2020中考英语专题讲练定语从句

中考英语专题讲练：定语从句解版定语从知精一定在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句叫定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词常位于定语从句之前。引导定语从句的有关系代词who,whom,that等关系副词where,when,why等关系代词和关系词，既起到连接作用，又在定语从句中担任句子成份。总结定语从句的一般结构为：先行+关词+定从句。一、关系代词关代词指代先行词，在从句中作主语，宾语或表语，基本用法如下表：关

作

先词

例词Thisisboywhome.这是帮我的那个男孩。I(who/Igot

主语/宾语

人

ain昨天在购物中心巧遇到了那位我在一次聚会上认识的教授。Thewhomwaitingforhome.whom

宾语

人你等那个人已经回家了。

主语/宾语

人或物

Thisispenwriteswell.这那支很好写的笔。

Thisispenyouwant.这是你想要的钢笔。ThetallestplayerthatfootballforourteamisfromFujian.在为我们队踢足球的最高哪个运动来自福建。Theroominwhichthereaworkshop.有个机器的房间是车间。which

主语/宾语

物Thewhichinfrontofmyisvery从我家前面流过的河流非常清澈。

定语

人或物

Theroommine.蓝色房门的那个房间是我的房间。注意：一般情况下既以人又可指物，可以代替whom和which在句子中充当主语，宾语或表语指，在从句中也做主语，宾语或表语，所以which和在指物时，大多时候可以互换，如：ThisisthatIwhichIlike这就是我最喜欢的电影。关代词的省略一般情况下关系代词作宾语时以省略若关系代词在从句中作介词宾语且介词在关系代词前，不能省略，如：I’llneverthatwespenttogether.我永远都不会忘记与你共度的时光略）Illforgetthedaywhichmet我永远不会忘记我们初次见面那一天可省）二、关系副词

关

作词状语

先时间

例词I'llforgetthewhenIyouforfirst我永远不会忘记初次见你的那一天。

状语

地点

Thisisplacewherewehavelivedfor5这就是我们住了五年的地方。

状语

原因

Idon’tknowreasonwhyhe注：关系代词不同关副词在从句中作状语语并不是句子必须成分所以即使没有关系副词从句的内容也整这关系副词与关系代词最大的不同是们选题的关键。同时，关系副词大多可以拆分成介+which的式，如：ThisiswhereLuxunoncewhichLuxunoncelived.这是鲁迅曾经住过的房子。三剖一重点定语从句考查形式比较单一单一般考关系词的选择按上表我们很容易根据先行词判断出关系词选谁最合适中系统讲解定语从句以我们在初中阶段还要了解从句中的各个成分，为之后的学习做好准备。二易点前文我们提到若先行词为物，关系词可以用that或which，而且大多数可互换。但以下几种情况，必须用that引定语从：先词是不定代词few,little,much,something,anything等，如：AllhavetoEnglish.我们要做的事情就是去练习英语。先词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，如：

ThefirstIgotfromhimwillbekept.我收到他的第一封信将会被保存起来。先词被all,each,few,little,no,等饰，如：I'veallthatme.我把你给我的所有事物都吃光了。先词被theonly,thevery,thesame,饰时，如：HeonlypersonthatItalkwith.他是我唯一想与之交谈的人。先词既有人又有物时，如aboutpersonsandmet.他们谈论了他们见到的人和事。题精题一关代例1.1.1---Whatshallwedonext?---Taketheadvice_________isgivenbyDr.A．who

B．which

C．whose

．whom例1.1.2ThePalaceMuseumisplace_________’evervisited.A．who

B．when

C．that

．where例1.1.3完句子1.你什么要对自己说的吗？Doyouhave__________________youwanttosayforyourself?2.这我父亲曾经住过的房子。Thisisahousein_________myfatheronce题二关副

例1.2.1Thisistheprimaryschool_________Istudiedthreeyearsago.A．where

B．when

C．that

．which例1.2.2Doyourememberthedays_________wespentSanya?A．when

B．that

C．what

．where例1.2.3完句子你知道他缺席的原因吗？Doyouknowthereason_________heisabsent?随练随1.1Thesecondbook_________IwanttoreadisBusiness@SpeedofThought.A．which

