2008年研究生英语入学考试试卷

2008年研究生英语入学考试试卷以下70题答案请写在答题卡上，谢谢。PartOne:听力ListeningComprehension(20%)一、听对话Directions:Inthissectionyouwillhearsomeshortconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefoursuggestedanswersmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.1.线订装此过超得不题答A)Hehadtokillsomeone.B)Henevermindedkillingsomeone'stime.C)Hehadsomefreetimewithnothingtodo.D)Henevermindedthathistimewaslost.2.A)Shewillgotheresoon.B)She'llstayinthestationforjustafewminutues.C)Shejustcamefromthestation.D)Sheisnotgoingthere.3.A)AteacherB)Amillionaire.C)Anofficerintravelagency.D)AnEnglishteacher.4.A)$10B)$3C)$2D)$45.A)ThemanwantstogotoLosAngeles.B)ThemanwantstogotoSanFrancisco.C)TherearenoflightstoLosAngelesfortherestoftheday.D)TherearetwodirectflightstoLosAngeleswithinthenexttwohours.06.A)Onthewhole,shelikedthefilm.B)Shedidn'tseethefilm.C)Thefilmwasveryexciting.D)Thefilmwasn'tasgoodasshe'dexpected.7.A.Hecausedafire.B.Helosthisjobbecausehetriedtocheat.C.Hequithisjobbecausehisbosstoldalie.D.Hewasunabletogetaproject.8.A.Casually.B.Plainly.C.Lightly.D.Formally,.9.A)Shewouldliketocomeanothertime.B)Shewillcomeat7:00p.m.C)Shewouldliketotakehimtoamovie.D)Shewouldcomeat7:30p.m.10.A.Raywillhaveaclassat1:00.B.Raywillgotothelibraryat2:00.C.Raywillgohomeimmediatelyafterclass.D.Raywillgohomearound3:00.二、听短文（3段）Directions:InthissectionyouwillhearTHREEshortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.AfteryouhearaquestionyoumustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).[共10小题,5.0分,答题时间:100秒]PassageA11.HowoftenistheFestivalfortheDeadheld?A)Onceayear.B)Twiceayear.C)Everyfiveyears.D)Everytenyears.112.Whatdopeopledoallnight?A)Theystayathomeandwait.B)Theysinganddance.C)Theydrinkandtalk.D)Theyplaygames.13.Whatdopeopledowiththefood?A)Theyeatit.B)Theykeepitforafewdays.C)Theythrewitintotheriverorthesea.D)Theygiveittothebeggar.PassageB14.Whatimportantthingdidwomeninventaccordingtothetalk?A)MachineB)Agriculture.C)History.D)Cooking.15.Whatdidmengooutfor?A)Animals.B)Fruits.C)Plants.D)Roots.16.Whycouldwomenstayathome?A)Becausemencouldkillenoughanimalsforfood.B)Becausechildrenhadtobetakencareof.C)Becausewomenbeganplanting.D)Becausehuntingwastoodangerousforwomen.PassageC17.Whoisthespeaker?A)ATVreporter.B)Aspecialistinoilspillprevention.C)Anoilcompanytechnician.D)Theheadoftheoilcompany.18.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?A)Wheretheoilspilloccurred.B)Whatcausedtheoilspill.219.Whovolunteeredtocleanuptheoil?A)Farmers,scientistsandteachers.20.Whatdoestheoilcompanypromisetodo?A)Togetridofalltheoldshipsatonce.B)TocleanuptheoilatSeaviewBeachsoon.C)Topaythevolunteers.A321.Accordingtotheauthor,feelingdepressedis________.A)Itenableschildrentogainmoresocialinformation.B)Itdevelopschildren'sinterestinreadingandwriting.C)Ithelpschildrentomemorizeandpracticemore.D)Itcancontrolwhatchildrenaretolearn.25.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthechangeintoday’schildren?D)Heseemstobeupsetaboutit.B4onetimeenjoyable.Theearlyyearsofdevelopmentarecriticalyearsforlearningaboutoneself.Thesportsettingisonewherevaluableexperiencescantakeplace.Youngathletescan,forexample,learnhowtocooperatewithothers,makefriends,andgainothersocialskillsthatwillbeusedthroughouttheirlives.Coachesandparentsshouldbeaware,atalltimes,thattheirfeedbacktoyoungsterscangreatlyaffecttheirchildren.Youngstersmaytaketheirparents’andcoaches’criticismstoheartandfindaflawinthemselves.Coachesandparentsshouldalsobecautiousthatyouthsportparticipationdoesnotbecomeworkforchildren.Theoutcomeofthegameshouldnotbemoreimportantthantheprocessoflearningthesportandotherlifelessons.Intoday’syouthsportsetting,youngathletesmaybeworryingmoreaboutwhowillwininsteadofenjoyingthemselvesandthesport.Followingagamemanyparentsandcoachesfocusontheoutcomeandfindfaultwithyoungsters’performances.Positivereinforcementshouldbeprovidedregardlessoftheoutcome.Researchindicatesthatpositivereinforcementmotivatesandhasagreatereffectonlearningthancriticism.Again,criticismcancreatehighlevelsofstress,whichcanleadtoburnout.26.Aneffectivewaytopreventtheburnoutofyoungathletesis________.A)toreducetheirmentalstressB)