2023年职称英语等级考试真题+答案理工C

2０2３年度全国职称英语等级考试理工类（C级）真题及答案人事考试教育网整理201人事考试教育网0-10－2８13:5【大中小】【我要纠错】第1部分:词汇选项(第１~15题，每题1分,共１5分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分拟定1个意义最为接近的选项。１I'ｄｖｅrymuchlikeｔoｋnｏｗwhａtｙｏuraiminlifeｉs.ＡthoughtＢidｅaCｇｏalDｐlａn2TｈｅｐolｉcemenactedquicｋlybｅcausｅlivesｗereａtstaｋeAindａngeｒBindｉffiｃulｔｙCｉndｅspairDｏutofcoｎtrol3Practicaｌｌyallaｎimaｌsｃomｍunicａｔeeitｈerthroughsｏｕndｓoｒtｈｒouｇhsoｕndlesscodes.ACｅrｔａinｌｙＢＰｒobａblyCAｌmｏstDＡbsoluteｌy４ＭａryrarｅlyspeakstoSuｓan.AｓlowｌｙＢseｌdｏmCweaklｙDcｏnsｔantly5Ｉ'mwｏrkingwiｔhaguyｆromLonｄonAteａcherBstudｅｎtＣｆｒｉenｄDman6Yoｕ'dｂeｔterputtheｓedoｃuｍｅnｔsinａsafepｌaｃeAｄarkBseｃurｅCｇuａrｄedDbanneｄ7Thｅｃourａgeｏuｓbｏyhaｓbeｅｎｔｈｅsuｂjecｔofmａssivemedｉacovｅｒage.AｅxtensivｅBcｏｎtinuoｕsCinｓtaｎtＤquｉck8TheｔownisfamousfｏriｔｓmａgｎｉｆicentbuiｌdinｇsAｈigh－ｒｉseBmodｅrｎCancienｔDsplｅｎdid9Ｔｈegreatchａnｇｅｏｆthecityastonisheｄaｌlthevｉsｉｔors．ＡｓuｒpriｓedBscａredCexcitedDmoｖｅd１０Jａｃkｐacｋeｄｕpａllｔhｅｔhingsheｈａdaｃｃｕmuｌａｔｅdｏverthelasttｅｎyｅarｓ.AfuｔｕrｅBfaｒCｐastDneａｒ11Ｗouldyouplｅａsecallmyｈuｓbａndａｓsooｎaspossｉble？AｖｉsitBｐhoｎeＣconｓultＤｉnvｉte12WehadａlongcｏｎversａtiｏｎaｂoutherpａrｅntsAspeecｈＢquesｔionCtalkＤdebaｔe1３Theｃhairmanproposedthatwestoｐｔheｍeｅｔｉｎg.AstａtedBannouncedCdemａndedDｓuggestｅd14Oｂｖiouslythesｅｐｅoplecａｎbｅｒelieｄoninacｒisis.AliｖedｏnBdｅｐendｅdoｎＣｂｅlｉevedinＤjoinedin15TheｒｅiｓａlwａysexcitementaｔthｅＯlympicGａｍeｓwheｎanａtｈｌeｔｅbrｅaksarecoｒdAbｅatsＢｍaiｎtａinsＣmaｔcｈesDtｒiｅｓ第2部分：阅读判断（第１6~22题,每题1分,共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断:假如该句提供的是对的信息,请选择A;假如该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；假如该句的信息文中没有提及,请选择Ｃ.RadiｏcarbonDatingNowadａyssｃiｅnｔｉstsｃanａnｓwｅｒｍanyｑuｅstｉonsaboutｔhepａsttｈrougｈatecｈｎiquecａlleｄraｄiｏcarbon(放射性碳)，orcarbｏn－14,daｔiｎｇ.Onekeyｔounderstanｄinghoｗａndbysomｅthingｈａｐpenedistodisｃｏverｗhｅnithａｐpened.Radiocaｒboｎdａtｉngｗaｓdeｖelopedinthelate1９40sbｙpｈysicistWillarｄF.LｉｂｂｙatheUnｉvｅｒsityoｆChiｃago．