｍｉtｍenttodomｅstiｃandｇlobaｌiｓsｕes.PａssageTwoQuestiｏns30to32arebasedｏntｈｅpａｓsageyoｕｈａvejuｓtｈeard.30． A)Thefiｅrｃｅcompｅtｉｔｉoninｔhemarket.B)Tｈegｒowiｎｇｎeceｓsiｔｙofstａfftrainｉｎｇ．Ｃ)Theacｃeleｒatedpaceoｆglobaｌisatioｎ．D)Ｔhｅurgeｎtｎeedofadiveｒｓeworｋfｏrcｅ.3１． A)Gaiｎａdｅepunderｓtaｎdingｏｆtheirownｃulture.Ｂ)Ｔakeｃoursesoｆforｅｉgnｌaｎｇuaｇｅsandcuｌtｕres．C)Shaｒｅthｅeｘpeｒienｃｅsofｐｅopｌefromｏtherｃｕltures．D)Participaｔeininteｒｎatｉonalexｃhangeprograｍmｅs．32. A)Rｅfｌｅcｔivｅthinkｉngisbｅｃomｉnｇcrｉｔｉcal.B)Labｏrmaｒketiｓgｅｔtｉngｇlｏbａlised.C)Knowｉnｇafｏreigｎｌanｇuａgeisesｓeｎtial.D)Gｌobａliｓａｔiｏnｗilleliｍinatemanｙjobs.PaｓsaｇeTｈreeＱｕｅｓtioｎs3３tｏ３５arｅbaｓeｄｏnthepassａgeyoｕhavejuｓtheard.33． A）Reｄ-haｉrｅdwomenweｒｅregardｅdasmorｅrｅlｉａｂlｅ．B）Bｒown-hairedwomｅnwereｒatedａsmｏrecaｐable.C)Gｏｌdｅｎ-hairedｗomenweｒｅconsidｅredattrａcｔivｅ．D）Bｌack-hairedｗoｍｅnweｒejudgｅdtobｅiｎｔelｌigent.３4. Ａ)Tｈeyaresmａrtaｎｄelｏquent．B）Ｔheｙａreamｂｉtｉoｕsandaｒrogaｎｔ.Ｃ)Ｔheyareshｒewｄaｎｄdｉｓhonesｔ.D)Ｔheyareweaｌthyandiｎｄｕstrious.３５. A)Ｔheyforcｅpeｏpletofollowthｅcultｕrａlｍａinstream.B)Thｅyeｘagｇｅratethｅｒoｌeｓｏfcertaｉｎgｒouｐsofpeoｐle.C）Tｈeyeｍphasｉzｅdiｖersｉtyattheexpenseofunifoｒmity.D）Tｈｅyhindeｒｏurｐｅrcｅpｔionofｉｎｄividuaｌdiffereｎceｓ.ＳectionCDireｃtions:Iｎthissecｔion，youwｉｌlhearaｐasｓagethｒeetimes.Wｈentｈepａssaｇeｉｓrｅadｆortｈeｆｉｒsttｉme,youｓｈoｕldlｉｓｔｅnｃareｆulｌyｆoritsgｅｎeraｌidea．Wｈenｔhepａssaｇeｉsrｅadfortｈｅsecondtime,ｙoｕarｅrｅquireｄtofillintheblａnｋsnumｂｅrｅdｆroｍ36to43witｈtheexactwordsｙouhavejustｈeaｒd．Foｒbｌaｎｋｓnｕｍbeｒｅｄfrom４4ｔo46youａrerequiredtofｉｌliｎtheｍissｉngiｎfｏrmatｉｏn.Fｏrｔｈeｓeblankｓ,yｏucａｎeitherusetheｅxactwordsｙoｕhavejｕｓtｈeaｒdorwrｉｔeｄｏwntｈemainpointsｉnyourownｗoｒdｓ.Finａlly,whenthepａssageｉsｒeａdforｔhｅthirdtime,youshｏuldｃheckｗhatyｏuｈavewｒｉｔｔｅn.TheancienｔGreeｋsｄｅveloｐｅdbaｓicmemoryｓｙsteｍｓcallｅｄｍnemoｎics．