2023学年完整版被动语态

被动语态PassiveVoice

时间一般进行完成现在Is/am/aredoneIs/am/arebeingdoneHas/havebeendone过去Was/weredoneWas/werebeingdoneHadbeendone将来Shall/willbedone过去将来Should/wouldbedone1.不知谁是动作的执行者，或没必要指出谁是动作执行者。Thewindowhasn’tbeencleanedforweeks.2.在文章标题、广告、新闻中。Girlswanted!招女工。3.当动作的执行者不是人时。Thenumberofdeathsfromheartdiseasewillbereducedifpeopleeatmorefruitandvegetables.主被动转换：1.Theyarerepairingthebike.Thebikeisbeingrepaired.2.若宾语是从句时，可用it作形式主语，原宾语从句变为主语从句，仍放在谓语后面。Peoplebelievethatheisill.Itisbelievedthatheisill.Itissaidthat---据说---Itisreportedthat---据报道---Itissuggestedthat---据建议---Itisthoughtthat---人们认为---3.动词后跟双宾语，变为被动语态时，其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个宾语保留不动，一般把代表人的宾语变为主语。Wegavehimsomebooks.Hewasgivensomebooks.Somebooksweregiventohim.4.动词后跟复合宾语，宾语变主语，宾补变主补。Wesawhimsittingtherewithoutdoinganything.Hewasseensittingtherewithoutdoinganything不用被动语态的几种情况：therebe结构不及物动词(appear,die,happen,remain等)系动词无被动（look,sound,feel,taste/smell）表状态、希望、意图等词或短语不用被动。(cost,have,own,wish,want,hope,like,love，datebackto,belongto,sufferfrom)Wehavethreemealsaday.Iwanttogotheremyself.5.当及物动词leave，enter,reach等的宾语是表示地点和处所的名词时不可变为被动。Helefthishometowntenyearsago.

5.短语动词变被动语态要注意完整性。Thatoldmanwasoftenlaughedat.Theplanwillbegivenup.Badhabitshavebeendoneawaywith.Hemustbepreventedfromgoing.6.getdone可表示被动。MywatchgotbrokenwhileIwasplayingwiththechildren.主动形式表示被动含义：1.系动词+adj./n构成系表结构。（appear,seem,goturn,stay,become,get,grow,keep等）Thefishhasgonebad.I’mfeelingalittlebettertoday.2.表开始、结束、运动的动词，如begin,finish,start,open,close,stop,end,shut,run,move等Theshopclosesat6p.m.everyday.

3.表示主语的某种属性特征的动词，如read,write,drive,sell,wash,clean,wear,cook,lock等。这类动词一般不单独使用，常有一个修饰词。Thiscoatdrieseasily.Yourarticlereadsverywell.Yourpenwritessmoothly.Thetyresonthecarseemtobewearingwell.Theenginewon’tstart.Thematchwon’tcatch.4.少数动词用进行时，其主动形式表示被动含义。如print,cook,sell等。Themeatiscooking.肉正炖着。5.介词in/on/under等+n构成介词短语，表被动意义。Undercontrolonsaleinprint已出版UnderrepaironshowUnderconstructionUnderdiscussion6.have+宾语+todo“Doyouhaveanyhomeworktodo?”askedmother.“Doyouhaveclothestobewashed?”askedtheservant.7.主语+be+adj.+todoTheproblemisdifficulttosolve.8.特殊结构1）betoblame受谴责betorent/let待出租Whichdriveristoblamefortheaccident?Thishouseistolet.2)BeworthdoingThebookiswellworthbuying.

3）want,require,need后跟动名词，主动形式表示被动含义。Yourhairwantscutting/tobecut.4)With复合结构