大英综合3Test4答案和注释

综合B3U4小测答案PartIReadingComprehension(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithseveralblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce .AlbertEinsteinwas1__.Forthethirdnightinarow,hisbabysonHans,crying,keptthehousehold2__untildawn.WhenAlbertfinally3__,itwastimetogetupandgotowork.Hecouldn't4__aday.Heneededthejobtosupporthisyoungfamily.Walking5__tothePatentOffice,wherehewasa Technic“alExpert,ThirdClass,”Albertworriedabouthismother.Shewasgettingolderand6__ ,andshedidnt7’__hismarriagetoMileva.Relationswere8__.Albert9__apassingshopwindow.Hishairwasamess;hehadforgottentocombitagain.Work.Family.10__.Albertfeltallthepressureandresponsibilityofanyyounghusbandandfather.A)exhaustedB)disdainC)awakeD)dozedoffE)skipF)brisklyG)passionatelyH)frailI)baffleJ)approveofK)glancedatL)intuitionM)stimulateN)MakingendsmeetO)strained正确答案：1-10ACDEFHJOKNSectionBDirections:Thereareseveralpassagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.PassageOneQuestions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Foraboutthreecenturieswehavebeendoingscience,tryingscienceout,usingsciencefortheconstructionofwhatwecallmoderncivilization.Everydispensableitemofcontemporarytechnology,fromcanallockstodialtelephonestopenicillin,waspiecedtogetherfromtheanalysisofdataprovidedbyoneoranotherseriesofscientificexperiments.Threehundredyearsseemsalongtimefortestinganewapproachtohumaninter-living,longenoughtosetbackforcriticalappraisalofthescientificmethod,maybeevenlongenoughtovoteonwhethertogoonwithitornot.Thereisanargument11.Voiceshavebeenraisedinprotestsincethebeginning,risinginpitchandviolenceinthe19thcenturyduringtheearlystagesoftheindustrialrevolution,summoningurgentcrowdsintothestreetsontheissueofnuclearenergy.“Giveitback,"saysomeofthevoices,Itdoesn'”treallywork,we'vetrieditanditdoesntwork.’Gobackthreehundredyearsandstartagainonsomethingelselesschancyfortheraceofman. ”Theprincipaldiscoveriesinthiscentury,takingallinall,aretheglimpsesofthedepthofourignoranceofnature.Thingsthatusedtoseemclearandrational,andmattersofabsolutecertainty—Newtonianmechanics,forexample—haveslippedthroughourfingers;andweareleftwithanewsetofgiganticpuzzles,cosmicuncertainties,andambiguities.Someofthelawsofphysicsareamendedeveryfewyears;somearecanceled12outright;someundergorevisedversionsoflegislativeintentasiftheywereactsofCongress.JustthirtyyearsagowecallitabiologicalrevolutionwhenthefantasticgeometryoftheDNAmoleculewasexposedtopublicviewandthelinearlanguageofgeneticswasdecoded.Forawhile,thingsseemedsimpleandclear:thecellwasaneatlittlemachine,amechanicaldevicereadyfortakingtopiecesandreassembling,likeatinywatch.Butjustinthelastfewyearsithasbecomealmostunbelievablycomplex,filledwithstrangeparts13whosefunctionsarebeyondtoday ’simagining.Itisnotjustthatthereismoretodo,thereiseverythingtodo.Whatliesahead,orwhatcanlieaheadiftheeffortsinbasicresearcharecontinued,ismuchmorethantheconquestofhumandiseaseortheimprovementofagriculturaltechnologyorthecultivationofnutrientsinthesea.14Aswelearnmoreaboutfundamentalprocessesoflivingthingsingeneralwewilllearnmoreaboutourselves.WhatCANNOTbeinferredfromthefirstparagraph?Scientificexperimentsinthepastthreehundredyearshaveproducedmanyvaluableitems.Forthreehundredyearstherehavebeenpeopleholdingahostileattitudetowardscience.Moderncivilizationdependsonsciencesomansupportsscientificprogressunanimously(无异议地，全体一致地).Somepeoplethinkthreehundredyearsisnotlongenoughtosetbackforcriticalappraisalofscientificmethod.