ＴhｅｎａｍeisEQ＼X＼BO(大３６家)fromtｈｅiｒGoddｅsｓofmemoｒy“Mneｍosｙnｅ”.Intｈeaｎｃiｅnｔworlｄ,atｒainedmｅmoｒyｗasａnEQ\X\BO（大３7家)ａssｅt,particularｌyinpuｂｌiｃlｉfe．ThｅrｅwerｅｎoEQ\X＼BO（大3８家）dｅｖiceｓfortaｋingnoｔeｓ,andearlｙＧrｅekoratｏrｓ(演说家）delｉvｅｒedlｏnｇspeecheswithgreatEＱ\X\ＢO(大39家)becａｕseｔｈeyleaｒnedthespeechesuｓinｇｍneｍonicsysｔｅms.TｈeGreeｋｓdiｓcoｖereｄtｈatｈuｍanmemorｙｉsＥQ\X\BO(大40家)ａnasｓｏciativeｐrocess—thａtｉtworksｂyliｎkiｎｇｔhingstｏgｅｔher．Fｏrexaｍple,tｈinｋofaｎａpplｅ.ThｅEQ＼X\BO(大41家)yourbrainｒeｇisterstheworｄ“ａpｐlｅ”,itＥQ\X\BＯ(大４2家）ｔhｅshaｐe，coｌoｒ,ｔasｔe，smｅllanｄEＱ＼X\ＢO（大4３家)ofthatfruit.Allｔhesethiｎｇｓareassoｃiateｄinyourmｅｍｏrywiｔhthewｏrd“appｌe”.ＥQ\X\BＯ(大4４家）.Ａnexamplｅcｏulｄbewheｎyouthiｎｋaｂoutalecturｅyouhavehad.Ｔhiｓcｏｕｌdｔriggeramemoryaboutwhａtyoｕ’retａlｋinｇaboｕｔthｒouｇhｔｈatlｅｃｔure,whiｃｈcaｎthenｔriｇgeｒaｎｏtｈerｍemｏｒy.ＥＱ\X＼ＢO(大45家)．ＡnexaｍplegｉｖｅnonawebsiteIwａslｏokｉngatfｏlｌｏws:DoｙourememberｔｈeshａpeofAｕstｒia,Cａnaｄa,Belgiｕm,ｏｒGermany？Pｒｏbａblynot．WhaｔabｏuｔItaly,tｈｏuｇｈ?EQ\X\BO(大４6家).Yｏumaｄeａnaｓsｏciａｔｉｏnｗｉthsｏmethiｎｇaｌrｅadyｋｎoｗn,theshapeofaboot，ａｎdItaly’sｓｈapｅｃouldnotbｅforgoｔｔenonｃｅyouhadmａdetheａssociatiｏn.PartⅣReaｄingCｏmprehensioｎ(ReａｄinginDepｔh)(25minutｅs)ＳectionADirｅctions:Ｉnｔhissｅcｔｉon,ｔｈereiｓａshｏrtpaｓsａgewiｔh5ｑuestiｏnsorｉncｏmｐｌetｅｓtａteｍents.Ｒeaｄthepasｓageｃarefｕlly.Theｎanswerthequestｉｏnｓorｃoｍpleｔｅthestatemeｎtsinthefeweｓtpossibｌｅwｏrds.ＰleasewrｉteyourａnｓｗersonAnswerSheet２．Queｓtions47to51areｂａseｄoｎｔhefｏlｌoｗiｎgｐａsｓage．Mａｎycoｕntriesｈａveｍadｅitｉｌｌegａltｏchatintoahａnｄ-heｌdmobilｅphoneｗhiledriｖiｎg．Bｕtthｅｌaｔestresｅarchfｕｒｔhercｏnfirmsthａtthｅdａngerlieslessｉnwhataｍotorｉst’shandsdowhｅnheｔakeｓａcalltｈａｎinwｈａttｈecｏｎverｓationｄoｅsｔｏｈｉｓbｒａin．Evenusinga“ｈanｄs-free”devicecａndivertaｄriveｒ’sａｔｔeｎtｉontoaｎａlarmｉnｇeｘtent.MｅlｉnａKｕｎarｏｆｔhｅUnｉversitｙofWaｒwicｋ,ａｎｄTodｄHｏrowitzｏftheHarvａrdＭeｄicａlＳcｈｏolranaｓeｒiｅsｏfｅxpeｒimｅntｓinwhicｈtwogrｏuｐｓofvoｌunteｅｒshadｔopayattentionandｒｅspoｎdtｏaｓｅrｉesofmoｖingtａsksｏnacompｕtｅrsｃrｅｅnthatwererｅcｋonｅdeｑｕiｖaｌｅnｔiｎdifficultｙtodrivｉnｇ.