百校联考2023届高三下学期一模考试英语试题含解析

2023年高考英语模拟试卷注意事项1．考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回．2．答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用0．5毫米黑色墨水的签字笔填写在试卷及答题卡的规定位置．3．请认真核对监考员在答题卡上所粘贴的条形码上的姓名、准考证号与本人是否相符．4．作答选择题，必须用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应选项的方框涂满、涂黑；如需改动，请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案．作答非选择题，必须用05毫米黑色墨水的签字笔在答题卡上的指定位置作答，在其他位置作答一律无效．5．如需作图，须用2B铅笔绘、写清楚，线条、符号等须加黑、加粗．第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．Oneofthemostimportantquestionstheyhadtoconsiderwas___________ofpublichealth.A．whatB．thatC．thisD．which2．________theopportunitytospeakatthegraduationceremonymademeoverjoyed.A．Offering B．OfferedC．Tooffer D．Beingoffered3．—Isthereahospitalnearby?Ihurtmyankle,andcannotmovenow.—It’sabout3blocksaway.I_____youthere.A．tookB．takeC．willtakeD．havetaken4．—Tom,doyouenjoyyourpresentjob?—________.Ijustdoitforaliving.A．OfcourseB．NotreallyC．NotlikelyD．That’sallright5．The2011AustralianOpenwassuccessfullyheldincityofMelbourne,bigcityinAustralia.A．a;a B．the;a C．a;the D．the;the6．---May!Howisyourplan?IheardyoustarteditlastSunday.---Oh!Iforit,butIhaven’tdecidedwheretostartit.A．haveprepared B．hadprepared C．havebeenpreparing D．waspreparing7．Studentsarealwaysinterestedinfindingout_______theycangowithanewteacher.A．howfar B．howsoon C．howoften D．howlong8．ThoughthestoryofLiYunlongintheTVdrama“BrightSword”isafiction,muchof__________happenedishistoricallytrue.A．that B．what C．which D．it9．TheBritishgovernmentpublishedanofficialpolicydocument________itsplanstobringtheUKoutoftheEuropeanUnion.A．lettingoutB．puttingoutC．settingoutD．workingout10．______hewas12,Einsteinhadlearnedadvancedmathematicsbyhimself.A．ThefirsttimeB．AtthetimeC．BythetimeD．Duringthetime11．Rentusually________upinthesummer,whencollegegraduatesaremovingoutoftheirdormitoriesandseekingfornewplacestomovein.A．willgo B．goesC．hasgone D．went12．AgrandbanquetwasheldbyElizabethII_____PresidentXi’scurrentstatevisittotheUK.A．intermsofB．inhonorofC．infavorofD．inmemoryof13．________competenceinacquiringEnglishtodaycomesfromtheabilitytoexpressoneselfratherthaninsimplypassingexams.A．Due B．RawC．Core D．Keen14．I_________tohelpyoutodohomeworkbutIcouldn'tspareanytime.I________acompositionlastnightandI'llfinishittomorrow.A．wanted；wrote B．hadwanted；waswritingC．hadwanted；wrote D．wanted；havebeenwriting15．Enterourprize______andwinabreakinaNationalTrustholidaycottageofyourchoiceanywhereinthecountry.A．draw B．search C．match D．collection16．Newideassometimeshavetowaitforyearsbefore_____.A．beingfullyacceptingB．fullyacceptingC．havingfullyacceptedD．fullyaccepted17．Thiskindofglassesmadebyexperiencedcraftsmen_________comfortably.A．iswornB．wearsC．wearing D．areworn18．—Ken,________,butthemusicyouareenjoyingistooloud.—Oh,I’mterriblysorry.I’llturnitdownonthespot.A．IamreallytiredofthisB．IneedyourhelpC．I’dliketotalkwithyouD．Ihatetosaythis19．Youdon’tneedaninvitationtohelpothers.Givehelp_____youareasked.A．ifB．asC．thoughD．before20．Itisgoingtoraintoday.Takeanumbrellawithyouto________youfromtherain.A．stop B．prevent C．keep D．