高考英语 短文填词(选词填空)真题特色题型分类讲解

2013高考英语真题特色题型详解一短文填词（选词填空）一、(2013上海卷)SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.restoreB.recallC.processingD.previouslyE.necessaryF.locatingG.insteadH.fascinatingI.elsewhereJ.Asinfants,wecanrecognizeourmotherswithinhoursofbirth.Infact,wecanrecognizethe41ofourmother'sfacewellbeforewecanrecognizeherbodyshape.Its42howthebraincancarryoutsuchafunctionatsuchayoungage,especiallysincewedon'tlearntowalkandtalkuntilweareoverayearold.Bythetimeweareadults,wehavetheabilitytodistinguisharound100,000faces.Howcanweremembersomanyfaceswhenmanyofusfinditdifficultto43suchasimplethingasaphonenumber?Theexactprocessisnotyetfullyunderstood,butresearcharoundtheworldhasbeguntodefinethespecificareasofthebrainandprocesses44forfacialrecognition.ResearchersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologybelievethattheyhavesucceededin45aspecificareaofthebraincalledthefusiformfacearea(FFA),whichisusedonlyforfacialrecognition.Thismeansthatrecognitionoffamiliarobjectssuchasourclothesorcars,isfrom46inthebrain.Researchersalsohavefoundthatthebrainneedstoseethewholefaceforrecognitiontotakeplace.Ithadbeen47thoughtthatweonlyneededtoseecertainfacialfeatures.Meanwhile,researchatUniversityCollegeLondonhasfoundthatfacialrecognitionisnotasingleprocess,but48involvesthreesteps.Thefirststepappearstobeananalysisofthephysicalfeaturesofaperson'sface,whichissimilartohowwescanthebarcodesofourgroceries.Inthenextstep,thebraindecideswhetherthefacewearelookingatisalreadyknownorunknowntous.Andfinally,thebrainfurnishestheinformationwehavecollectedaboutthepersonwhosefacewearelookingat.Thiscomplex49isdoneinasplitsecondsothatwecanbehavequicklywhenreactingtocertainsituations.该说明文由话题“人类几乎天生就能够辨认人脸”展开去，详细阐述了人类大脑是如何一步步进行人脸识别的。【答案】【J】composition【解析】名词，意为“结构，组成”，这里表示“认出母亲的脸部构成”。【答案】【H】fascinating【解析】形容词，意为“有趣的，迷人的”，此处为句型“It'sfascinating/interesting/excitingthat/how…”，表示是如此的有趣。【答案】【B】recall【解析】动词，意为“回忆，回想"，此处根据常用搭配finditdifficulttodosth得出应选择动词，recallsuchasimplethingasaphonenumber表示"回想出简单的电话号码”。【答案】【E】necessary【解析】形容词，“必要的”，此处necessaryforfacialrecognition作后置定语修饰thespecificareas，表示“识别人脸必要的区域”。【答案】【F】locate【解析】动词，"定位”。此处有搭配succeedinsth/doingsth，故要选择动名词形式。这里意为“成功定位到一个脑部具体区域FFA”。【答案】【I】elsewhere【解析】副词，“其他地方”。由上文推断出既然人脸识别是一个专门的区域进行处理，那么此处“对其它物体的识别”自然是大脑中“其它地方”了。【答案】【D】previously【解析】副词，“先前的”。根据上文推断得出人脸识别需要看到整张脸，因此此处的想法“我们只需要看一些脸部特征”是“先前的”。【答案】【G】instead【解析】副词，“代替，而不是”。此处根据两句话的意思推断出是转折替代关系，因此选instead。【答案】【C】processing【解析】名词，"处理，进程”。根据语法推断出此处填名词，由上下文意思得出用processing，表示“这一复杂的处理过程在瞬间完成”。、（2013福建卷）第一节短文填词（共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分）Everyindividualisamemberofagroupcalledthecommunity,anditisthedutyofeverycitizenaskwhathecandoforhiscommunity.Agoodcitizen（相信）thatheshouldservethecommunityandnotthecommunityserveh.Asstudents,therearemanywaysinyoucanservethecommunity.Aboveall,however,youhavetoacquireacertainamountofskillandexperiencebyoucanbeofservicetoothers.Yourschoolhaslotsof（活动）whichprepareyougoodcitizenship.Manyschoolsocietiestrainstudentstobecomegoodcitizenswholaterpinvolunteerworkandservethepublicintofneed.Ifyouserveyourcommunity,youwillgrowtobeagoodcitizenwithastrongsenseofresponsibility.