Ａnatoｍoｆordiｎaｒyｃaｒbon,cａlledcａｒｂon-12,hasｓiｘprｏｔｏns（中子）andsｉxneutｒonｓ(质子）initｓnuｃleus.Ｃａrbｏｎ－14，orC-１4,ｉsaraｄioａctｉｖe，uｎstableｆormofｃaｒbonthathasｔwｏeｘｔraｎｅuｔrｏns(原子核）。Ｉtreturnsｔoａmoreｓtaｂlｅformｏfcarbontｈroughaproceｓscalleddecａy(衰减)。Thisprocessinvolvestheｌoｓsｏｆheextrａｎeutronsａndenｅｒgyfroｍtｈeｎｕcｌeus．InLibby＇ｓrａdiocaｒbondａtiｎgtecｈｎique,theweakｒadioaｃｔｉvｅｅmｉｓsioｎｓ（放射）fromhｉsdecayproｃeｓsarecｏｕntedbyinｓtｒumentssuchａsaradiationｄeｔｅctorａｎdｃｏuｎtｅr.HｅdeｃaｙrateｉsusedtoｄeterminetheｐrｏｐｏrtionofＣ－１４ａtomsｉnthｅｓamｐlebｅinｇdaｔed.Carboｎ-14isproducedintheEａrｔh'satmoｓpherewheｎnitroｇｅn(氮)-１4，oｒN－１4，intｅraｃｔswitｈcoｓｍiｃrａys(宇宙射线)。ScｉentｉstsｂeｌｉｅvesincetheＥaｒthwａsformeｄ,thｅｍountofｎitroｇenｉntｈｅatmospheｒehａｓｒeｍａinedcｏnstaｎt.Conｓequｅntｌｙ,C-1４formationisthouｇhｔｔooｃcurａｔaconｓtantｒatｅ．NoｗtheｒａtioofC-14ｔoothercａrbonｔｏmsinthｅatmosphｅreiskｎoｗn.Ｍosｔsｃientisｔsagｒeetｈatｔｈisraｔioisusefulforｄatｉngitｅｍsbaｃｋｔoatleａst5０，0０0yeaｒs．AｌｌlifeonＥartｈisｍaｄｅoforganicmolｅｃules（分子）tｈatcontａinｃarbonatｏmｓcomiｎgfｒomthｅａtmｏsphere.ＳoaｌlｌｉvingthｉnｇshaveabouttｈesａｍｅratioｏfC－１4atｏmsｔoｏthercarｂｏnaｔｏｍsintheirｔisｓuｅs（组织)。Onｃｅanorｇanism（有机体)ｄｉｅｓitｔopsｔakingｉncａrboｎinanyfoｒｍ，ａｎdtheC-１4alreａｄypresentbｅginstodeｃａy.OverｔimetheamｏuntｏfＣ－１４ｉntheｍaｔerialdeｃreａｓｅｓ,ａnｄtｈｅratiｏｏｆC-1４tootｈeｒｃａｒbontomsgoｅsdown．Ｉnteｒmsｏfradiocarboｎdating,thｅfeｗerC-１４ａtomsinaｓample，tｈeoｌｄerｔhatsamｐlｅis．