高考英语语法填空中对非谓语动词的考查

语法填空中对非谓语动词的考查实例剖析[例1]・・・theproverb,“pluckingupacroip2（help）itgrow”isbasedonthefollowingstory.（2008年广东）思路分析：因句中已有谓语isbased,而“pluckingupacrop32（help）itgrow是”theproverb的同位语，是一个名词短语而非同位语从句，因此，help应是谓语动词；帮助禾苗长”是将禾苗拨起来”的目的，作目的状语，用动词不定式，故填tohelp[例2]Whileshewasgettingme34（settle）intoatinybutcleanroom年广东（2007思路分析：因句中已有谓语wasgetting，所以settle应是非谓语动词；又由o/in/on使某人舒服地处于某处）可知，me与settle是被动关系，要用过去分词用宾补，故填settledo考点突破一、单句填空：用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。(walk)isagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold•全国)Eugene'sneverwillingtoalteranyofhisopinions.It'snouse（上海）Pleaseremain(seat);thewinneroftheprizewillbeannouncedsoon辽宁)—CanIsmokehere?—Sorry.Wedon'tallow(smoke)h江苏0Itisdifficulttoimaginehis(accept)thedecisionwithoutanyconsideration.陕西)Ican'tstand(work)withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses(stop)talkingwhilesheworks•北京)Asaresultoftheseriousflood,two-thirdsofthebuildingsintheareaneed(repair)•(陕西)Susanwantedtobeindependentofherparents.Shetried(live)alone,butshedidn'tlikeitandmovedbackhome湖南)—Robertisindeedawiseman.—Oh,yes・HowoftenIhaveregretted(nottake)hisadvice安徽)Ifyouthinkthattreatingawomanwellmeansalways(get)herpermissionforthings,thinkagain.(湖南)Atthebeginningofclass,thenoiseofdesks(openandclose)couldbeheardoutsidetheclassroom.全国丿—Theyarequiet,aren'tthey?—Yes.Theyareaccustomedto(nottalk)atmeals江苏)Isn'tittimeyougotdownto(mark)thepapers?重庆)Mr.Reedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadto(set)upsomeschoolsforpoorchildren.(上海)Shelooksforwardeveryspringto(walk)intheflower-linedgarden.上海)Havingbeenillinbedfornearlyamonth,hehadahardtime(pass)theexam.（福建）AccordingtoarecentU.S.survey,childrenspendupto25hoursaweek(watch)TV•(上海)Ibelievethat'sthebestwayntospchathingfrom(happen)again.全国)Didyouhavetroublein(find)thepostoffice?(全国)Sandycoulddonothingbut(admit)tohisteacherthathewaswrong上海)21.1smellsomething(burn)inthekitchen.CanIcallyoubackinaminute?全国)Don'tleavethewater(run)whileyoubrushyourtee天津)Itwassocoldthattheykeptthefire(burn)allnight.全(国)Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee(carry)outthenextyear.(全国)TolearnEnglishwell,weshouldfindopportunitiestohearEnglish(speak)asmuchaswecan.江苏)Heisverypopularamonghisstudentsashealwaystriestomakethem(interest)inhislectures.江(苏)Energydrinksarenotallowed(make)inAustraliabutarebroughtinfromNewZealand.(上海)Myadvisorencouragedme(take)asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.(北京)Myparentshavealwaysmademe(feel)goodaboutmyself,evenwhenIwastwelve.(江苏)Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenher(grow)upfromchildhood•全国)Themotherfeltherself(grow)coldandherhandstrembledasshereadtheletterfromthebattlefield.(上海)Pauldoesn'thavetobemade(learn).Healwaysworksh全国.X—Comeon,pleasegivemesomeideasabouttheproject.—Sorry.Withsomuchwork(fill)mymind,Ialmostbreakdown.(福建)Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhiswork(finish),hegladlyacceptedit.(安徽)Withalotofdifficultproblems(set),thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.(上海)Thedirectorhadherassistant(pick)upsomehotdogsforthemeeting全国)—DidPeterfixthecomputerhimself?—Hehadit(fix),becausehedoesn'tknowmuchabout安徽fcputers・(JennyhopesthatMr.SmithwillsuggestagoodwaytohaveherwrittenEnglish(improve)inashortperiod.