protect第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。21．（6分）Fashionshavealotofrules.Mostofthem,however,arejustwrong.Butthere’sonerulethatgoesbeyondtraditionandintothefieldofscientificstudyofthebrain:Blackgarmentsareslimming.Itallcomesdowntohowyourvisualsystemprocessesthelight.Thebelowholesineachsquarearethesameinsize,yetthewhiteholelooksbiggerthantheblackhole.Inthe1500s,GalileoGalileinoticedthatsomeoftheplanetslookedlargerwhenviewedwiththenakedeye(肉眼)thantheydidwhenviewedthroughatelescope,makingthewhitelightofVenus(金星)appeareighttotentimeslargerthanJupiter(木星)inthenightsky.Heknewsomethingstrangemustbegoingonwithhisvisiontocausethisillusion,buthewasn’tsurewhatitwas.Luckily,scientistsneverstoppedwondering,andin2014,theyfigureditout.Ourvisualsystemoperatesviatwomainchannels:“on”neurons(神经元)thataresensitivetolightthingsand“off”neuronsthataresensitivetodarkthings.Whenitcametothedark“off”neurons,theresearchersfoundthattheyrespondedpredictablytodarkshapesonalightbackground—thegreaterthecontrastbetweenthetwo,themoreactivetheseneuronswere.Butthelight“on”neuronsbehavedunpredictably.Evenwiththesameamountofcontrast,lightobjectsonadarkbackgroundcausedagreaterresponseintheseneurons.Thismakessomesense,evolutionarilyspeaking.Inthedarkofnight,you’dwanttobeabletotakeineverybitoflightyoucanget,soavisualsystemthatenlargeslightobjectsonadarkbackgroundcouldbeveryuseful.However,it’snotthathardtoseedarkobjectsinthelightofday.Ithassomeeffectsinthecolorsofyourclothesandintheappearanceoftheplanets—thebrighterappearanceofVenusinthenightskymakesitlookbiggerthanthedarkerJupiter.1、WhatdidGalileoGalileibelieveaccordingtoParagraph2?A．Theneuronsledtothedifference.B．Therewassomethingwrongwithhistelescope.C．Thedifferencewascausedbyhisvisualillusion.D．Thingswerebiggerwhenseenthroughtelescopes.2、Whatdoweknowaboutthe“off”neurons?A．Theyaresensitivetolightobjects.B．Theirbehaviorcan’tbepredicted.C．Theybehavedifferentlyfrompersontoperson.D．Theiractivenessimproveswiththecontrastofcolors.3、Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthephenomenon?A．Itmakespeoplefeelpuzzled.B．Itbringsgreatharmtopeople.C．Itismorecommonamongyouths.D．Itisbeneficialtopeople’sevolution.4、Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Whywelookthinnerwheninblack.B．Whatvisualillusionsbringtopeople.C．Howweareaffectedbythefashionrules.D．Whetherpeople’svisualsystemisdifferent.22．（8分）Doyouknowhowitiswhenyouseesomeoneyawnandyoustartyawningtoo?Orhowharditistobeamongpeoplelaughingandnotlaughyourself?Well,apparentlyit’sbecausewehavemirrorneurons(神经元)inourbrains.Putsimply,theexistenceofmirrorneuronssuggeststhateverytimeweseesomeoneelsedosomething,ourbrainsimitateit,whetherornotweactuallyperformthesameaction.Thisexplainsagreatdealabouthowwelearntosmile,talk,walk,danceorplaysports.Buttheideagoesfurther:mirrorneuronsnotonlyappeartoexplainphysicalactions,theyalsotellusthatthereisabiologicalbasisforthewayweunderstandotherpeople.Mirrorneuronscanundoubtedlybefoundalloverourbrains,butespeciallyintheareawhichrelatetoourabilitytouselanguages,andtounderstandhowotherpeoplefeel.Researchershavefoundthatmirrorneuronsrelatestronglytolanguage.Agroupofresearchersdiscoveredthatiftheygavepeoplesentencestolistento(forexample:“Thehandtookholdoftheball”),thesamemirrorneuronsweretriggeredaswhentheactionwasactuallyperformed(inthisexample,actuallytakingholdofaball).Anyproblemswithmirrorneuronsmaywellresultinproblemswithbehavior.Muchresearchsuggeststhatpeoplewithsocialandbehavioralproblemshavemirrorneuronswhicharenotfullyfunctioning.However,itisnotyetknownexactlyhowthesediscoveriesmighthelpfindtreatmentsforsocialdisorders.Researchintomirrorneuronsseemstoprovideuswithevermoreinformationconcerninghowhumansbehaveandinteract.Indeed,itmayturnouttobetheequivalentforneuroscienceofwhatEinstein’stheoryofrelativitywasforphysics.Andthenexttimeyoufeeltheurgetocoughinthecinemawhensomeoneelsedoes-well,perhapsyou’llunderstandwhy.1、Mirrorneuronscanexplain.A．whywecrywhenwearehurtB．whywecoughwhenwesufferfromacoldC．whywesmilewhenweseesomeoneelsesmileD．whyweyawnwhenweseesomeoneelsestayuplate2、Theunderlinedword“triggered”inthethirdparagraphprobablymeans“”.A．setoff B．cutoffC．builtup D．brokenup3、Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatmirrorneurons.A．relatetohumanbehaviorandinteractionB．controlhumanphysicalactionsandfeelingsC．resultinbadbehaviorandsocialdisordersD．determineourknowledgeandlanguageabilities4、Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Waystofindmirrorneurons. B．Problemsofmirrorneurons.C．Existenceofmirrorneurons. D．Functionsofmirrorneurons.23．（8分）Iamastrongbelieverthatifachildisraisedwithapproval,hewilllearntolovehimselfandwillbesuccessfulinhisownway.Severalweeksago,Iwasdoinghomeworkwithmysoninthethirdgradeandhekeptstandingupfromhischairtogooverthemathlines.Ikeptaskinghimtositdown,tellinghimthatheshouldconcentratebetter.Hesatbutsecondslater,asifhedidn’tevennoticehewasdoingit,hegotupagain.Iwasgettingfrustrated,butthenithitme.Istartednoticinghisanswersweremuchquickerandaccuratewhenhestoodup.Couldhebemoreintentwhilestandingup?ThismademestartquestioningmyselfandwhatIhadbeenraisedtobelieve.Iwasraisedtobelievethataquiet,calmchildwasasurewaytosuccess.Thischildwouldhavethedisciplinetostudyhard,getgoodgradesandbecomesomeoneimportantinlife.NowthosesamepeopleperhapscometorealizethattheirkidsarebornwiththeirownsetsofDNAandpersonalitytraits,andallyoucandoislovingandacceptingthem.Asparents,throughouttheirgrowingyearsandbeyondthat,weneedtobeourkids’bestcheerleaders,guidingthemandhelpingthemfindtheirway.Ihavestoppedaskingmysontositdownandconcentrate.Obviously,heisconcentratingjustinhisownwayandnotmine.Weneedtolearntoacceptourkids’waysofdoingthings.Somewaymayhaveworkedformebutdoesn’tmeanweneedtocarryitthroughgenerations.Thereisnothingsweeterthanbeingindividualandunique.Itmakesusfreeandhappyandthat’sjustthewayIwantmykidstolivetheirownlife.1、Atthebeginning,theauthortriedtokeephissonseatedinordertomakehim________.A．finishhishomeworkontimeB．keepsilentintheroomC．paymoreattentiontohisstudyD．getrightanswers2、Inspiredbythecaseofhisson,theauthorbegantodoubt________.A．theoldformofeducationB．theimportanceofparentsC．