系解全肌肉系统muscles of limb

Themusclesoflimbs

四肢肌

Themusclesofupperlimb

上肢肌Themusclesofupperlimbaredividedinto:

ThemusclesofshoulderarmforearmhandDeltoid三角肌Supraspinatus冈上肌Infraspinatus冈下肌Teresminor小圆肌Teresmajor大圆肌Subscapularis肩胛下肌Musclesofshoulder

肩肌

Deltoid三角肌Origin:lateralthirdofclavicle,acromion,andspineofscapulaInsertion:deltoidtuberosityofhumerusAction:abductsthearm;anteriorpartmayflexesandmedicallyrotatesthearmandtheposteriorpartextendsandlaterallyrotatesarmMusclesofshoulder

肩肌Teresmajor大圆肌Origin:dorsalsurfaceofinferiorangleofscapulaInsertion:crestoflessertubercleofhumerusAction:mediallyrotatesandadductsarmMusclesofshoulder

肩肌AntereriorgroupBicepsbrachii肱二头肌Coracobrachialis喙肱肌Brachialis肱肌Musclesofarm臂肌Bicepsbrachii肱二头肌Origin:longhead,supraglenoidtubercle;shorthead,coracoidprocessInsertion:radicaltuberosityAction:supinatorofforearm,flexorofelbowjoint,weakflexorofshouldjointPosteriorgroup:Tricepsbrachii肱三头肌Origin:longhead,infraglenoidtubercle;lateralhead,abovegrooveforradicaln.,medicalhead,belowgrooveforradicaln.Insertion:olecranonofulnaAction:extendselbowjoint),longheadcanextendandadductshoulderjointMusclesofarm臂肌Musclesofforearm

前臂肌

SuperficiallayerBrachioradialis肱桡肌Pronatorteres旋前圆肌Flexorcarpiradialis桡侧腕屈肌Palmarislongus掌长肌Flexorcarpiulnaris尺侧腕屈肌Anteriorgroup(9)

Pronatorteres旋前圆肌Origin:medicalepicondyleofhumerusanddeepfasciaofforearmInsertion:middleoflateralsurfaceofradiusAction:

pronationofforearmSecondlayer－flexordigitorumsuperficials指浅屈肌ThirdlayerFlexordigitorumprofundus指深屈肌Flexorpollicislongus拇长屈肌Fourthlayer－pronatorquadratus旋前方肌Action:flexradiocarpaljointandfingers,pronateforearmExtensorcarpiradialislongus桡侧腕长伸肌Extensorcarpiradialisbrevis桡侧腕短伸肌Extensordigitorum指伸肌Extensordigitiminimi小指伸肌Extensorcarpiulnaris尺侧腕屈肌Posteriorgroup(10)Superficiallayer(5)Supinator旋后肌Abductorpollicislongus拇长展肌Extensorpollicisbrevis拇短伸肌Extensorpollicislongus拇长伸肌Extensorindicis示指伸肌Action:extendradiocapraljointandfingers,andsupinateforearmDeeplayer(5)SupinatorOrigin:lateralepicondyleofhumerusandupperpartoflateralborderofulnaInsertion:upperthirdofanteriorsurfaceofradiusAction:supinationofforearmLateralgroup－thenar鱼际

Abductorpollicisbrevis拇短展肌Flexorpollicisbrevis拇短屈肌Opponenspollicis拇对掌肌Adductorpollicis拇收肌Action:flex,abduct,adductandopposethumbMusclesofhandMedialgroup－hypothenarAbductordigitiminimi小指展肌Flexordigitiminimibrevis小指短屈肌Opponensdigitiminimi小指对掌肌Action:flex,abduct,andopposelittlefingerMusclesofhandLumbricales蚓状肌(4)－flexmetacarpophalangealjointsandextendinterphalangealjointsPalmarinterossei

骨间掌侧肌(3)－adductfingerstowardsmiddlefingerDorsalinterossei骨间背侧肌(3)－abductfingersawayfrommiddlefingerIntermedialgroupThemusclesoflowerlimb

下肢肌Themusclesoflowerlimbaredividedinto:

ThemusclesofHipThighLegfoot一、ThemusclesofHip

髋肌（一）Anteriorgroup1、Iliopsoas髂腰肌Psoasmajor腰大肌起自椎体侧面和横突Iliacus髂肌起自髂窝Action：flexesthethighandrotatethighlaterally。下肢固定时，可使躯干和骨盆前屈。腰大肌髂肌2、tensorfasciaelatae