正确答案：CTheprincipaldiscoveryinthiscenturyshows .manhasoverthrownNewton'slawsofphysicsmanhassolvedanewsetofgiganticpuzzlesmanhaslostmanyscientificdiscoveriesmanhasgivenupsomeoftheonceacceptedtheories正确答案：DNowscientistshavefoundinthepastfewyearsA)theexposureofDNAtothepublicisunnecessaryB)thetinycellinDNAisaneatlittlemachineC)manknowsnothingaboutDNAD)manhasmuchtolearnaboutDNA正确答案：DThewritersm’ainpurposeinwritingthepassageistosaythat .scienceisjustatitsbeginningsciencehasgreatlyimprovedmanslife’sciencehasmadeprofoundprogresssciencehasdonetoolittletohumanbeings正确答案：AThewriter'sattitudetowardsscienceis .criticalapprovingneutralregretful正确答案：CPassageTwoQuestions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage.OurculturehascausedmostAmericanstoassumenotonlythatourlanguageisuniversalbutthatthegesturesweuseareunderstoodbyeveryone.Wedonotrealizethatwavinggood-byeisthewaytosummonapersontoone'ssideinthePhilippines,orthatinItalyandsomeLatin-Americancountries,curlingthefingertooneselfisasignoffarewell.ThoseprivatecitizenswhosentpackagestoourtroopsoccupyingGermanyafterWorldWarIIandmarkedthemGIFTtoescapedutypaymentsdidnotbothertofindoutthat"Gift"meanspoisoninGerman.Moreover,weliketothinkofourselvesasfriendly,yetweprefertobeatleast3feetoranarm'slengthawayfromothers.LatinsandMiddleEasternersliketocomecloserandtouch,whichmakesAmericansuncomfortable.Ourlinguisticandculturalblindnessandthecasualnesswithwhichwetakenoticeofthedevelopedtastes,16,20gestures,customsandlanguageofothercountries,arelosingusfriends,businessandrespectintheworld.EvenhereintheUnitedStates,wemakefewconcessionstotheneedsofforeignvisitors.Therearenoinformationsignsinfourlanguageonourpublicbuildingsormonuments;wedonothavemultilingual(多语的)guidedtours.Veryfewrestaurantmenushavetranslations,andmultilingualwaiters,bankclerksandpolicemenarerare.OurtransportationsystemshavemapsinEnglishonlyandoftenweourselveshavedifficultyunderstandingthem.Whenwegoabroad,wetendtoclusterinhotelsandrestaurantswhereEnglishisspoken.Theattitudesandinformationwepickupareconditionedbythosenatives—usuallythericher—whospeakEnglish.Ourbusinessdealings,aswellasthenation'sdiplomacy,areconductedthroughinterpreters.Formanyyears,AmericaandAmericanscouldgetbywithculturalblindnessandlinguisticignorance.17,18Afterall,Americawasthemostpowerfulcountryoftheworld,thedistributorofneededfundsandgoods.Butallthatispast.Americandollarsnolongerbuyallgoodthings,andweareslowlybeginningtorealizethatourproperroleintheworldischanging.19A1979Harrispollreportedthat55percentofAmericanswantthiscountrytoplayamoresignificantroleinworldaffairs;wewanttohaveahandintheimportantdecisionsofthenextcentury,eventoughitmaynotalwaysbetheupperhand.ItcanbeinferredthatAmericansbeingapproachedtoocloselybyMiddleEasternerswouldmostprobablystandstilljumpasidestepforwarddrawback正确答案：DTheauthorgivesmanyexamplestocriticizeAmericansfortheir .culturalself-centerednesscasualmannersindifferencetowardsforeignvisitorsarrogancetowardsothercultures正确答案：AIncountriesotherthantheirownmostAmericans .areisolatedbythelocalpeoplearenotwellinformedduetothelanguagebarriertendtogetalongwellwiththenativesneedinterpretersinhotelsandrestaurants正确答案：BAccordingtotheauthor,American'sculturalblindnessandlinguisticignorancewill affecttheirimageintheneweracutthemselvesofffromtheoutsideworldlimittheirroleinworldaffairsweakenthepositionoftheUSdollar正确答案：CTheauthorsi’ntentioninwritingthisarticleistomakeAmericansrealizethat .itisdangeroustoignoretheirforeignfriendsitisimportanttomaintaintheirleadingroleinworldaffairsitisnecessarytouseseverallanguagesinpublicplacesitistimetogetacquaintedwithothercultures正确答案：DPartIIIVocabularyandStructure(11minutes)Directions:Thereareanumberofincompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ChoosetheONEthatbestcompletesthesentence.Thesafedisposalofwasteisalegalrequirementratherthananindustryrelyingonsummerchoice,somost___disposalcompanieswillnotbethreatenedbytheeconomicrecession.gardengarbagegallery 画廊，走廊garlic 大蒜； 蒜头Afterreadingthenewsabouther,thepopstar___thereporterviolentlyformakingupthestoryandspreadingtherumors.causedcurved使弯曲；使成曲线cursed诅咒；咒骂curedOneoftheaimsofmodernnaturalscienceisto___upuniversalprinciplesorlawsfrompiecesofdata.workwakewaitwalkGrammahasgotahighfever;doyouthinkweshould___forthedoctor?sellsettlesetsendfor召唤；派人去取；申请；订购Cathy___downthewell-paidjobbecauseitinvolvedtoomanybusinesstrips.tookturnedtunedtonedItisthemiddleofthesemesterandallstudentsaremaking___effortstomeetthedeadlinesoftheirassignments.supremeadj.（程度）很大的；最高的；至高的；最重要的suppersummary adj.概括的，总结的； 即刻的，立即的surpriseThedoctorsandthenursesarekeepingthepatientunderclose___onaccountofhiscriticaloperation.obedient adj.顺从的，服从的observation underobservation （尤指病人或嫌疑犯）在观察中；在监视中obligation 义务，责任occupation职业，工作；占有，占领MoreandmoreEnglishteacherswouldliketo___thecommunicativeapproachtotheirteaching.adaptvi.适应于，适应不同，f#况（或环境） （to）vt.改编，改写；改变…以适合（for）adhereto粘附；遵循，坚持adoptadobe adj.用土坯建造的Notalltwinsare___inthedetailsoftheirinterests.alikelikealivealightadj.点亮的；烧着的alike,like,similar,comparable,parallel,uniform,identical这些形容词均有“相似的，类似的”之意。alike：指事物在性质、特征或外貌上固有的而不是偶然的相似。普通用词，只作表语。like：普通用词，含义广泛，指多个或全部特性都相似，但并非同一个，也可指在某个特殊的偶然相似。similar：强调不同的人或事物之间完全或部分相似，暗示可暂不考虑或无视其差异之处。comparable：指在某一点或几点上有相似之处，可作有限或粗略的对比，尤指在价值或能力等方面可相提并论。parallel：主要指在外表或在性质上相似到有可以相提并论的程度。uniform：指在性质、数量、形态或程度等方面相似到很难看出差异的地步。identical：语气最强：可指同一个人或物：也可指数个人或物之间完全没有差别。Explorershavefoundanother___whichhasrichmineralsinthewesternChina.lobby门厅：大厅；休息室；投票厅locklodging出租的房间；暂住；寄宿；借宿localityplace,position,spot,situation,site,location,locality,setting,scene这些名词均含“地点：位置：场所”之意。place：含义广泛：最普通用词：既可指很小的地点：又可指很大很远的地方或场所。position：多指物体相对于其他物体所处的位置或状态。spot：指相对较小的特定地点或事物所在地。situation：指物体在其周围环境中所处的位置或状态：侧重地点或场所的环境特征。site：指或大或小的地方：既可指供专门用途或特定活动的地点：又可指某一事件的地址。location：指某物设置的方向或地点。locality：指某物所处的客观位置和周围地区。setting：一般特指戏剧或小说所写的环境或场所。scene： 常指真实事件或虚构故事发生的地点。