therelationshipbetweenkidsandtheirparentsD．thegoodgradesofsomekids3、Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisRIGHT?A．Weshouldhelpkidscorrecttheirwrongways.B．Parentsshouldloveandaccepttheirkids.C．Parentsshouldstudytheirkids’DNA．D．Kidsshouldbetaughttobehavethemselves.4、Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?A．StudyHardandYou’llBeSuccessfulB．BeFriendlytoYourChildrenC．Parents’HelpwithTheirChildren’sStudyD．Children’sSuccessinTheirOwnStyle24．（8分）Anewkeyboardcantellwhetheryouareitsowner.Thekeyboardrecordsinformationaboutthetypingpatternandsendsittoacomputerprogram.Theprogramthencheckstoseeifthetypingpatternandsendsittoacomputerprogram.Theprogramthencheckstoseeifthepatternmatchestherightuser,Ifnot,analarmsounds,andthecomputerlocksthetypistout.Itlocksoutanyoneelse,evenifthanpersonknowspassword.What’smore,thisdeviceneedsnobatteries.Itharvestsallthepersonknowsyourpassword.What’smore,thisdeviceneedsnobatteries.Itharvestsalltheenergyitneedsfromtheactionofyourtyping.Besides,thekeyboardisalsoself-cleaningandthekeysarefreeofdamagefromwater,oilanddirt.Thekeysofthenewkeyboardaremadeofthesameinexpensiveplasticthatmightbefoundonanyotherstandardkeyboard.Butinsteadofbeingsmooth,thekeyshavemillionsoftinyplasticnanowires（纳米线）ontheirsurfaceareatoeverykey,increasingthegffectivecontactareabetweentheplasticsandfingers.Thisensuresthatthere’senoughpowertorunthekeyboardassomeonetypes.LimingDai,ascientist,didnotworkonthenewkeyboard,buthethinksthedesigncouldbeimportantingettingbetterperformancefromavarietyofdevices.“Itcouldalsobeappliedtoatouchscreen,forinstance,”Daisays.“Thensmartphonesandnotepadscouldharvestenergyfromtheactionofsomeonetypingordrawing.”“Futureworkmightmakethekeyboardevenmoreuseful,”Daiadds.“Alaterdesignmightbuildtinycapacitors（电容器）ontothenanowires,”hesuggests.Capacitorsarelittledevicesthattemporarilystoreelectriccharges.ThosemightthenLEDstolightaKeyboardinthedark.ZhonglinWangisaco-designerofthenewkeyboard.Histeamhasbuildaworkingmodelofthekeyboard.“Ifacompanydecidestofund（投资）itsproduction,thiskeyboardcouldbeinstoresinaslittleastwoyears,”saysWang.1、Howdoesthenewkeyboardtellwhetheryouareitsowner?A．Bycheckingtherightuser’spasswords.B．Bysendingalarmstoacomputerprogram.C．Bymatchingthetypingpatterntotherightuser.D．Byrecordinginformationaboutthetypingpattern.2、Whyaretheremanynanowiresonthesurfaceofthekeys?A．Tomakethekeysbeautiful.B．Tohelpproducepower.C．Tomakethekeyssmooth.D．Toimprovethespeedoftyping.3、What’sDai’sattitudetothenewkeyboard?A．Unconcerned.B．Positive.C．Doubtful.D．Critical.4、Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．ANewKeyboardMadeofNanowires.B．ANewKeyboardPoweredbyTyping.C．ANewKeyboard’sFuture.D．ANewKeyboardEntirelyOwnedbyYou25．