Ｏnｅgroupwasｌeftuｎdｉｓtracｔｅdwｈiｌｅtheotｈeｒhａdｔｏｅｎgａgeiｎａconversationusｉnｇaｓpeａｋerphｏne．AsKｕnaｒandHorowitzreport,tｈｏsewhｏweｒｅｍakｉｎｇtheeｑｕivaｌｅntｏfａｈands－fｒeｅcaｌlhadaｎaverａgeｒeactioｎｔime212mｉllisecondssｌoweｒthａnthoｓeｗhowerenoｔ．Tｈat，theycalｃuｌatｅ,ｗoulｄadｄ５.7meｔrｅｓtoｔhebrakｉngdistａncｅofaｃartｒaｖellｉngat1０0kpｈ.Ｔｈeyalｓofoundｔhatthegrouｐusingtｈｅhａｎds-freeｋitmade83%ｍｏreerrorsｉntheiｒtaskｓthanｔｈｏsｅwhｏweｒeｎottａlkinｇ.Toｔryｔouｎderstａｎdｍorｅabｏutwhｙｔhiswas,theｙｔriedｔｗofｕrthertesｔｓ．Inone,meｍｂeｒsofagroｕpｗｅrｅａsｋedｓｉmｐｌｙtorepeatwordsspokｅnbｙthｅcalｌeｒ.Intheotheｒ,tｈｅyhａdtｏthinkoｆaｗoｒdtｈaｔbeｇａnwitｈthelastｌｅtterofｔheworｄtheyhadjｕｓthｅard．Ｔhosｅｏnlyrｅpｅatingworｄｓpeｒfoｒｍedｔhesameasthoｓewｉthnodisｔraｃtioｎ,butｔｈｏsewiththemｏｒecomｐlｉｃａtｅｄtaskｓhoｗedevenwoｒsｅreactiｏntiｍｅs—ａnａveragｅof4８0millisｅconｄsextｒadｅlay.Thisshｏwsｔhａｔwｈeｎｐeoplehavｅtoconｓｉderｔｈeinｆｏrmａtｉontheyheａrcarｅfully,itｃanimｐaiｒｔｈeｉrdriｖｉngabilitｙｓｉgnificantly.Pｕｎisｈinｇpｅｏｐｌeforusinｇhanｄ-heｌdgａdgetsｗｈiｌedrｉvｉngisｄｉfficultｅnｏugh,eventｈｏughthｅｙｃａｎbｅｓeenfromoutsiｄetｈeｃar.Pｅrｓuadingｐｅopｌｅtosｗiｔchtｈeｉrphｏnesｏffａｌtｏgetｈerwhenｔhｅygeｔbehindｔhewhｅelmighｔｂetheonlyａnｓｗｅr.Whoｋｎows,ｔhｅｙmiｇｈteveｎｃoｍetｏenjｏｙｎothaｖingtotaｋｅcａlls．4７. Carrｙiｎgｏnaｍｏｂiｌeｐhｏnecoｎversａｔionwhileoｎeisdriｖingiｓcoｎsｉdeｒeddaｎgerousbｅcauseiｔｓerｉｏusｌydistraｃtｓ.4８.ﻩIｎthｅeｘｐerimentｓ，thetwｏｇｒoupsofvｏlunteeｒｓwerｅａskedｔohａndleaserｉeｓofｍｏvingｔasｋswhichwｅreconsidered.49． Ｒｅsｕltsoｆｔhｅexpｅｒiｍentsｓｈowthatthosｅwhoweｒemakingｔhｅequｉｖａlenｔｏｆａhaｎdｓ-ｆreecａlltooktoreactthanｔｈosｅwｈoｗerenｏt.５０. Fuｒtherｅxperimentsｒｅｖｅaｌｔｈａtpartｉcipaｎｔstendtorｅｓｐondｗiｔhextradeｌayiftheyarerｅquiredtｏdｏ．５1. Theaｕtｈorｂeliｅvesｐｅrsuasiｏn，ratｈeｒthan，ｍiｇｈtbｅthｅonlyｗaytostｏppeoplefｒomusingmｏbｉｌepｈoｎeswhiledrivinｇ.SectｉoｎBＤireｃtｉｏns:Theｒｅaｒe2ｐasｓagｅsｉntｈｉｓsection．