AfterArabwonindependence,greatemphasiswaslaidonexpandingeducation,withgirlsaswellasboys___togotoschool.tobeencouragedareencouragedbeingencouragedbeencouraged wasoriginallyestablishedtohonorAmericanswhohadservedinWorldWarI.Veterans’Day美国老兵纪念日MayDayValentine’sDayNationalDayEverymaninthiscountryhastherighttolivewherehewantsto, thecolourofhisskin.withtheexceptionof除•一以夕卜inthelightof鉴于，由于，按照byvirtueof凭借…的力量，由于［因为］regardlessof不管，不顾Theoldcoupledecidedto aboyandagirlthoughtheyhadthreechildrenoftheirown.adaptbringbringup抚养孩子并使其适应社会：Webothfeltthetownwastheperfectplacetobringupafamily.receiveadopt收养；采用，采取，采纳Itreally methewayhekeepsdrumminghisfingersonthetable.bugs打扰，烦恼；折磨，使痛苦reserves储备；保留；预约accounts认为；把…视作interferesvi.干预，干涉；调停，排解；妨碍，打扰interfere,intervene,meddle这些动词均含“干涉，干预 ”之意。interfere：侧重指无权或未获允许而妨碍、阻扰、干涉他人之事。intervene：书面用词，指介入争端，进行调停，也指干涉他人之事。meddle：指干预与自己毫不相关的事或不属于自己职责范围的事，隐含未经许可或授权。可与interfere换用。Girls___80percentofthestudentsinmostclassesinthenormaluniversity.takeaccountof考虑accountfor说明（原因、理由等）；导致，引起； （在数量、比例上）占；对…负责makefor 走向；前往；冲向；有利于aremadeupof构成，组成Whiletryingtocrosstheroadwiththeredlighton,themanwasbyabusandtakentothehospitalnearbybyataxidriver.knockedoff 停止工作，仓促或轻易地完成、做完或处理，【非正式用语】除掉；消除，【俚语】持枪抢劫，拦路抢劫knockeddown 击倒在地，拆卸，【非正式用语】削减价格等knockedagainst相撞，碰击[(+against)]Hislegsknockedagainstthechair. 他的两条腿撞到了椅子。敲，击，打[(+on/at)]Heknockedatthedoorandentered. 他敲了敲门便走进去了。knockedoutHisangermayhavesincehelookscheerfultoday.fadedawayfadedupfadeddownfadedout淡出：逐渐消失 反fadedinMr.Copperfieldoftenwearsalongfaceintheofficesomuchsothathiscolleaguesdon 'tthinkthatheisa staff.fashionableaccountable负有责任的exchangeableapproachable可亲近的； 可接近的Anaccidenttheboyfromplayingfootballwhenhewasnineyearsold.hurtdisabled使无能力；使残废，使伤残unabledamagedhurt,injure,wound,harm,damage,disable这些动词均有损害，伤害”之意。hurt:普通用词，较口语化，侧重指给有生命的东西造成机体上或精神、感情上的或轻或重的伤害。wound:专指对身体的重伤，尤指在战斗中受的伤，强调外部创伤；也可指精神方面的伤害。harm：主要用于有生命的东西，语气略强于 injure,指引起严重的痛苦和损伤；有时也用于抽象事物，指造成任何不良后果。damage：通常指对无生命物体的损害，并有降低其价值，破坏其功能等的后果。disable：强调使伤残。Peopleappreciatewithhimbecausehehasagoodsenseofhumor.toworktohaveworkedworkinghavingworked正确答案：Cappreciate,enjoy这两个动词均含欣赏”之意。appreciate：多用于文学方面，强调对事物有深入的理解能力，且能鉴赏。enjoy：普通用词，使用广泛，程度不及 appreciate,多指从外界事物中得到喜悦与满足，领略到乐趣，享受意味强。Hegivespeopletheimpression allhislifeabroad.ofhavingspenttohavespentofbeingspenttospend正确答案：A他给人们一种印象，(好像他曾经)一辈子都在外国呆过(一样)。Thestudent'swritingshowsplentyof .insensitivity不灵敏；不敏感insensibility没有知觉，不在乎，不关心；无感情indifference不重视，不在乎，漠不关心；冷淡imagination正确答案：DYouwillneverknowwhata(n) shewastoallaroundher.admiration钦佩，赞美inspiration灵感； 鼓舞人心的人或事calculationinnocence清白； 天真无邪正确答案：BHecould herfaceatwill.他随便什么时候都能回想起她的模样来。scatter分散，驱散isolateconfuseevoke引起；唤起正确答案：DThesongevokedafeelingofloveinthelisteners.这首歌唤起听众爱的感觉Asmallchildhastolearntokeepits beforehecanwalkfar.baggageblockborderbalance正确答案：DItgoes thattheoldcouplelovedtheircountrydeeply.beyondbeliefbeyonddoubtoverdoubtoverbelief正确答案：BHedressedtooformally,whichmadehimlooka___outofplaceattheclassunion.trifletinysortfew正确答案： Aatrifle有点儿，稍微atriflestingy有点儿小气Thebrainstorminclassafreeexchangeofideas.constituted构成，组成stimulus刺激物stimulated刺激；激励startled使震惊，使大吃一惊正确答案