（10分）IsItWorthBuyingOrganicFood?Organicfood,grownwithoutartificialchemicals,isincreasinglypopularnowadays.Consumershavebeenwillingtopayuptotwicemoreforgoodswithorganiclabels(商标).However,ifyouthinkpayingalittlemorefororganicfoodgetsyouamorenutritiousandsaferproduct,youmightwanttosaveyourmoney.AstudyledbyresearchersatStanfordUniversitysaysthatorganicproductsaren'tnecessarilymorenutritious,andthey'renolesslikelytosufferfromdisease-causingbacteria,either.Thelatestresults,publishedintheAnnualsofInternalMedicine,suggestthatbuyersmaybewastingtheirmoney."Wedidnotfindstrongevidencethatorganicfoodismorenutritiousorhealthier,"saysDr.CrystalSmith-SpanglerfromStanford."Soconsumersshouldn'tassumethatonetypeoffoodhasalowerriskorissafer."Fortheirnewstudy,Smith-Spanglerandhercolleaguesconductedareviewoftwocategoriesofresearch,including17studiesthatcomparedhealthoutcomesbetweenconsumersoforganicagainsttraditionalfoodproducts,and223studiesthatanalyzedthenutritionalcontentofthefoods,includingkeyvitamins,mineralsandfats.Whiletheresearchersfoundlittledifferenceinnutritionalcontent,theydidfindthatorganicfruitandvegetableswere20%lesslikelytohavechemicalsremainingonthesurfaces.Neitherorganicnortraditionalfoodsshowedlevelsofchemicalshighenoughtogobeyondfoodsafetystandards.Andbothorganicandtraditionalmeats,suchaschickenandpork,wereequallylikelytobeharmedbybacteriaatverylowrates.Theresearchersdidfindthatorganicmilkandchickencontainedhigherlevelsofomega-3fattyacids,ahealthyfatalsofoundinfishthatcanreducetheriskofheartdisease.However,thesenutritionaldifferencesweretoosmall,andtheresearcherswereunwillingtomakemuchofthemuntilfurtherstudiesconfirmthetrends.Organicfoodisproducedwithfewerchemicalsandmorenatural-growingpractices,butthatdoesn'talwaystranslateintoamorenutritiousorhealthierproduct.TheU.S.DepartmentofAgriculture(USDA)statesthat"whetheryoubuyorganicornot,findingthefreshestfoodsavailablemayhavethebiggesteffectontaste."Freshfoodisatleastasgoodasanythingmarketedasorganic.1、Thenewresearchquestionswhetherorganicfood__________.A．shouldreplacetraditionalfood B．hasbeenoverpricedbyfarmersC．isgrownwithlessharmfulchemicals D．isreallymorenutritiousandhealthier2、Smith-Spanglerandhercolleaguesfoundthat__________.A．organicfoodcouldreducetheriskofheartdiseaseB．traditionalfoodwasgrownwithmorenaturalmethodsC．bothorganicandtraditionalfoodtheyexaminedweresafeD．therewasnotapresenceofanyformsofbacteriainorganicfood3、Whichofthefollowingisrelativelyhealthieraccordingtothepassage?A．Organicchickenandpork. B．Organicmilkandchicken.C．Traditionalchickenandpork. D．Traditionalfruitandvegetables.4、Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardorganicfood?A．Sceptical B．NeutralC．Unconcerned D．Approving第三部分语言知识运用（共两节）第一节（每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项．26．（30分）TheotherdayIwasofferedtwoticketstoaspecialpreviewofthelatestmovieforfree.Iwasn’tinterested,1Iknewmytwoboyswouldbe.Thatevening,wewereabit2fortime.Soinsteadofhavingdinnerathome,wehadfastfoodnearthemovietheaterOscar.Therewentthe3ofeightmovietickets.ThenImetupwithafriendandwesataround4forawhile,andanothermovieticketwentintoacupofcoffee,Afterthat,wefiguredwemightaswell5arounduntilthemovieendedtopickuptheboys.Tohelp6thetime,Iboughtsnacks.However,the7wentforanhourlongerthanexpected.Towatchthefreemovie,wealwayshaveto8anhourofads.Oh,didI9parkingandfightingmywaythroughthe10togettotherighttheater?Icouldhavesentthe11toamovietheaterinwalkingdistanceandhadenough12leftovertowatchtenmaremovies!NexttimeI’mofferedsomethingfree,I’ll13refuseit.Ishouldhaveknownbetter.14in2004,Ibuiltmyownbusiness.OneofmymarketingstrategiesisthatIoftenofferfreegifts,Isaid“probably”because“free”isjustthemostirresistible15inyourmarketinglanguage.Anditalways16.Ifyoudon’tbelieveme,nexttimewhenyoudoapromotion,17thistest:onewithandonewithoutthefree18.Youwillbeamazedbyhowmanypeoplewill19hundredsofdollarstogetsomethingfor20!1、A．