《英语教学法教程》(王蔷)考研复习资料-名词解释

ELT:offoreignlanguageisenabletheforeignlanguageinworkorwhenofthelanguagewillused(ratherallaofclassroomworkwhichincomprehending,manipulating,producingorthetargetlanguagewhileattentioninprincipallyonmeaningratherthan(Nunan1989:8)Aaofalessonmakeadvancedecisionhopeandhowliketoachieveit.Inwords,teachersneedaboutaimstoachieved,tobeorganized,andtechniquesusedinordertolassroomwayteachersgoesoninclassroom.Itcontributesdirectlytotheoflearningasthecanuselessiftheteachernotorganizeefficiently.theofclassroomcreateantoinEnglishinmeaningfulmethodonandFirst,theTanonboardoranintextbook.Second,Ttheandofcertainexplanationsaroftendoneinthe’snativelanguageandusegrammaticalterms.Sometimes,nativetargetlanguagebetweenthenewlystructureandpreviouslystructures.theSspracticethetoproducesentenceswithgivenInductive:theTprovideswithauthenticdatainducesthegrammarwithoutanyformsofexplicitexplanation.Language:Languageasystemofarbitrarysymbolsusedforcommunication.Itcanbeunderstoodinthefollowingsixsymbolic;arbitrary;human;modelteachreadingnewvocabularyandfirstandgoingsentencebywayofteachingreflectsbeliefthatismastery练ofnewwords,welllotofAlso,readingfollowsaprocessfromtheofletters,words,phrases,sentences,toparagraphs,thentothetext.wayreadingissaidtoa2).Top-downItthatinteachingreading,teachershouldteachthebackgroundfirstsoequippedwithknowledgewillbeabletomeaningfromprintedpage.Thisprocessofreadingistothetop-downofteachingreadingasGoodman(1970)readingwas“apsycholinguisticguessinggame”Theviewseesaslinguisticsystemvariousfromlexical,sentences.Thelanguagealinguisticsystemalsoameansfordoingthings.Mostofourusefunctionaloffering,advising,TheviewoflanguageThefunctionalviewofviewlanguagefortheexpressionfunctionalThesemanticoflanguagemorethanthegrammaticalalthoughtheseareincluded.view:Theinteractionalviewlanguagetool,whoseuseisandmaintainsocialtheory(Skinnestimulus-responsetheorypsychologykeypointtheoryof"youcanananimaltodo(withinreason)iffollowcertainprocedurethreestimulus,reinforcement"theory(NoamTheislooselyareaskedthanrepeat.goalThegoalofisdevelopcommunicativecompetenceLessonplanningmeansmakingdecisionsinandmaterialswillbeinTeachingstagesthethatlanguageteachersgothroughinclassroom.Procedurestheineachstage.31.:andmeansgetthegist,i.e.ideaScanningspecificinformation.1).DiscussionAdiscussionisoftenusedforsortofdiscussioncanstartwithaquestionlike"Whatdoyouthinkof?"b)statingofpersonalongeneralc)problem-solving.d)ranking(分类；序alternativesdecidingpriorities(先前).2).verycommonlanguageactivityplaydifferentinteracttheofoftherolestheyplay.What’scalledAprocessapproachtowriting1).WhatdifferencetheteachertothestudentstheundergoareWhat’stheassessmentinmeansdiscoverwhatthelearnersdoatcertainstageofthelearninga.GrammarTheTranslationmethodstartedaroundtimeofErasmus(1466-1536).Itsprimaryofgrammarrules,ofknowledgedirectedontranslationofliteraryofappreciationoftargetliteratureaswellastheActivitiesutilizedtoday'sclassroomsreadingliteraryfromlanguagetoanother;rules;memorizingnative-languageequivalentsoftargetvocabulary.(HighlyclassworkwiththecontrollingallTheDirectMethodwasintroducedbytheViëtorintheFocusingonitrequiresallinthewithnoandwritingfromthespeakinglisteningareisinductively.Itafour-skillemphasis.TheSilentWay:TheinsettingupwhilethestudentsmostoftalkinginteractionamongAllfourskills(listening,speaking,&writing)aretaughtfromtheerrorsanormalpartoflearning;theteacher'ssilencehelpstofosterself-reliancestudentinitiative.LanguageLearning:Teachersrecognizethatcanbethreateningandacceptinghelpfeelsecureoflanguage--ultimatelystudentswithdirectedatwantlearnintheandsyllabusise.Approach:byandDr.L.SauveurNaturalApproachistheDirectconcentratingactivetoandphraseswithandAssociationsachievedviamime,manipulatives.Terrell(1977)onprinciplesofmeaningfulcommunication,beforeproduction,andKrashen'sinputhypothesisinthee.ThemethodwasprominentthefollowingtheCommitteeofin1900andfollowingtheForeignLanguageStudyinThemethodwassimilartothetraditionalGrammar/TranslationmethodthetransferenceoflinguistictoEnglish.readingonsilentreadingforpurposes.Thisonthethatlearningistheofoflearnerrepeatsandphrasesinthelanguagelaboratoryuntilreproducespontaneously.ASTP(ArmyTrainingProgram)antolanguageusedinthe1940's.Inthepostwaryears,thecivilianversionofASTPthemethodfeaturedofdialogues,patterndrills,andemphasisonpronunciation.Methods:CognitiveoflanguagebasedonmeaningfulofstructuresCommunicativeThegoaloflanguageacontextforlanguageintheclassroom.languageusagetheabilitylearnerstotheirownideas,feelings,attitudes,needs.OpenquestioningactivitiesofasthemeansofStudentsusuallywithauthenticrealia)insmallonduringwhichtheyreceiveinnegotiatingmeaning.i.TotalResponseThistosecondteachingonthebelieffullyanyactiveoralparticipationexpected(justitiswithchildrenarelearningtheirnativelanguage).Grammar-TranslationTheGrammar-Translationaroundgrammaticalstructures.henlikeGrammar-TranslationMethod,whichstructures,itageneralpartthelanguagethefunctionslanguageinvolvedintherealnormallifeareimportant.Forthelearnhowgivedirections,buyandsoItthatnotjustimportanttoknowtheformsofthelanguage,itisimportanttothesituations,thatthelearnercouldpracticecommunication.CommunicativeCompetenceothaboutlanguageandtheknowledgethelanguageinappropriately.ritical关键假Thisifhumansdonotaforeignlanguagebeforecertainageduechangesof,itbecomesimpossiblelearnlikeanativespeaker.theories强调过程arewiththemindorganizesnewsuchasformation,inference,hypothesisgeneralization.2.Condition-oriented:强条件emphasizethenatureofthehumanandcontextin