(福建)Helenhadtoshouttomakeherself(hear)abovethesoundofthemusic.西)Peterreceivedaletterjustnow(say)hisgrandmawouldcometoseehimsoon.(四川)Asthelightturnedgreen,Istoodforamoment,not(move),andaskedmyselfwhatIwasgoingtodo.(湖南)（walk）inthefieldsonaMarchafternoon,hecouldfeelthewarmthofspring.（安徽）（wait）inthequeueforhalfanhour,theoldmansuddenlyrealizedhehadleftthechequeinthecar•福建）（blame）forthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork,Alicewasinlowspirits.（福建）Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonly（tell）thatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.（陕西）Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,（make）itthemostpopularsportintheworld.（全国）Youweresillynot（lock）yourcar.湖（南）Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogood（breathe）.（宁夏）（complete）theprojectasplanned,we'llhavetoworktwomorehouday.（湖南）When（ask）whyhewentthere,hesaidhewassenttheretobetrainedforaspaceflight.（江西）Theflowershisfriendgavehimwilldieuniess（water）everyday•四川）When（compare）differentcultures,weoftenpayattentiononlytothedifferenceswithoutnoticingthemanysimilarities.（浙江）—Thelastone（arrive）paysthemeal.—Agree!（全国）Thetrees（blow）inthestormhavebeenmovedofftheroac湖南）Canthose（seat）atthebackoftheclassroomhearmeS建）ReadingisanexperiencequitedifferentfromwatchingTV;therearepictures（form）inyourmindinsteadofbeforeyoureyes.（广西）—It'salongtimesinceIsawmysist全！国）—Whynot（visit）herthisweekend?（search）thewebsiteoftheFireDepartmentinyourcity,andyouwilllearnalotaboutfirefighting.（湖南）Thechildrenwenthomefromthegrammarschool,theirlessons（finish）fortheday.（重庆）（give）thegeneralstateofhealth,itmaytakehimawhiletorecoverfromtheoperation.（北京）二、语篇填空用所给动词的适当形式填空。Freudwasoneofthefirstscientists[1]（make）seriousresearchofthemind.Themindisthecollectionofactivities[2]（base）inthebrainthatinvolvehowweact,think,feelandreason.Heusedlongtalkswithpatientsandthestudyofdreams[3]（_search）forthecausesofmentalandemotionalproblems.Healsotriedhypnosis.Hewantedtoseeif[4](put)patientsintoasleep-likeconditionwouldhelpease[5](_trouble)minds.Inmostcaseshefoundtheeffectsonlytemporary.Freudworkedhard,althoughwhathedidmightsoundeasy.Hismethodinvolved[6](sit)withhispatientsand[7](listen)tothemtalk.Hehadthem[8](talk)aboutwhatevertheywerethinking.Allideas,thoughtsandanythingthatenteredtheirmindhadto[9](_express).Therecouldbeno[10](_hold)backbecauseoffearorguilt.语法填空中对时态语态的考查实例剖析例1:Thisproverbissayingwehavetoletthingsgointheirnaturalcourse.Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelopoften40(result)inthecontrarytoourintention.(2008广东)分析：因句中Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelop是动名词短语作主语，括号中的result应当为谓语动词；主语与谓语动词是主动关系，再说短语动词resultin本身是不能用于被动语态的，故用主动语态；根据语境，这段话是拔苗助长这个成语故事所说明的道理，我们必须让事物沿着它们的自然进程发展。太着急帮助一件事物发展，结果往往和我们的意图相反(欲速则不达)。”这是客观真理，应当用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，故填results例2：Thepoliceman'attentionwassuddenlycaughtbyasmallboxwhich(place)undertheMinister's(广东东2005分析：替代thebox的关系代词which在定语从句中作主语，place应当为谓语动词；因主语which(thebox)与place(放置)是被动关系，故用被动语态；又因place这个动作发生在wascaught这个动作之前，即过去的过去”用过去完成时的被动语态，故填hadbeenplaced考点突破一、单句填空：用所给动词的适当形式填空。Thehousebelongstomyauntbutshe(notlive)hereanymore.全国I)Thismachine(notwork).Ithasn'twork浙d江ryears・(Iftheirmarketingplanssucceed,they(increase)theirsalesby20percent全国U)Populationexpertspredictthatmostpeople(live)incitiesinthenearfuture.