四级阅读技巧长篇阅读找对应段落

四级阅读技巧长篇阅读找对应段落第一页，共十七页，2022年，8月28日长篇阅读（信息匹配题）包括大约10-18个段落的篇章。题后给出10句陈述，每句一题。每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落，要求考生找出与每句所含信息相匹配的那一段落，每段开头有一个字母标识指代该段落。一般一个段落对应一题；有的段落可能对应两题或更多，有多次被选的可能；有的段落可能不对应任何一题。第二页，共十七页，2022年，8月28日解题思路Step1快速通读文章（skimming)，标题、副标题、首段、段落首、尾主题句、段落重要观点句，注意文章结构和细节串联，熟悉文章的题材，抓住文章大意。Step2仔细阅读给出的10句话(statements)，明确标出句中易于查找的细节词，如数字、大写、核心名词、态度词汇等，掌握问题类型。Step3快速查读（scanning），根据10句话中的细节词迅速找出相应段落，确定段落内容与题干信息是否对应。Caseanalysisp7-9第三页，共十七页，2022年，8月28日答题原则1)关键词定位原则。2)关键词非首次出现原则。3)出题非顺序原则。4)匹配原则。句子与原文定位处需有明确的匹配关系：同义改写，正话反说，反话正说，归纳概括等语言层面的改写和替换。5)非一一对应原则：有的段落可能对应两题，有的段落可能不对应任何一题。6）题目非照抄原文原则第四页，共十七页，2022年，8月28日Modeltest1p7-9Skimthepassageandgraspthemainidea(accordingtothesubtitles)Scrutinizeeachof10statementsattachedtothepassage,markingthekeywordsanddetailsaswellasscanningouttherelatedsentencesthatinvolvethekeywordsanddetails.Makesurethechosenparagraphmatchesthestatement.第五页，共十七页，2022年，8月28日ThesubtitlesHowmuchtrashisgenerated?Howistrashdisposedof?Whatisalandfill?ProposingthelandfillBuildingthelandfillWhathappenstotrashinalandfill?Howisalandfilloperated?第六页，共十七页，2022年，8月28日Markthekeywordsanddetailsinthe10statements46Firststepinconstructingalandfillistobuildroadswhichleadtothelandfill.(I)关键词+同义改写47.Most

customersofalandfillaremunicipalitiesandconstructioncompanies.(k)同上48.Alandfillcan’tbebuiltwithoutcertainenvironmentalimpactstudybeingcarriedout.(H)关键词+正话反说49.Inlandfilldisposal,theUnitedKingdom

ranksfirstwhiletheUnitedStatesranksmiddleofthemajorcountries.(D)关键词+改写50.Ratherthanbreakdown

trash,alandfillismainlytoburyit.(J)关键词+改写第七页，共十七页，2022年，8月28日Markthekeywordsanddetailsinthe10statements51.It’spredictedthatbioreactorwillbeusedtospeedupoftrashbreakdowninlandfills.(Q)关键词+改写52.Ofallthebigcountries,Americansgenerateslargestamountoftrashperpersoneveryyear,andmajorityofthetrashisburiedinlandfills.(B)关键词+综合53.Customersoflandfillsarecharged

bytheweightofthetrashtheyaregoingtobury.(M)某些关键词多次出现54.Poisonouschemicalsarebarredfromalandfill.(O)同义改写55.Usuallytoreducetheamountofmaterialinalandfill,thereisarecyclingcenterneartheentranceofthelandfill.(L)关键词+细节词第八页，共十七页，2022年，8月28日Skimmingandscanningactivity(accordingtoeachof10statements)46Firststepinconstructingalandfillistobuildroadswhichleadtothelandfill.(I)关键词+同义改写BuildingtheLandfillI) Oncetheenvironmentalimpactstudyiscomplete,thepermitsaregrantedandthefundshavebeenraised,thenconstructionbegins.First,accessroads

tothelandfillsitemustbebuiltiftheydonotalreadyexist.Theseroadswillbeusedbyconstructionequipment,sanitation(环卫)servicesandthegeneralpublic.Afterroadshavebeenbuilt,diggingcanbegin.IntheNorthWakeCountyLandfill,thelandfillbegan10feetbelowtheroadsurface.第九页，共十七页，2022年，8月28日Skimmingandscanningactivity(accordingtoeachof10statements)47.Most