tomakesportslesscompetitiveC)toincreasetheirsenseofsuccessD)tomakesportsmorechallenging27.Accordingtothepassagesportispositiveforyoungpeopleinthat________.A)itcanhelpthemlearnmoreaboutsocietyB)itenablesthemtofindflawsinthemselvesC)itcanprovidethemwithvaluableexperiencesD)itteachesthemhowtosetrealisticgoalsforthemselves28.Manycoachesandparentsareinthehabitofcriticizingyoungathletes_______.A)believingthatcriticismisbeneficialfortheirearlydevelopmentB)withoutrealizingcriticismmaydestroytheirselfconfidenceC)inrtomakethemrememberlife’slessonsD)soastoputmorepressureonthem29.Accordingtothepassageparentsandcoachesshould_______.A)paymoreattentiontolettingchildrenenjoysportsB)helpchildrentowineverygameC)trainchildrentocopewithstressD)enablechildrentounderstandthepositiveaspectofsports530.Theauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassageis_______.A)toteachyoungathleteshowtoavoidburnoutB)topersuadeyoungchildrennottoworryaboutcriticismC)tostresstheimportanceofpositivereinforcementtochildrenD)todiscusstheskillofcombiningcriticismwithencouragement31.Researchersinbehavioralpsychologyaredividedwithregardto______.6A)howdreamsaremodifiedintheircoursesB)thedifferencebetweensleepandwakefulnessC)whysleepisofgreatbenefittomemoryD)thefunctionsofagoodnight'ssleepA)itssignificanceinthestudyB)aninherentpatternbeinglearntC)itsresemblancetothelightsD)theimportanceofnight'ssleep7individualanimalsofwhichtheyconsist),andperhapsecologicalsystemsasawholehaveavalueindependentoftheinstrumentalvaluetheymayhaveforhumansorothersentientcreatures.Ourconcernfortheenvironmentalsoraisesthequestionofourobligationstofuturegenerations.Howmuchdoweowetothefuture?Fromasocialcontractviewofethicsorfortheethicalegoist,theanswerwouldseemtobe:nothing.Wecanbenefitthem,buttheyareunabletoreciprocate.Mostotherethicaltheories,however,dogiveweighttotheinterestsofcominggenerations.Utilitarians,forone,wouldnotthinkthatthefactthatmembersoffuturegenerationsdonotexistyetisanyreasonforgivinglessconsiderationtotheirintereststhanwegivetoourown,providedonlythatwearecertainthattheywillexistandwillhaveintereststhatwillbeaffectedbywhatwedo.Inthecaseof,say,thestorageofradioactivewastes,itseemsclearthatwhatwedowillindeedaffecttheinterestsofgenerationstocome.Thequestionbecomesmuchmorecomplex,however,whenweconsiderthatwecanaffectthesizeoffuturegenerationsbythepopulationpolicieswechooseandtheextenttowhichweencouragelargeorsmallfamilies.Mostenvironmentalistsbelievethattheworldisalreadydangerouslyovercrowded.Thismaywellbeso,butthenotionofoverpopulationconcealsaphilosophicalissuethatisingeniouslyexploredbyDerekParfitinReasonsandPersons(1984).Whatisoptimum(适宜的)population?Isitthatpopulationsizeatwhichtheaveragelevelofwelfarewillbeashighaspossible?Orisitthesizeatwhichthetotalamountofwelfare—theaveragemultipliedbythenumberofpeople—isasgreataspossible?Bothanswersleadtocounterintuitiveoutcomes,andthequestionremainsoneofthemostbafflingmysteriesinappliedethics.36.Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout_______.A)theintrinsicvalueofhumanexperiencesB)theintrinsicvalueoftheexperiencesofnonhumananimalsC)theintrinsicvalueofecologicalsystemasawholeD)anancientethicalquestionaboutthenatureofintrinsicvalue37.________,weowenothingtothefuturegenerations.A)Intheauthor’sopinionB)FromasocialcontrastviewofethicsC)ForautilitarianD)Formostenvironmentalists38.Populationpolicywetakeshouldbeconsidered________.A.positiveB.negativeC.complexD.reasonable39.Accordingtothispassage,optimumpopulation________.8A)referstothepopulationsizeatwhichtheaveragelevelofwelfarewillbeashighaspossibleB)referstothepopulationsizeatwhichthetotalamountofwelfarewillbeasgreataspossibleC)isadifficultphilosophicalissuewhichremainstoberesolvedinthefutureD)isadifficultphilosophicalissuewhichDerekParfithassuccessfullysettledinReasonsandPersons40.Thepropertitleforthispassageshouldbe________.A)AMysteryinAppliedEthicsB)OurObligationstoFutureGenerationsC)EnvironmentalEthicsD)EnvironmentalissuesPartThree:完型填空（10%）Directions:Inthispart,youwillreadapassagewithsomeblanks.