Ｅａchpassageisfｏｌｌowｅｄbyｓｏmequeｓtionsoruｎfiｎishedｓtａtemeｎts.ForeachoｆtｈemtherearefoｕｒchｏicesｍarkedＡ），B)，Ｃ)andＤ).YoｕshouｌｄｄecｉdｅontheｂestchｏｉceanｄmａrkthecorrespｏndiｎｇletteronAnswｅｒSheet2wｉｔhａsinｇleｌｉｎｅthｒoｕｇhthecenｔre．PａssagｅOneQuestｉｏns52to56arｅｂaｓeｄonthefolｌowiｎgpａssagｅ.Ｔhｅrｅiｓｎothiｎglikｅthｅsuｇgｅstionofacancｅrrisｋtosｃarｅaparent,ｅspｅｃiallyonｅofthｅover-edｕcａtｅｄ,ecｏ-cｏnsｃｉoｕstype.SoyoucanimagiｎｅｔｈerｅactiｏnwhｅｎarｅcｅntUSATｏｄayinvestｉgaｔionoｆairqualityａrｏｕndｔhｅnation’sschoｏlｓsingleｄｏutthoｓeｉntｈｅsmugly(自鸣得意的）greenvillagｅｏfBeｒkｅｌeｙ，Calｉf.，asbeｉngamongthｅwｏrｓtiｎthecouｎtrｙ.Thｅｃitｙ’spｕｂlichiｇｈsｃｈｏol,aswellasanuｍｂerofdａycarecenters,presｃhools,eleｍeｎｔａryａndｍiddleschools，ｆellinthｅlｏｗest10%.Industｒiaｌpｏｌlutioｎinoｕｒtｏwnhadｓｕppoｓedlyｔｕrnedstudenｔsiｎｔｏlｉviｎｇｓｃienceeｘpｅrimenｔsbreaｔｈingiｎalａｂoｒatorｙ’sｗorthｏfｈeaｖymｅtａｌsｌikemanganｅse，cｈromiｕｍａndnickeｌeachｄay．Ｔhｉsinacityｔhatrｅｑuiｒesｓchoolｃａfeteｒｉastｏsｅｒveｏrｇaｎiｃmeals.Great,Ithoｕｇｈt，organiclunch,ｔoxiccaｍpuｓ.SincｅDecembeｒ,wｈenthereporｔcａmｅouｔ，tｈemａyｏr,neｉghｂorhoodａｃtivistｓ（活跃分子）andvariousｐareｎt-teacｈｅｒasｓociａtionshaveeｎgagedinａfiercebattleoverｉtｓvalidｉty:overｔheguilｔｏfthesｔeｅl-casｔingfactoryontheｗeｓterneｄgｅoftｏwn,ｏverunionjｏbsveｒsuｓcｈildreｎ’shealthａndｏｖerwｈat,iｆanythinｇ，ｏuｇhttobedone.Ｗｉｔhａllsｉdeｓpreｓeｎtｉngtheiroｗnｅxｐerｔsarｍeｄwiｔhcｏnflictingscｉentｉｆicstuｄies，whｏmｓhｏuldpａrｅnｔsbelｉeve？Iｓtheｒeｔrｕlyaｔhreatheｒe，weaｓkｅdoｎeaｎｏtherａswedrｏｐpedofｆourkidｓ,andiｆso,ｈowgreaｔｉｓit?Andhowdoesiｔｃomparewiththeothｅr,ｓeemiｎｇlｙｐeｒpetｕａｌhealtｈsｃarｅsweｃonfront，likepanicoverleadｉnsynｔhｅｔicaｔhleticｆields？Ｒatherthanjusｔaｎotｈerwｅirｄｅpiｓodeintheｔowｎtｈatbroughtyoupｒotestingeｎｖiroｎmｅntalisｔs,ｔhislａteｓtdｒamaiｓaｔｒialｆｏｒｈoｗtoday’sｐarenｔspｅｒceiverｉsk，howｗeｔrｙtokeepourkidssaｆe—wｈetherit’spｏｓｓiｂletokeeｐthemsafe—inwhａtfeelslｉkeａnｉncrｅａsingｌｙｔhreａteｎinｇworld.Itraｉsestheqｕｅstioｎｏfwhat,inourｔime，“safe”couldｅｖenmｅaｎ.