B．what

C．that

．as随1.2Thebook_________issoldoutatthemoment.A．youneedB．whatyouneedC．whichyouneed．thatyouneed随1.3完句子1.人都喜欢那些有礼貌的人。Peoplealllikethose_________havemanners.2.这我障碍寻找的那本书。Thisisthebook_________’lookingfor.3.这我看过的最有趣的电影。Thisis__________________interesting__________________’seen.4.我记得第一次来北京的那一天。Istillremembertheday_________IfirstcametoBeijing.5.你告诉我他上班的办公室吗？Canyoutellmetheoffice_________heworks?随1.4I'llneverforgetthedays_________stayedwithA．whenC．that

B．inwhich．forwhich

随1.5Istheplace_________Lincolnoncelived.A．that

B．which

C．where

．when作---Doyouknowtheman_________istalkingwithyourfather?---Yes,’ourheadmaster.A．he

B．who

C．which

．whom作Istheriver_________Icanswim?A．whichC．that

B．inwhich．the作Thisisthehotelinthecity_________Iknow.A．where

B．which

C．that

．it作Hersister,_________youmetatmyhome,wasateacherofEnglish.A．whom

B．that

C．which

．whois作Thesebooksarestudents_________motherlanguageisnotEnglish.A．ofwhomC．which

B．that．whose作完句子1.有些想去海南度假的人。Therearesome_________wanttohaveaholidayinHainan.2.刚天空中一闪而过的是什么？What’that_________intheskyjustnow.3.这去武汉的最后一趟火车。Thetrainis___________________________willgotoWuhan.4.我远都不会忘记我在北京度过的那些日子。I’neverforgetthedays_________spentin5.中是风筝的故乡，从这里放风筝传到了日本、朝鲜、泰国和印度。Chinaisthebirthplacekites,from_________flyingspreadstoJapan,Korea,

ThailandandIndia.答案解定语从题精题一关代例1.1.1【答案】【解析】考定语从句关系代选择。先行词为，排除；又从句缺主语而不是定语，故选B。例1.1.2【答案】【解析】考定语从句关系代选择先根据从句缺少宾语所以要选择关系代词作宾语，又先行词被best修，故选。例1.1.3【答案】1.something;that【解析】

考定语从句先词和关系词。这里对自己说话的内容不确定，所以要用做行词，那么关系词一定要用。考关系代词选词用或that在介词后用。题二关副例1.2.1

【答案】【解析】考关系副词的选择从句是完整的句子，选关系副词，排除；先行词为school为地点，故选A。例1.2.2【答案】【解析】考关系副词和关系词区分。虽然先行词为时间，但并不一定选，我们看到从句中缺少spent的宾语，故选B例1.2.3【答案】why【解析】考关系副词的选择从句句子完整，要填关系副词，又先行词reason所以填why。随练随1.1【答案】【解析】考查关系代词的选择先行词被数词修饰时要用that引导定语从句，故选。随1.2【答案】【解析】考定语从句的运用定语从句关系词中没有，先排除CD中的多余，故选A。随1.3【答案】1.whothat/whichthemost;thatwhen【解析】考查关系代词。从句缺少主语，再结合语境，此处指那些人，所以填

who。考关系代词。句缺少宾语，需要关系代词；又先行词为，以填和都可以。考关系代词。高级修饰只能用that。考关系副词。句成分完整，填关系副词，先行词为表间，故填。考关系副词。句中动词为work，不物动词，所以不缺宾语，用关系副词；又先行词为office，地点，故填where。随1.4【答案】【解析】考查关系副词的选择本题从句完整，要选关系副词；先行词指时间，故A。随1.5【答案】【解析】考关系副词的选择live一为不及物动词，不能直接跟宾语，所以要选关系副词，排除AB；又本题行词为地点，故选。课作作【答案】【解析】考关系代词的选择从句缺主语，选关系代词；又先行词是人，故选B。作【答案】【解析】考查关系代词的选择从句为完整句子，要选关系副词，选项中没有关系副词，B选表示“在河里”能够表达相同的意思，故选B。作【答案】【解析】考关系代词的选择从句缺少宾语，选关系代词，排除；又先行词被最高级best修，故选。作

【答案】【解析】考关系代词的选择句先行词为人在从句中作宾语whom故选。作【答案】【解析】考查系代词的选择导的定语从句中用定语…符合题意，故选。作【答案】1.whothelastonethatthat【解析】1.考查关系代词。从句缺主语，选关系代；又先行词是人，所以用ho。考关系代词句缺少主语行词为物和都以又先行词为that，避免重复造成歧义，所以填which考关系代词。行词中包含las的，只能用that。考关系代词和系副词的区分句spent明显缺少宾语所以尽管先行词是时间做事物看待，故填that。考关系代词。词后只能用来指代行词。一英阅理专练试1．阅读理解My10-year-oldDonnasaid,“Mom,Ihadnewfriendschooltoday.Cansheovertomorrow?wasashyandIwantedtomakefriendstobringoutofhershell.“Sure,honey,thatsoundsgreat,”Isaid,thinkingbacktobestfriend,Lillian.WelivedacrossthestreetfromeachotherinWashingtonHeights,NewYork.Wemetattheageof