(上海春)He(play)footballregularlyformanyyearswhenhewasyoung.天津)——HaveyouknownDr.Jacksonforalongtime?—Yes,sinceshetheChineseSociety宁夏)Teenagers(damage)theirhealthbecausetheyplaycomputergamestoomuch・(重庆)IcalledHnnahmanytimesyesterdayevening,butIcouldn'gtetthrough.Herbrother(talk)onthephoneallthetime!湖南)Johnpromisedhisdoctorhe(notsmoke),andhehassmokedeversince.(北京)Bythistimetomorrow,I(lie)onthebeachSofarthisyearwe(see)afallinhousepricesbybetween5and10percent.(福建)Thehotelwasn'tparticularlygood.ButI(stay)inmanyworsehotfels.(Wefirstmetonatrainin2000.Webothfeltimmediatelythatwe(know)eachotherforyears•辽宁)——I'msureAndrewwillwinthefirstprizeinthefinal.—Ithinkso.He(prepare)foritformonths江苏)Thetelephone(ring),butbythetimeIgotindoors,itstopped网川)—Didyougototheshowlastnight?—Yeah.Everyboyandgirlinthearea(invite)•陕西)—What'sthatnoise?—Oh,Iforgottotellyou.Thenewmachine(test).浙(江)IliketheseEnglishsongsandthey(teach)manytimesontheradio安徽)Nodecision(make)aboutanyfutureappointmentuntilallthecandidateshavebeeninterviewed•北京)—Doyouhaveanyproblemsifyou(offer)thisjob?—Well,I'mthinkingaboutthesalary湖南)….(二、语篇填空阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为3140的相应位置上。(以动词时态为主)(1)ItwasgettingdarkwhenIgothome.ItwascoldandI[1](wear)acoat.Iwalkeduptothedoorandputmyhandintomypocket[2](take)outmykey[3]Icouldn'tfindit.IsuddenlyrememberedthadtIleft[4]onmydeskintheoffice.Itreallydidn'tmake[5]difference.Iknewmywifewansdathheomechildrenmusthavecomebackfromschool[6]now,soIknockedatthedoor.Therewasnoanswer,soIknockedagain.I[7](continue)knockingatthedoorforsometime.Iwasgettingangry.ThenIrememberedsomethingtheofficeboyhadtoldmeatnoonHesaidthatmywife[8](phone)sayingthatshe[9](go)shoppingintheafternoonwiththechildren.Therewasonlyonethingformetodo:Ihadtoclimein[10]awindow.(2)Whenhewasalittleboy,ChristopherCockerelloncewatchedhismother[I](turn)thewheelofhersewing-machinewithherhand.“Wouldn'titwork[2](quick)ifamachineturnedthewheelforyou?“Isupposeitwould,h”ismsaoitdher,without[3]_(pay)himanyattention.Christopher[4](know)shealwayshadalotofwork,andhewanted[5](help)her.Upinhisbedroomtherewasatoysteam-enginewhichhisfatherhadbought[6]asagift.“I[7](make)betteruseofit,”littleChristophersaidtohimself.So,whenhismother[8](notuse)hersewing-machine,hefixedthetoysteam-engineontoit.Whenthejob[9](finish),hewasquitepleased,[10]__(think)hismother[II](like)it.“Veryclever,”mohtihsersaid,whenshesawit.Thenshesatdownandwenton[12](turn)thewheelbyhand.“I[13](work)likethisfortoomanyyearssheexplained.ThistaughtChristopherCockerellthelessonthatanyonewhotries[14](improve)anything[15](have)tolearn:Manypeopledon'tlikenewideas.语法填空中对连词的考查[例1]0neday,hecameupwithanidea35hewouldpluckupallofhiscropafewinches・Hedidsothnextday.(2008年广东)思路分析：因hecame…和hewouldpluck是两个主谓关系，即两个句子，他们之间没有句号或分号，空格处必定是填连词；又因为他想把禾苗拔几寸”就是主意(idea)的具体内容，可见后句是同位语从句；由于该从句不缺任何句子成分，并且意义已非常完整了，故填that。[例2]Hewasverytiredafterdoingthisforawholeday,37hefeltveryhappysincethecropdid“grow”higher•广东8—思路分析：因和hewas…和hefelt是两个主谓关系，即两个句子，他们之间是逗号，而不是句号或分号，空格处必定是填连词；又因很累”与高兴”之间是转折关系，故填并例连词but。[例3]Irealizedthatthevillagerswhohadgatheredaroundmewerearguingasto__32__shouldhavethehonourofreceivingmeasaguestintheirhouse.