1６Nowadayｓmanysｃienｔisｔsdepｅndoｎradiocarbonfordａtiｎgage-ｏldobjｅｃｔsＡRigｈtＢWrｏngＣNotmeｎtｉoned17Therａｄiocａｒｂondatinｇtechｎｉquｅiｓｏnlyabout40yearsoldARｉgｈtBWroｎｇCNoｔｍentiｏned18ＡｎａtomoｆｏrdinarycarbonｈａssｉxpｒotonsａnｄeightneuｔronsARiｇｈtBＷrongCNｏｔｍentioneｄ1９Rａdaｒisuｓｅdｔodｅteｒmineｔhecｈａracteｒisticsｏfraｄioｃａｒｂon.AＲigｈtBＷｒoｎgＣＮｏtmentioneｄ20Raｄｉoｃarbonisreliａｂleinｄａtinｇanｏｂjecｔｂaｃｋtoatleast５0，000years.ARightBＷroｎgCNotmentioned21Whenanｏｒgａｎismdies,tｈｅC-14iｎitbeginsｔoｄecａy.ARightBWrｏngCNotｍenｔｉｏｎed22Tｈehａlf-lｉfｅｏfC-1４isａbouｔ２5，000ｙeａrs.ARighｔBWrｏnｇＣNotｍentioned第３部分:概括大意与完毕句子（第２３~30题，每题1分，共８分)下面的短文后有2项测试任务:（１）第23～26题规定从所给的6个选项中为第１～４段每段１选择个最佳标题；（2）第27~30题规定从所给的６个选项中为每个拟定1个最佳选项。MeetＹoｕｒMemｏrｙ１Mｅmoｒyisｓｏｍｅthｉngｔｈaｔcanｎotbｅｓeen，ｔouchｅdｏrｗeighed.Itisthoughtｔobeａｂstract.Itisａsｅtofｓkillsrａtheｒthaｎanｏbject.Ｎeitｈeristhereasingｌeｓｔandａrdｆoｒｊuｄgｉngａgoodorpoormemory.Thｅreareanumberofdifｆereｎtｗaｙsinwhichapersonmaｙhaveａ'good'ｍemorｙ.２Mｅmoｒyisgｅnｅraｌlyviewedascｏｎsiｓｔｉngofthreesｔaｇes:(1）acquisitｉonreｆeｒsｔｏlｅaｒninｇthematerｉal；（2）ｓtoｒageｒｅfeｒstoｋeeｐiｎｇtheｍaｔerｉaｌinthebraｉｎuntｉlｉtisnｅedeｄ;ａnd(3)reｔrievaｌ(提取）ｒeferstoｇettinｇｔhemａterialｂａｃkoutｗhenｉtisneedeｄ.3Mｅmoryconsisｔsofaｔｌeaｓttwｏdｉffｅrentｐrocｅsses:short-termmemoryandｌonｇ-teｒｍｍeｍｏry．Shorｔ-ｔermmemoｒyhasaliｍitedcapaｃiｔyanｄａrａｐｉdｆorｇettｉngrａte.Iｔscａpacｉtycanbｅｉncreasedbｙchuｎkinｇ(组成大块），oｒｇroupingseparａｔebitsofｉnformａtioｎｉntoｌargerchｕnkｓ．Ｌong－teｒmmemoryhasanalmosｔuｎｌｉmｉtedcapａcｉty.4Oｎemeasureofmeｍoryisrｅcaｌl，whichｒeｑuiresyｏutoprｏdｕｃeinformaｔionｂyseａｒｃhiｎgtｈemeｍｏｒyfｏrit.Ｉnaｉｄeｄrecaｌl，yoｕaregｉvencueｓ(提醒）tohelpyouprodｕcetｈeinformatｉｏn.Infree-reｃalｌlearniｎgｙｏurecaｌlthemａｔerialiｎａnyｏrder;inｓeｒialｌearningyourecaｌlｉtintheorderitｗaspｒesｅnｔed;andｉｎpaireｄ-associａteleａｒningｙｏulearnpairsofｗｏrdssothatwhｅntｈefirstworｄｉsｇｉｖenyoｕcａnrｅcallthesecoｎdwoｒd.Aseconｄmeaｓｕrｅofmemｏryiｓｒｅcogniｔioｎ,ｉnｗｈichyoudｏnoｔｈａvｅtoprｏdｕceｔheinfｏrmatｉｏnｆroｍmeｍory,bｕtmustbeabletoideｎtｉfyｉtwｈenitｉｓｐreｓenｔedtoyou．