文章讲述了关于自愿行动、报答社会的话题。【答案】to【解析】考查句型Itis…七。dosth,it为形式主语，不定式为真正的主语，故填to。【答案】believes【解析】考查主谓一致：主语为agoodcitizen谓语为单数，故填believes。【答案】him【解析】句意：他应该服务社区，不是社区服务于他。用he的人称代词宾格him。【答案】which【解析】考査定语从句。先行词为ways,定语从句关系词可用inwhich。【答案】before【解析】考查连词。在你服务他人之前要学会一些技能和经验。【答案】activities【解析】考查名词复数。【答案】for【解析】考査词组：preparesbforsth【答案】participate【解析】考查短语：participatein【答案】time【解析】考査短语：intimeofneed在需要的时候【答案】up【解析】考査短语：growup三、(2013广东卷)阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为16~25的相应位置上。Oneday,Nickinvitedhisfriendstosupper.Hewascookingsomedeliciousfoodinthekitchen.Suddenly,he16(find)thathehadrunoutofsalt.SoNidalledtohisson,“Gotothevillageandbuysomesalt,butpayafairpriceforit:neithertoomuch17toolittle."Hissonlookedsurprised.“IcanunderstandwhyIshouldn'tpaytoomuch,Father,butifIcanpayless,18notsaveabitofmoney?"“Thatwouldbeavery19(reason)thingtodoinabigcity,butitcoulddestroyasmallvillagelikeours,"Nicksaid.Nick'sguests,20hadheardtheirconversation,askedwhytheyshouldnotbuysaltmorecheaplyiftheycould.Nickreplied,“Theonlyreasonamanwouldsellsalt21_alowerpricewouldbebecausehewasdesperateformoney.Andanyonewhotookadvantageofthatsituationwouldbeshowingalackofrespect22thesweatandstruggleofthemanwhoworkedveryhardtoproduceit."“Butsuchasmallthingcouldn't23（possible）destroyavillage.”“Inthebeginning,therewasonly24verysmallamountofunfairnessintheworld,buteveryoneaddedalittle,always25（think）thatitwasonlysmallandnotveryimportant,andlookwherewehaveendeduptoday.”本文通过Nick叫儿子去买盐要给合理价格的故事说明，一定要公平对待他人，尊重努力工作的人的汗水和努力。16.【答案】found【解析】考查时态语态°"invited"用一般过去时。由Suddenly可知，found与其时间一致，故用found；17.【答案］nor【解析】考查固定搭配，表示"既不也不"，故用"neither・・・nor・・・”。【答案】why【解析】考查句意理解。该句有问号“？”告知是疑问问句，前文中出现why提示表示"为什么"之意，故用why。whynotdosth（为什么不做某事）？是固定句式。【答案】reasonable【解析】考查词性转化。"thing"需一个形容词修饰,very也只能修饰形容词，故用reasonable。【答案】who【解析】考查定语从句关系代词。从句不完整，指代前面"guests"。指人，故用who。【答案】at【解析】考查介词与price搭配构成固定短语，表示"以更低价格"用atalowerprice,故用at。【答案】for【解析】考查动词短语。表示"对某事表示尊重"，用showrespectforsth.。故用for。【答案】possibly【解析】考查词性转化。修饰谓语动词"destroy”作状语，用副词，故用possibly。【答案】a【解析】考查冠词。asmallamountof（少量的）是固定搭配。【答案】thinking【解析】考查非谓语做伴随状语。句中有added做谓语，与此同时做着什么事情,故用thinking现在分词短语作added的伴随状语。四、（2013湖南卷）Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyfillingineachblankwithonewordthatbestfitsthecontext.Whenkidsinpartsoftheworldwanttoplay,theyoftenmakesoccerballsoutoftrashtiedtogetherwithstring.“48theareasusedforplayingfieldsareoftenroughandrocky,millionsofrealballsgoflat（变瘪）4924hours,”saysTimJahnigen,aCaliforniabusinessman.Determinedtosolvethisproblem,50createdanindestructibleballcalledtheOneWorldFutbol.Theballismadeof51specialmaterial,ethylene-vinylacetatefoamIt'slightweight,it'sflexible,and—52important—itholdsitsshape.TheOneWorldFutbolneedsnopump53won'twearout,evenonroughsurfaces.Whentested,54withstood（经受住）beingcrushedbyacar,andeve