(200广东)思路分析：因to是介词，介词后一定是接宾语；又因shouldhave…可知是一个从句来作to的宾语,即宾语从句；由句式结构可知，空格处一定是填作主语的连接代词，能有幸接待我”的应是人，故填whoo[例4]・・・theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycartopullittoasmalltownsome20kilometresaway_36therewasagarage・(200广东)思路分析：因前后两个句子之间没有分号或句号，也缺少连词，一定是填连词；由句子之间的关系和句意可知，在大约20公里远的那个小镇上有修理厂，由此判断后一句是定语从句，asmalltown是先行词，且在从句中作状语，故填关系副词whereo一、单句填空：用适当的连词填空。并列句1thoughtyou'dbelatefortheconcert,weendedngptlgerteaheadoftime・》湖南)Standoverthereyou'llbeabletoseetheoilpaintin全Heitor.(Hefounditincreasinglydifficulttoread,hiseyesightwasbeginningtofail•山东)Theartistwasbornpoor,poorheremainedallhislife.1重庆)Insomeplaceswomenareexpectedtoearnmoneymenworkathomeandraisetheirchildren.(四川)Youhavefailedtwotests.You'dbetekistarH]arder,youwon'tpassthecourse•北京)Realityisnotthewayyouwishthingstobe,northewaytheyappeartobe,thewaytheyactuallyare•湖南)Betweenthetwogenerations,itisoftennottheirage,theireducationthatcausesmisunderstanding•全国I）Hewasabouthalfwaythroughhismealafamiliarvoicecametohisears•辽宁）IgrewupinAfricaatleastIshouldsaythatIspentmuchofthefirsttenyearsofmylifethere・（辽宁）名词性从句II・Thecompaniesareworkingtogethertocreatetheyhopewillbethebestmeansoftransportinthe21stcentury.（北京）12・wasmostimportanttoher,shetoldme,washerfamily山东）Somechildrenwanttochallengethemselvesbylearningalanguagedifferentfromtheirparentsspeakathome•浙江）TomorrowisTom'sbirthday.Haveyougotanyideathepartyistobeheld?（西）Thenewsourathleteswonanothergoldmedalwasreportedinyesterday'snewspaper.（上海）ThelasttimewehadgreatfunwaswewerevisitingtheWaterPark天津）wantstostayinahotelhastopaytheirownway浙江）Havingcheckedthedoorswereclosed,andallthelightswereoff,theboyopenedthedoortohisbedroom.湖（南）Theseasideheredrawsalotoftouristseverysummer.Warmsunshineandsoftsandsmakeitis.（天津）Whynottryyourlickdowntown.Bob?That'stheb浙江obsare.（定语从句TheScienceMuseum,wevisitedduringarecenttriptoBritain,isoneofLondon'soutristattractions.（江苏）Chan'srestaurantonBakerStreet,usedtobepoorlyrun,isnowasuccessfulbusiness•浙江）Alltheneighborsadmirethisfamily,theparentsaretreatingtheirchildlikeafriend.（安徽）Thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors,mostofarebeyondourcontrol.（湖南）Themanpulledoutagoldwatch,thehandsofweremadeofsmalldiamonds.（陕西）Theroadconditionsthereturnedouttobeverygood,wasmorethanwecouldexpect•全国U）Weshouldn'tspendourmoneytestingsomanypeople,mostofareheaitthy.（京）OccasionsarequiterareIhavethetimetospendadaywithanykidsll东）TheywillflytoWashington,theyplantostayfortwoorthreedays.重（庆）Laterinthischaptercaseswillbeintroducedtoreadersconsumercomplaintshaveresultedinchangesinthelaw•江西）Thevillagehasdevelopedalotwelearnedfarmingtwoyearsage福（建）Aftergraduationshereachedapointinhercareershehadtodecidewhattodo.（江西）Thosesuccessfuldeafdancersthinkthatdancingisanactivitysightmattersmorethanhearing.（天津）Lastweek,onlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse,neitherofwantedtobuyit.（安徽）Itisreportedthattwoschools,bothofarebeingbuiltinmyhometown,willopennextyear.（四川）状语从句NancyenjoyedherselfsomuchshevisitedherfriendsinSydneylastyea福建）I'msorryyou'vebeenwaitingsolong,butit'llstillbesometimeback.（北京）ThefieldresearchwilltakeJoanandPaulaboutfivemonths;itwillbealongtimewemeetthemagain.（安徽）—DidyoureturnFred'scall?—Ididn'tneedtoI'IIseehim1北mo）row.（—Whydidn'tyoutellhimaboutthemeeting?—HerushedoutoftheroomIcouldsayaword•四川）“Youcan'htavethisfootbaIIbackyoupromisenottokickitatmycatagain,”heoldmansaidfirm广东）You'dbetternotleavethemedicinekidscangeta山东（）Intimeofserio