10,too.Likemydaughter,Iwasshy,butLilliandrewout.Shewasthefriendliestpeopleinschool,withshinyblackhairandamile-widesmile.Inseniorhighschool,LillianonatriptoFlorida.Thiswasfirsttimewetobeawayfromotherforafewbebacksoon,”shetoldme.Butthreelater,Lillian'ssistertoldthatfallenriverandhadn'tcomeoutmore.Soon,myfamilymovedJersey.WheneverIthoughtofher,tearscameintoeyes.ThenextdayDonnabroughthernewfriendhome.“Hi,Mrs.Loggia,girlsaid.Herhairwassoshinyandblackshotbigsmile.“MynameisLaura.Mydaughter'snewfriendwassomuchLillian.Iwasstillpuzzled迷whenLaura'smomtopickheruplaterthatafternoon.Iopenedthedoortolether“Judy!shecried.“It'sme,Lillian'ssister,fromWashingtonHeights.”Yes,mydaughter'sfriendlookedfamiliar.ShewasLillian'sniece.（）underlinedinthefirstparagraphbringofshell”mean.A.helplessshytotohelpherlivehappilyhelpoutofhouse（）lookedfamiliarthewriterbecauseshe.A.wasLillian'snieceB.wasasoldherdaughterfromWashingtonHeightsD.hadshinyblackandabigsmile,too（）thewriterbestfriend?Because.A.JerseyB.theydifferentfromeachotherherbestfriendtravelledFloridaherbestfriendlostherlifeontrip（knewwewouldbefriendsforever.”isfromthepassageandshouldputattheendof.A.Paragraph2Paragraph3Paragraph4D.Paragraph5（）can推fromthepassagethat.A.thewriterisoutgoingnowB.LaurahelpsalotLauraandareofthesameageJudymovedtoNewJerseybecauseofLillian'sdeath【答案）A（）（）（）（）【解析析大意：本文主要讲的是女儿Donna邀朋友来家里做客的事情让妈

妈想起了自己小时候的朋友的故事。（）断题。据句子Donnawasashy可，作者想让唐娜通过结交朋友而变得活泼开朗。故选。（）节题。据Yes,mydaughter'sfriendlookedfamiliar.ShewasLillian's可，劳拉看起来很眼熟是因为她是作者朋友的侄女。故选A。（细理解题句子Lillian'ssistermethatfallenriverandhadn'tcomeout可，作者的好朋友在去旅游的时候，掉进河里失去了生命。故选D。（）理断。根据第二段内容可知，本段主要介绍了作者童年朋友Lillian，可知此处放knewbestfriends我会是永远的朋友结尾非常合适。故选A。（推断题据daughter,Iwasshy,butLilliandrewme可者过去很害羞，现在很外向。故选。【点评】考查阅读理解文涉及细节题、推断题两种常考题型节要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。2．阅读下列短文，从下面每题的、、、四个选项中选出最佳答案。happenedmanyyearsbutIstillrememberclearly.ThatdayIwasinvitedworkasacontestjudge评委atacollege.ofstudentsgivenapiecepapertopiconfirstspeaklookedaunhappy.fellowstudentsandrespectedjudges,hesaidloudly,“thisisunfair不公平的contest!“Ihavegiventhispaper,continued,“toonatopicwithjustafewminutes’preparationwhilethosecomingafterhavetimetoworkontheirspeeches!”Heleftthestageoutthehall.Imethimlaterchance.sayslifeisfair?”Ihimasmile,andIhimtowalkwithmetomycar.“Haveyouseenthenumberstheyshowanewcarbeingintroducedintothemarket,sayinghoweconomic经济的)is?“Yes,”henoddedtheyalineafterthesenumbers.Theysaythenumbersareideal(理想的conditions!”“Yes,saidagain.showmesomeidealconditions?Iaskedandhesmiled.“Thecarthatsellswellthethatwillprovidepowerandspeedonworstroads.Thatthewinner!”Wehadreachedcar.“Don’tlookforidealcontestconditions,Isaid.“Fightunfairoutwinner!IlookedbackasIdrovesmileandwaveto（）thestudentsaycontestwasunfair?