Ｉnathirdｍeasureoｆmｅｍory，ｒeleaｒning,thｅdiffｅrｅnｃeｂｅｔweeｎｈowlongittｏoktolearｎthemａteriａlthefiｒstｔimeandhoｗｌｏｎgｉttakeｓtoｌeaｒnitaｇaiｎｉndiｃateshｏwmuchｙoureｍｅmber.Relearnｉngisgｅnerallyａmoｒｅseｎｓｉtiveｍeasuｒｅｏｆｍｅｍorythanisrecｏgnitiｏnbecausereleａrningsｈowsｒetentｉon（保持)whileｒecognitionｄoeｓnｏt.Recoｇｎitioｎｉsgenｅｒallyamoresｅnsitivｅｍｅasuｒetｈanrecall.２3Pａragrａｐｈ124Paraｇｒａpｈ225Ｐａragｒaｐｈ326Paragｒapｈ4AWｈｙｄｏｗｅfｏrgeｔthｉngｓ?ＢHowdoｗemeaｓuremｅmｏry?CWhatareｔheｓtaｇｅｓmeｍoryconsｉstｓoｆ？DWｈａtistｈediｆferｅncｅbetｗｅeｎｓhort-ｔeｒmmeｍoｒyandlｏｎｇ-terｍｍｅmory？EＷhａtiｓmemoｒy?FＷhｏｍayhａｖeapｏormeｍｏry？２7Rememberinginvolvｅsgettinｇthemaｔeriａｌbackoutwheｎitｉs28Grｏｕpｉngbitｓｏfiｎformatｉｏｎｉnｔｏlargerchuｎkｓhelpsimproｖetｈｅcａｐacityｏfoｕr29Loｎg－termｍemoｒyhａsaｎalｍosｔunlimitedcaｐａcityanda30Asameａｓuｒeoｆmｅmoｒy，reｌｅarｎingｉsmoreseｎｓｉtiveｔhanAshｏrt-termｍemｏrｙＢrelearningCｎeedeｄDcoｄedErｅcoｇnitioｎFsｌowforgettｉnｇrate第４部分:阅读理解(第31～45题,每题3分,共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有５道题。请根据短文内容,为每题拟定1个最佳选项。第一篇ＬiｇｈｔNｉｇht，DarkStａｒsＴｈousandsofpeoｐlearouｎdthegｌobeｓtｅｐｏutsideｔogａｚｅattｈeirnightｓky.Onaｃleaｒnight，wｉthｎｏcloｕds,ｍｏonlight,ｏrartificｉaｌｌiｇhtstoblocktｈevｉｅw,ｐeoｐlｅcanseemoreｔhaｎ14,０00ｓｔarsiｎｔhｅsky，sayｓDｅｎniｓWard,aｎastroｎｏmer(天文学家）wｉththeUnivｅrsityCｏｒporationfoｒAtmospheriｃＲesearcｈ（UＣAR）inBoulder,Cｏlo．Ｂｕｔwｈenpｅoplｅａresurｒｏundedｂycｉtylｉghtｓ,ｈesays，they＇ｒeluckytｏsee150staｒs．Ifyou'vｅeverｄriventowａrdabigｃiｔｙaｔnｉgｈtandｓeeniｔsglｏwfromagreatdistance,ｙoｕ'veｗｉｔｎessedlighｔpｏｌｌution.Itoｃｃuｒsｗhenlightfroｍsｔreetlｉghts,ｏffiｃｅ(照亮）tｈeniｇhtｂuildiｎgs，signs,andoｔｈerｓourｃessｔreamsintospacｅanｄillumｉｎａｔes～sky.Thｉshaze（朦胧)ofｌightｍakesｍanystａrsｉnvisibletopeoplｅonEaｒth.Evenatnight，bigcｉtieslikeNeｗYoｒｋｇlowfrｏmｌightｐoｌlution,makinｇsｔａrgaziｎgdifficult.Dｕsｔanｄpａｒticlesofpollutioｎｆrｏmfacｔoｒｉesandinｄｕsｔrieｓwｏrｓｅntheeｆfectｓofｌighｔpoｌluｔｉon．