“There’snｏwayａｒouｎｄtｈeuncertainty,”saｙsKimbeｒlｙＴｈｏmpｓon,presｉdentofKiｄRisk,anｏｎｐｒｏfｉtｇrouｐthatｓtudiesｃhildrｅｎ’shealtｈ.“Thａtmeansｙoｕrchoiceｓcａnmattｅｒ,ｂutiｔaｌsoｍeａnｓyouaｒeｎ’ｔgoingtoknｏwifｔheｙdo.”A２０２３reｐｏrtinthejournaｌPｅdｉatrｉcsexplａineｄthaｔneｒvouｓparｅnｔsｈavemoretofeaｒｆromfire，caraccidｅntsanddｒowninｇthaｎfroｍtoｘiccｈemicalexposure.TowhｉcｈIsay:Well,obｖioｕslｙ.Butsuchcｏnｃreteｈazardsａreｂesidｅtｈｅpoint.It’sthedａｎgersparｅｎｔscaｎ’t—andmayｎever—quaｎtifythａtoｃcurallofsudden．Thａt’ｓwhyI’ｖerｉｄmｙcｕｐｂoaｒdoｆｍiｃrowaveｆoodｐackeｄinbagｓcoatｅdｗithapｏtentialcancer-causｉngsuｂsｔance,ｂutａｌｔhouｇhI’veｌｉvedbｌockｓｆromamａｊorfaultｌine(地质断层)fｏｒｍoretｈan1２ｙeａｒｓ,Ｉstilｌhavｅｎ’ｔbolteｄourbooｋcａsesｔothelｉvｉnｇroｏmwall.52. WhatdoeｓaｒeｃeｎtinveｓtigａｔiｏnbyUＳAＴodayrevｅal?A)Heavyｍeｔalsinlabtｅｓｔsthreaｔｅnchｉｌｄｒen’shｅalｔｈinBｅｒkelｅy.Ｂ)Ｂｅrkeleyresｉdｅntsarｅquitecｏｎtｅnteｄwithtｈeirsurｒｏuｎdiｎgs.C）ＴheairqualｉtyaroundBeｒkeleｙ’sｓchoｏlcaｍpuseｓiｓpoor.D)PareｎtsiｎＢerｋeleyａreｏvｅr－ｓｅnsitivetocaｎceｒriskｓtｈｅirkidsface.53.ﻩWhatrｅsponｓedｉｄUSATodaｙ’srｅｐortdrａw?Ａ)Ａheateｄｄebate.B)Poｐularsｕpｐorｔ.Ｃ)Widespreａｄpanic.D)Ｓtrongcritｉcｉsm．54.ﻩHｏｗdidparｅnｔsｆｅeliｎｔhefaceofｔｈeexpｅrts’studies？Ａ)Ｔheyfeltvｅrymucｈreliｅｖed.B)Ｔheywｅrefrighｔｅｎedｂytｈeevidｅncｅ.C)Theｙdidn’tknowwhotobelieve.Ｄ)Tｈｅywerｅn’tcoｎvinｃedｏftｈｅresｕlts.5５.ﻩWｈaｔistｈevieｗofthe２02３reportinthejournalＰediaｔrics?A)Itiｓiｍpｏrtanttoｑuantifyvaｒioｕsｃoncretehazards．B)Dailyacciｄentspｏseamorｅｓeｒｉousｔｈreａttochiｌdrｅn.C）Pａrentｓｓhoulｄbeａwareｏfchildren’sheaｌtｈhazaｒｄｓ．D)Ａttｅnｔionｓｈouldｂepaidtoｔoxicｃhｅmicaleｘpoｓｕｒe.5６.ﻩOfｔheｄａngｅrsineｖeｒydaylife,theauthｏrtｈinksthatpeｏpｌehａvemｏsttofearfrom___＿____＿_.A)tｈｅunceｒtainＢ）theｑuantiｆiａbｌｅＣ)aneartｈｑuakｅD）unｈｅalｔｈｙfoodPassagｅTｗoＱuestiｏns57tｏ6１aｒｅbasedｏnthｅfolloｗinｇpassａｇe.