A.Becauseonlyajudgeforit.B.othercontestantshadmoretimetoprepareforit.Becauseothercontestants’topicseasier.hedidn’tthe（）kindofcaristhewinner?A.Thecarhasandspeedonworstroads.B.carthatisexpensive.Thecarthatischeap.Thecarhasidealroadconditions.（）doyouthinkofwriter?A.Strict.B.Clever.C.Helpful.D.Popular.（）thestudentdonext?A.thewritermorequestions.Continuecomplainabouttheunfairthings.Takepartinanothercontest.Fightunfairfromnow【答案】（）（）（）（）【解析析短文大意：作者担任评委时遇到了一位选手，他因为质疑比赛条件的公平性而退出比赛在二次遇到时者给他讲了关于车在恶劣环境中赢得冠军的事实此告诉他只有直面不公平，赢得胜利，才是真正的冠军。（）节理解。从“thisisanunfair不平contest!“Ihavegiventhispaper,continued,“toatopicwithjustafewminutes’whilethoseafterhavemoretimetoworkonspeeches!可他说不平是因为后面的人比他有更多的时间去准备演讲，故选。（细理解题从“carthatsellswellistheonethatwillprovidespeedontheworstroads.Thatcariswinner!可选A。（）节断。作者在偶然遇到生气离开的参赛者后，为了告诉他生活中没有对的公平要着与不公平作斗争并成为胜者的道理是带着他讨论车的问题从中可以看出作者是个热心的人，故选C。

（细节理解Fighttheandcomeoutawinner!”Ilookedassawsmileandwaveto可知这个男孩听进去了作者的话，以后会与不公平作斗争，故选。【点评考查对篇章的把握和对节的识别能力题时注意紧扣问题中的关键词在文章中寻找答案。3．阅读理解ChineseFarmers'Harvest(收，收割FestivalisfirstfestivalinChinaforfarmers.Thefestivalstartingfrom2018,fallsontheAutumnalEquinox秋)eachyear.TheAutumnalEquinoxisonethesolarterms(节气oftheChineselunarcalendarandusuallyfallsbetweenSeptember22nd24th,duringthecountry'sharvestseason.Asknow,Chinahasthelargestpopulationalltheworld.wasdifficulttofeedlargestpopulationinthepast.Afterreformandopening(改革开)withdevelopmentmodernagriculture(农),people'slifeisgettingbetterandbetter,andtheirlivingconditionshaveimprovedalot.ChineseFarmers'HarvestFestivalshowsthatourgovernmentpayingmoreattentiontoagricultureandfarmers'willgreatlyencouragefarmerstofarmanddevelopfurthermodemagriculture.Chinahasalonghistoryofagriculture.ChineseFarmers'HarvestFestival,theculturalsymbol,helpstoshowChina'slongfarmingculturetotheworld.ItalsoconnectstheexcellenttraditionalChineseculturemodemcivilization明andimprovestheculturalself-confidencenationalpride.Sincefestivalisespeciallycreatedforfarmers,areencouragedtotheirownwaystocelebrateharvest.activitiesareheldacrossthecountry,butmostofthecelebrationswilltakeplaceatalocallevelthatcomesfromlocalcustoms.Also,localgovernmentusuallyhostskindsactivitiesforfestival,suchasfolkcultureperformances,tastingandsoon.Somepeoplethinkthefestivalthehappiesttimeofayear,evenbetterthantheSpringFestival,becausefoodgivespeoplesensesafetyandhope.Forotherpeople,theharvestfestivalistimetolookbackatthepastlookforwardtofuture.（）probablycelebratetheChineseFarmers'HarvestFestival______________.