“Ifoneｃｉtyｈａsａlotmｏrelｉghｔpollutｉｏｎtｈanａｎotｈｅr,”Wardsays,“thatｃiｔywiｌlsufferｔｈeeffectｓｏflightpollｕtｉoｎｏnamｕｃhgrｅatｅrscale.”Ｈazyｓkｉｅsalsomａkeiｔfａrmｏredifｆicultfoｒastronomerstodoｔhｅirｊoｂs.Citiesａregｅttinglarｇer.Ｓuｂurbsarｅgｒowiｎgｉｎoｎｃｅdark,ruralaｒeas.Ｌighｔｆromallthisneｗdevｅｌopｍｅｎtisincｒeasｉnglyobｓｃuｒｉｎg（使变模糊)ｔｈefaｉnt(薄弱的）lightｇｉvｅnoffbｙdistantsｔａｒs.Andiｆscｉeｎtistscan＇ｔlｏcatethesｅｏbｊeｃts,ｔheｙcan'ｔｌeaｒｎmｏreａｂｏutthem.Lightpolｌuｔｉｏndoesn'ｔoｎlｙaffectstarvisibility.Iｔcaｎharmｗilｄlifetoｏ.It'sclearthaｔartificialｌightcａｎaｔtrａctanimalｓ,makｉngｔhｅmgｏoffcｏurse.There'sｉnｃreasingｅvidence，forexample，thatmigraｔinｇ(迁徙）birdsｕsｅsｕｎsetsandsunrisestｏhelpfinｄthｅｉｒway，saysＳｙｄｎｅｙGauthreauxＪr.,asｃiｅｎｔistａtＣｌemsonUnｉｖerｓiｔyinSoｕthCaｒｏlｉna．“Wheｎlightoccｕrsatnight，”hｅsａys，“ithaｓａｖerｙｄｉsruptiｖe（破坏性的）iｎflueｎcｅ．”Ｓｏmeｔimeｓｂｉrｄsｆlyintｏligｈｔedtｏwｅｒs，hiｇh-riｓes，andｃablｅsｆromradioandｔelevisiontoｗｅｒs.Ｅｘperｔsｅstiｍａtetｈatmilｌionsofbirｄsdieｔｈiswayeverｙyeaｒ.３1Onａｃlearniｇht，peoplｅcanseeA150stａｒs.Bhｕndreｄｓofstaｒｓ.Ｃonｅtｈouｓandstａｒｓ.Dmorethａn1４，00０staｒs.３2LｉｇhtpｏllutiｏnｏccｕｒswｈｅnＡarｔifｉcｉalligｈtsilluminatethenｉgｈtsky．Bｔhemｏonlightsupthenｉghｔsky.CtoomaｎystaｒsａｒevｉｓｉbleinthｅnｉｇhｔskｙDstrｅetligｈtsareｔｕrnedｏff.33NowadaysevensuburｂsareｂeｃｏmｉngunｓuitａblefｏｒｓciｅntistｓtodｏtheirｊobsbｅcauseＡｔｈenigｈｔskｙtｈｅｒeistooｄark．Btｈｅonｃedarkaｒeａsarｅaｌsopollutｅdｂylightｓ.Ctheseaｒｅaｓareｎotｐolｌuteｄｂｙcｈemicａls.Dthｅｓeａreaｓarelessdevelｏped.3４Howdoesligｈｔpollｕtｉｏｎaffectwｉｌdlｉｆｅ?AＡnｉmaｌｓｍａygｏoffｃourｓe.ＢIthelpsmigratiｎｇbirdsfindtheiｒhomes.ＣAnｉmalsaｒeａｆraiｄtoｇo人事考试教育网oｕtaftｅｒsunset.DＩtheｌpsbirdsfaｌlasleeｐ.35Thetitle“ＬｉghｔNighｔ，DarkStaｒs”mｅansAtheniｇhtskyisｂrighｔlyliｔupａｎｄｓtａｒｓareｂlaｃｋ.Bliｇhtｓapｐeaｒａtｎｉgｈｔaｎdstarｓareｓeenintｈedａrk.Cｃiｔylｉghtｓatnightｉｌlumｉnatestarsｉnｔheskｙ．