customersofalandfillaremunicipalitiesandconstructioncompanies.(k)关键词+同义改写HowIsaLandfillOperated?K) Alandfill,suchastheNorthWakeCountyLandfill,mustbeopenandavailableeveryday.Customersaretypically

municipalitiesandconstructioncompanies,althoughresidentsmayalsousethelandfill.第十页，共十七页，2022年，8月28日Skimmingandscanningactivity(accordingtoeachof10statements)48.Alandfillcan’tbebuiltwithoutcertainenvironmentalimpactstudybeingcarriedout.(H)关键词+正话反说H) IntheUnitedStates,takingcareoftrashandbuildinglandfillsarelocalgovernmentresponsibilities.Beforeacityorotherauthoritycanbuildalandfill,anenvironmentalimpactstudymustbedoneontheproposedsitetodetermine:第十一页，共十七页，2022年，8月28日Skimmingandscanningactivity(accordingtoeachof10statements)49.Inlandfilldisposal,theUnitedKingdom

ranks

firstwhiletheUnitedStates

ranks

middleofthemajorcountries.(D)关键词+改写HowIsTrashDisposedof?D)ThetrashproductionintheUnitedStateshasalmosttripledsince1960.Thistrashishandledinvariousways.About27percentofthetrashisrecycledorcomposted,16percentisburnedand57percentisburiedinlandfills.Theamountoftrashburiedinlandfillshasdoubledsince1960.TheUnitedStates

rankssomewhereinthemiddleofthemajorcountries(UnitedKingdom,Canada,Germany,FranceandJapan)inlandfilldisposal.TheUnitedKingdomrankshighest,buryingabout90percentofitssolidwasteinlandfills.第十二页，共十七页，2022年，8月28日Skimmingandscanningactivity(accordingtoeachof10statements)50.Ratherthanbreakdown

trash,alandfillismainlytoburyit.(J)关键词+改写WhatHappenstoTrashinaLandfill?J) Trashputinalandfillwillstaythereforaverylongtime.Insidealandfill,thereislittleoxygenandlittlemoisture.Undertheseconditions,trashdoesnotbreakdownveryrapidly.Infact,whenoldlandfillshavebeenduguporsampled,40-year-oldnewspapershavebeenfoundwitheasilyreadableprint.Landfillsarenotdesignedtobreakdowntrash,merelytoburyit.Whenalandfillcloses,thesite,especiallythegroundwater,mustbemonitoredandmaintainedforupto30years!

第十三页，共十七页，2022年，8月28日Skimmingandscanningactivity(accordingtoeachof10statements)51.It’spredictedthatbioreactorwillbeusedtospeedupoftrashbreakdowninlandfills.(Q)关键词+改写Q)Landfillsarecomplicatedstructuresthat,whenproperlydesignedandmanaged,serveandimportantpurpose.Inthefuture,newtechnologiescalledbioreactorswillbeusedtospeedthebreakdownoftrashinlandfillsandproducemoremethane.

第十四页，共十七页，2022年，8月28日Skimmingandscanningactivity(accordingtoeachof10statements)52.Ofallthebigcountries,Americansgenerateslargestamountoftrashperpersoneveryyear,andmajorityofthetrashisburiedinlandfills.(B)关键词+综合B)Americansgeneratetrashatanastonishingrateoffourpoundsperdayperperson,whichtranslatesto600,000tonsperdayor210milliontonsperyear!Thisisalmosttwiceasmuchtrashperpersonasmostothermajorcountries.Whathappenstothistrash?Somegetsrecycled(回收利用)orrecoveredandsomeisburned,butthemajorityisburiedinlandfills.第十五页，共十七页，2022年，8月28日Skimmingandscanningactivity(accordingtoeachof10statements)53.Customersoflandfillsarecharged

bytheweightofthetrashtheyaregoingtobury.(M)某些关键词多次出现M) Ascustomersenterthesite,theirtrucksareweighedatthescalehouse.Custo