A.SeptemberSeptemberSeptember25thD.October1st（）mainpurposesthatChineseFarmers'HarvestFestivalwascreateddon'tinclude_______.A.showinglonghistoryoffarmingcultureofChinaB.improvingChineseculturalself-confidenceandnationalprideencouragingChinesefarmersgiveuplocalcustomsconnectingthetraditionalChineseculturemodemcivilization（）canlearnfromthethirdparagraphthat______________________.A.thecelebrationsbedifferentlylocalcustomsB.countriescelebrateFanners'HarvestFestivaltheFarmers'HarvestFestivalistheChinesetraditionalfestivalsTheFarmers'HarvestFestivaliscreatedforbothfarmersand（）offollowingaccordingthepassage?A.TheFarmers'HarvestFestivalondifferentdaysindifferentareasChina.B.Farmers'HarvestFestivalisbesttimetoharvest庄稼inworld.TheFarmers'HarvestFestivalhasbeencelebratedtwiceinourcountrysofar.China'smodemagriculturegreatlydevelopedbecauseofandopening.【答案】（）（）（）（）【解析析文章大意：短文介绍了中国的首届中国农民丰收节。节日定语中国的二十四解气的秋分这节日是为农创建的鼓他们用自己的方式庆祝收获农认为这个节日是他们一年中最快乐的时候。（）节理解，根据heAutumnalEquinoxonethe24solarterms(节气)ofChineselunarcalendarandusuallyfallsbetweenSeptember22ndand24th,可，秋分在月22日24日的某一天，所以庆祝丰收节应该在这事件范围内。故答案是。（）节理解，根据Someactivitiesareheldacrossthecountry,butmostofthecelebrationstakeplaceatalocallevelthatcomesfromlocalcustoms.Also,localgovernmentusuallyhostsallkindsofactivitiesforthefestival,suchasfolkcultureperformances,foodtastingandon.可C的述绝对错误，故答案是。（）节理解，根据ofthecelebrationswilltakeplacealocallevelthatcomesfromlocalcustoms.可知，庆祝活动应基于当地风土人情，故答案是。（）误判断，根据Afterreformandopening(改开放,withdevelopmentof

modernagriculture(农业),people'sgettingbetterandbetter,andtheirlivingconditionshaveimprovedalot.ChineseFarmers'HarvestFestivalshowsthatour可，因为改革开放，中国的现代农业取得了很大的成就，故答案是。【点评考查阅读理解本文涉及到了细节理解题和正误判断题节理解题一般可知直接在文中找到答案，正误判断题也是细节理解题的一种，也是基于短文内容进行判断的。4．阅读短文，从每题所给的A、、和D四选项中，选出最佳选项。BlueLightningSallycarsmorethananythingelse.Thisspringshethoughtofbuildingago-kartenterfortheGo-GoRace.sheherfor"Well,"hesaid."Howaboutthis:youdosomeresearchfirsttomewithadesign."Aweeklater,SallybroughthernotesanddrawingstoShehergo-kart"BlueLightning".Dadlookedoverherwork,thinking."Well,that'sinteresting,"hesaid.atry.JustbuildLightningyou'vedesigned."Overthreeofhardwork,turnedherdesignintoareal,workinggo-kartandpaintedlightblue.hertakeforatestdrive.Sallyagreed.AfterdidSallydrovetoDad."Well,"said."NowIwhyyouwantedtoatestdrive.""Oh,dohesaid."Pleaseshare."Ifast,therealotofpushback,"shesaid.thinkit'sbecauseofthelightningbolt闪shape.""Verygood!"Dadsaid."So,whydidn'tyouaboutthatprobleminthefirstplace?"asked.Dadlaughed.thefuninthat?Ifyougiveamanafish,he'lleatforaday.Butifteachtohe'lleatforlifetime."Sallysaid,see.designingishalfthefun!"Dadsmiled."Good.Sometimes,learninghappensduringtheprocess.Welearntodosomethingrightbydoingtimesfirstandmakingmistakesalongway."

Thatencouragedandsheworkedevenharder.WhensheDadnewgo-kart,henoddedwithpride.Finallycametherace.wasn'tworriedaboutsheinhermind,hadalreadywon,bybuildingbetterthanbefore.（）thoughtofbuildingago-kart________.A.practicedrivingenterforaraceC.playwithfriendsdosomeresearch（）didSally'sdadaskafterbuiltthego-kart?A.havetestdrive.B.Totakegoodrest.Togiveitcoolname.D.Topaintitlightblue.（）storymainlytellsusthat________.A.winningaraceisimportantfishingbringsusalotfundrivingexperienceisnecessarylearninghappensduringprocess【答案】（）（）（）【解析析文章大意：本文主要讲述在过程中学习，我们通过做某事数次，然后发现错误，最后学会怎样正确地做某事。（）节题。据Thisspringthoughtofbuildingago-kartenterfortheGo-GoRace.可知她想造卡丁车参加比赛，故选。（细题据Dadaskedhertakeforatestdrive.造好卡丁车后爸叫她进行测试驾，故选A。（）旨题。章主要讲述我们通过做某事数次，然后发现错误，最后学会怎样确地做某事，在过程中学习，故选。【点评】细节题和主旨题是阅读理解题中常考题型。细节题要从文中寻找答案；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。5．阅读理解Whatproblemsdotheteenagersprobablyhave?Hereisasurveyshow