Ｄｃitｙlightｓilluminatetｈenightｓky,makｉngsｔarsiｎvisiｂle第二篇ShopｐinｇatSecond-haｎdCｌｏｔhｉnｇＳtoresWｈen33-year-olｄPｅteBarthwａsincｏlleｇe,ｓhoｐpｉngatｓeｃond-hanｄｃloｔhinｇｓtorｅswａsｊuｓｔｓｏmｅthiｎgheｄiｄ-“ｌikechａnｇingthｅｔirｅｓonhiscaｒ.”Heｌookedathiｓｂｕｄget，ａｎｄdｅcｉdeｄhecｏｕldsaveａloｔofｍoneybysｈoppingfｏrcｌothesａtｔhriftshops．“Evennewcｌｏtｈesarefaｉｒlyｄisposaｂlｅ(用后即丢掉的）ａndweａroｕtａfteracoupｌeofyｅaｒｓ，”Barthｓaiｄ．“Inｔhriｆtsｈｏps，yｏuｃａnfinｄsomｅgrｅaｔsｔuｆfwhoseｑualiｔyｉsbetterthanneｗclothes．”Sｉnｃｅｔｈeｎ，Bａrｔｈ，whoworksataGoodwilltｈｒiftshopｉnｔheUSsｔateoｆFｌｏrida,ｈaｓｆouｎdthａtthｅrearealｌkinｄsofｒｅａsonsforshoppingfｏrsecoｎd－ｈanｄcloｔhing.Somｅpｅopleliｋｅhiｍ,ｓhｏpｔｏｓａvemoｎey.Sｏmeshｏpfｏracrazy-lookiｎgｓhiｒt.Ａndsｏmｅhoｐaｓameａnsｏfconservｉｎgenｅrgｙａndｈeｌpingtheenviｒonmeｎt.ＰatＡkins，ａnaｃｃouｎtantａtaFloridaSaｌｖaｔionＡｒmy（SA）（救世军)thriftshop,ｓaiｄhat，forher,shｏｐpingａｔｔhrｉftshｏｐsｉsａwａytohelｐｔhｅeｎvｉronment.“Whenｍydaughterｗａslｉttle，welooｋｅdatitasｒｅcyｃling，”Akｉｎssaｉd.“Also,wｈyay30dolｌarｓfｏｒanewcoatwhｅｎyoucangetａnotheronｅfｏraloｔlｅsｓ?”AkｉｎssaidｔhattｈeSＡｈａｓｓhopｓalｌovertheUS－“sｏmｅasｂiｇasdeparｔmeｎtstoreｓ.”Aｌlｏftheclotheｓaredonaｔｅd（捐赠)，ａndwhｅｎｔｈｅyhａｖeasurpｌuｓ（盈余),theｙ＇llｈave“stuffabag”spｅｃｉalｓ,ｗherecustｏｍｅｒsｃanfiｌlagｒｏcerysａckｗitｈclothｅsforonlyor1０doｌlars．JuliaＳｌocum，22，poｉntsout，however,thattｈehuｇeａmouｎtｏfｓeｃond－haｎdcｌothｉngｉnｔｈeUSistｈereｓｕltｏfAｍｅriｃanwastefuｌｎess.Ｉ＇dsａyｔhatｓｅcond-handsｔorｅｓaretheresulｔofourwａsteful，materiaｌisｔicculturｅ，“ｓaｉdSlｏｃum，whoworksfｏraｐｒｏ－cｏnｓerｖationorgaｎization,theＣｅｎtｅrfoｒａNewAmｅｒicanDream.”Thriftshopｓprｅventtｈaｔwastefroｍｇoingｔolａndfｉllｓ（垃圾填埋场)；theygiｖeclothｉngasｅcondlife,proｖidecheaperclｏ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