forB．orC．soD．hut2、A．gratefulB．preparedC．rushedD．thankful3、A．limeB．priceC．chanceD．length4、A．singingB．judgingC．bargainingD．chatting5、A．wanderB．turnC．lookD．gather6、A．saveB．wasteC．recordD．kill7、A．meetingB．movieC．walkD．coffee8、A．breakdownB．sitthroughC．cutdownD．lookthrough9、A．forgetB．continueC．mentionD．stop10、A．raceB．parkC．gateD．traffic11、A．employeesB．customersC．boysD．friends12、A．foodB．patienceC．momD．money13、A．probablyB．angrilyC．definitelyD．repeatedly14、A．EndingB．WritingC．RevoltingD．Stalling15、A．wordB．reasonC．letterD．desire16、A．failsB．cheatsC．worksD．loses17、A．tryB．studyC．faceD．attend18、A．helpB．giftC．adviceD．market19、A．gainB．hankC．receiveD．pay20、A．somethingB．everythingC．nothingD．anything第二节（每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。27．（15分）1．Kidswouldlovetohavemoremoneyintheirpockets.Withthemoneythat_______(make)bythemselvestheycanbuythethingstheywant.Actually,makingmoneywhenyouareakidismuch_______(easy)thanyouthink.Hereisagreatmethodofmakingmoneyforyou,ifyouareakid.It’sdogwalking.Don’ttrytododogwalkingasabusinessifyouarenot_______(comfort)withdogs.However,ifyoulovedogs,thiscanbeagood_______(choose).Usuallyyourcustomersareintheneighborhood.Askdogowner_______(tell)youasmuchaspossible_______theirdogsandtheirhabits.It’sveryimportantthatyoukeepfriendlywiththedogs._______(bring)atreattothedogscanhelpdevelopafriendshipwiththem.Youcancharge5dollars_______awalklasts30minutes.Ifadog’sownerwantsyoutowalk_______(he)dogforanhour,youcancharge10dollarsoreven15dollars.Theonlydisadvantageofthismethodisthatyouhavetodealwithdogwaste.Besuretotake________bagandcleanupafterthosedogs.2．Athens,thecapitalofGreece,________(know)asthebirthplaceof________(west)civilization.Twothousandfourhundredyearsago,itwastheworld’smost________(power)city.________(build)suchastheParthenonontheAcropolisHillwerebuiltduringthisperiod.Greece’sbestwriterslivedinancientAthens.Theirworkhasinfluencedotherwritersever________.第四部分写作（共两节）第一节短文改错（满分10分）28．（10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2、只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。Thatnightwasextremelyhot,soIopenedallthewindowsanddoors、Gradually,Ifallasleep、ItsuddenlyrainedheavyinthemidnightandIfeltcold、ThenextmorningIwasill、Mothertookmetothehospital,butthedoctorsaidIhadafeverandthatImuststayinbedinacoupleofdays、Backathome,Itooksomemedicineandsoonfeltmuchwell、Feelingbored,Iwalkedtothebalconyandstoodtherewatchingpeoplecomeandgoinginthestreet、Thewindwascoolbeforetherain、InawhileIfeltsocoldmybodywastrembling、Iwasrushedtothehospitalagain、ThattimeIstayedthereuntilIwasfullyrecovered、171第二节书面表达（满分25分）29．（25分）每年的8月8日是“全民健身日”，为了让这项运