阔筋膜张肌:使阔筋膜紧张并屈髋。阔筋膜张肌止于股骨小转子lessertrochanter（二）posteriorgroup1、GluteusMaximus臀大肌

Action：extendthethighandrotatethethighlaterally使大腿后伸和外旋2、Piriformis梨状肌

Action：rotateandabductthethighlaterally外旋外展大腿PiriformisPiriformispiriformisGluteusmediusGluteasminimus

Obturatorinernus

Quadratusfemoris

Gluteusmedius

臀中肌

Gluteusminimus

臀小肌

Action：abdutthethigh

外展大腿

rotatethighlaterallyObturatorinternus闭孔内肌Quadratusfemoris股方肌Obturatorexternus闭孔外肌二、Themusclesofthigh

大腿肌（一）Anteriorgroup1、Sartorius

缝匠肌Action：flexesthethighandtheleg

，Whenthekneeisflexed,itmediallyrotatestheleg.2、QuadricepsFemoris

股四头肌Rectusfemoris股直肌Vastuelateralis股外侧肌

Vastusmedialis股内侧肌Vastusuntermedius股中间肌缝匠肌股直肌Origin:anteriorsuperioriliacspineInsertion:theupperpartofthemedialsurfaceofthetibia二、Themusclesofthigh

大腿肌2、QuadricepsFemoris

股四头肌

Action：extendtheleg;rectusfemorisalsoflexesthethigh

屈大腿作用股直肌Origin:

Rectusfemoris:anteriorinferioriliacspineVastusmedialis:mediallipoflineaasperaVastuslateralis:laterallipoflineaasperaVastusintermedius:anteriorsurfaceoffemurInsertion:

tibialtuberosityviapatellarligamentAdductorlongus长收肌Pectineusm.耻骨肌Gracilism.股薄肌Addcormagnus大收肌Adductorbravis短收肌（二）MedialgroupAdductandrotatethethighlaterally耻骨、股薄、三收肌（三）posteriorgroup1、BicepsFemoris股二头肌Action：extendthethighandflexestheleg伸大腿，屈小腿，可使小腿稍旋外，2、Semitendinosus半腱肌3、Semimembranosus半膜肌Action：extendthethighandflexestheleg伸大腿，屈小腿，，使小腿稍旋内股二头肌半腱、半膜、股二头半膜肌三、Themusclesofleg

小腿肌（一）Anteriorgroup

前群Extensordigitorumlongus趾长伸肌extend1-4toesActionofanteriorgroup：DorsiflexofanklejointTibialisanterior胫骨前肌Invertthefoot使足内翻Extensorhallucislongus拇长伸肌extendthebigtoes伸拇趾三、Themusclesofleg小腿肌（二）lateralgroupPeroneuslongus腓骨长肌Peroneusbrevis腓骨短肌Action：plantarflexestheankleandtheeversionoffoot跖屈踝关节，并使足外翻。（三）Theposteriorgroup后群肌

1、SuperficiallayerTricepssurae小腿三头肌Soleus比目鱼肌Gastrocnemius腓肠肌Action：plantarflexetheankle，

GastrocnemiusalsoflexthelegTendocalcaneus跟腱Gastrocnemius腓肠肌Soleus比目鱼肌

1、deeplayer:

consistsof4muscles.Popliteus腘肌Action:flexlegandrotatethelegmediallyFlexorhallucislongus拇长屈肌Action:plantarflexanklejointandflexesthebigtoeFlexordigitorumlongus趾长屈肌Action:flexeslateralfourtoes,plantarflexesfootTibialisposterior胫骨后肌Action:plantarflexesandinvertsfoot四、Themusclesoffoot足肌（一）Themusclesonthedorsumoffoot

足背肌

extensordigitorumbrevis趾短伸肌：extensethe2-4toe.

extensorhallucisbrevis拇短伸肌：extensethebigtoe.四、Themusclesoffoot足肌（一）Themusclesofthesole足底肌1.Medialgroup内侧组Abductorhallucis拇展肌Flexorhallucisbrevis拇短屈肌Adductorhallucis拇收肌AbductorhallucisFlexorhallucisbrevis四、Themusclesoffoot足肌（一）Themusclesofthesole足底肌1.Medialgroup内侧组Abductorhallucis拇展肌Flexorhallucisbrevis拇短屈肌Adductorhallucis拇收肌Adductorhallucis四、Themusclesoffoot足肌（一）Themusclesofthesole足底肌2.intermediategroup中间组Flexordigitorumbrevis趾短屈肌Quadratusplantae足底方肌Lumbricalis蚓状肌Interosseousm.骨间肌FlexordigitorumbrevisLumbricalis四、Themusclesoffoot足肌（一）Themu