Ｃrippｌinghealtｈｃarebｉlls,ｌoｎgｅmerｇency－roｏmwaｉtｓaｎdtheｉnabiｌｉtyｔofｉndａpriｍaｒｙｃarｅpｈysiｃｉａnｊｕｓtｓｃrａtcｈｔhesurfaｃeｏｆｔheprｏｂleｍsthaｔpａｔiｅｎtｓfacedａilｙ.Primarycａrｅshouldｂｅthｅbaｃkｂoneｏｆanyhｅaltｈcａresystem.Countｒieswithａppropriａteprimarｙcarereｓｏurcessｃoreｈigｈｌywhenitcoｍestoｈｅalthｏutcomesaｎｄｃost.TheU.S．taｋesｔheoppositｅaｐproachbｙempｈasizingtheｓpeｃｉａlｉstｒatheｒtｈantheprimaｒycarepｈｙｓiｃiaｎ．ＡrecｅnｔｓtudyanaｌyzedtheｐrovｉｄerswhoｔreatMｅdｉcａrebenefiｃiａｒies(老年医保受惠人）．TheｓtartｌingfｉndingｗａsthattｈeaveragｅMedicaｒeｐatiｅntsａwatotalｏfsevenｄoctors—twopriｍaｒｙcareｐhｙｓiciａnｓandfｉvespｅciaｌistｓ—ｉｎaｇｉｖｅnｙｅaｒ.Contrarｙｔｏpｏpuｌａrbeliｅf,ｔhemorｅphysicianstakingｃareofｙｏudon’tｇuaraｎtｅebetterｃａｒe.Actually,ｉncreasiｎgfrａgmentationofcareresultsｉnａcorrespondinｇriseincostaｎｄmeｄicalerrorｓ．Hｏwdiｄweletｐriｍａrycaｒesliｐｓofaｒ?Ｔhekeyishｏwdoctoｒｓａrepaid.Moｓtpｈｙsicｉansarepａiｄwｈｅneverthｅyperformameｄicａlserviｃe.Thｅｍoreａphysiciａndoeｓ,regarｄlessofqualitｙorｏutcome,theｂeｔｔerhe’sreimbｕrｓed(返还费用)．Ｍoreover,tｈｅamountaｐｈｙsicianｒeceivesleaｎｓheavｉlytｏwardｍeｄicaｌoｒｓurgiｃalproｃｅdurｅｓ.Aspｅcｉalistwhopeｒfｏｒmsaprocedurｅina３0-ｍｉnuｔeｖisｉtcaｎbepaidtｈreｅtimesmｏrethanaprｉｍarycaｒephysiciaｎｕsｉｎgthaｔsame3０minｕｔestodisｃｕsｓapatｉent’sｄisｅase.Coｍbｉneｔhiｓfactwithaｎｎｕalgｏｖernmｅnｔtｈｒｅatstｏindisｃｒiminaｔelycｕtrｅｉmbuｒsｅｍents,phyｓｉciaｎｓarｅｆacedwithｎoｃhoicebｕttｏincrｅaseqｕａntitｙtoboostincome．Pｒimａrycareｐｈysicianｓｗhoreｆuｓeｔocompromisequａｌｉtyａｒeeｉｔhｅrdrivenｏｕtofｂuｓinessｏrｔoｃａsh-onlypraｃｔicｅs,furtherｃontrｉｂｕtingtoｔhedeclineoｆｐrimarycａre．Medicalstｕdeｎtｓareｎotbｌinｄtｏtｈisscenaｒio.Theｙseehowheavｉlｙｔherｅimｂursemｅｎtdeckiｓｓｔackeｄａgａinstpriｍarycare.Thｅｒｅｃentnumbersshoｗthatsｉｎcｅ199７,newlyｇrａｄｕaｔedU.S.medｉcalstudentswhochｏoｓeprｉmarycａreasacarｅｅrｈaｖeｄecｌined