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushouldchoosetheONEanswerthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.Ascivilization__(41)__inthedirectionoftechnology,itpassesthepointofsupplyingallthebasic__(42)__oflife--food,__(43)__,clothes,and__(44)__.Thenwearefacedwithachoicebetweenusingtechnologytoprovideand__(45)__needswhichhavehithertobeenregardedasunnecessaryor,__(46)__theotherhand,usingtechnologyto__(47)__thenumberofhoursofworkwhichamanmustdoinordertoearnagivenstandardofliving.Inotherwords,weeitherraiseourstandardoflivingabove__(48)__necessaryforcomfortandhappinessorwe__(49)__itatthislevelandworkshorterhours.Ishalltakeitasaxiomatic其理自明的)thatmankindhas,bythattime,chosenthelatter__(50)__.Menwillbeworkingshorterandshorterhoursintheirpaid__(51)__.Itfollowsthatthehousewifewillalso__(52)__tobeabletohavemore__(53)__inherlifewithoutloweringherstandardofliving.Italsofollowsthathuman__(54)__servantswillhavecompletely__(55)__toexist.Yetthegreat__(56)__ofthehousewiveswillwishtoberelievedcompletelyfromthe__(57)__operationsofthehomesuchasscrubbing(擦洗)thefloorsorthe__(58)__orthe__(59)__,orwashingtheclothesorwashing__(60)__,ordustingorsweeping,ormakingbeds.41.A)proceeds42.A)events43.A)shower44.A)warmth45.A)fulfill46.A)forB)profitsC)projectsC)essentialsC)shoulderC)sicknessC)rejectD)promotesD)luxuriesD)shelterD)diseaseD)regulateD)inB)processionsB)shoppingB)friendshipB)remarkB)withC)on947.A)increase48.A)allB)reduceB)whatB)lowerB)choiceB)employerB)existB)leisureB)domesticB)stoppedB)minorityB)rowC)releaseC)whichC)locateC)alternativeC)employeeC)expectC)libertyC)diverseC)ceasedC)minimumC)routeD)relaxD)thatD)list49.A)leave50.A)chance51.A)labor52.A)consider53.A)lever54.A)dramatic55.A)paused56.A)majority57.A)rotary58.A)bathe59.A)cook60.A)upD)substituteD)employmentD)expendD)luckD)discreteD)endedD)maximumD)routineD)batB)bayB)cookerB)awayC)bathC)coilC)outD)combD)overPartFour:词汇及语法结构（10%）Directions:Inthispart，therearesomeincompletesentences.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.61.Hesankinto_________afterhisbusinessfailed.A)excitementB)successC)disappearingD)despairD)utmostD)humanD)stoppage62.Thespeedoflightisindeedenormous,butitisnot________.A)infiniteB)definiteC)endless63.Manyfamouspeoplearesurprisingly_________.A)dignifiedB)honestC)humble64.Thelampwouldnotworkbecauseofa________intheswitch.A)defectB)complaintC)mistake65.Accordingtowhatyouhavejustsaid,amItounderstandthathisnewpost_______noresponsibilitywithitatall?A)shouldersB)possessesC)carriesD)shares66.Majorearthquakesareamongnature'smostdevastatingevents,______________immeasurablelossoflifeandproperty.A)thathavecausedC)andcausedB)tocauseD)causing67.________,wewouldhavecomeyesterday.A)ShouldtheweatherbefineC)HadtheweatherbeenfineB)IftheweatherwerefineD)Weretheweatherfine1068.Myparents___athomeinthisevening.A)arebothB)allareC)bothareD)areall69.Organicchemistryhadmademanynewproducts_______.A)possibleB)aspossibleC)arepossibleD)theyarepossible70.Duckshavebeendomesticatedformanycenturies_______commerciallyfortheirmeatandeggs.A)raisedB)andareraisedC)raisedasD)areraisedPartFive:写作（10%，150-200字）Directions:Forthispartyouareallowedsomeminutestowriteacompositiononthegiventopic.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsontheAnswerSheetandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutlineifgivenbelow.Title:HealthCarefortheElderlyWiththedevelopmentoftheadvancedmedicaltechnology,humansareenjoyinglongerlife.However,theagedpeoplefinditdifficulttomanagethecostforbeingsickforalongtimeorseriousdisease.…Forexample,…Thegovernmentandsocietyshould…..becausetheyhave….forthesociety….Istrongly…..A.Directions:TranslatethefollowingtheologicaltermsintoChinese.(10%)1)Sacrament2)Hermeneutics3)Eschatology4)Presbyterianism5)Theodicy6)Anthropomorphism7)Decalogue8)Annunciation9)SalvationArmy10)Historicalcriticism11B.Directions:TranslatethefollowingunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.(15%)I.Politically,modernChinabeganin1911withthefoundingoftheRepublicofChina.Socio-culturally,however,theadventoftheMayMovement(theNewCultureMovement)in1917markedthebeginningofthemodernera.1917-1949wasperhapsthemostcreativeperiodfortheologicalthinking,andinfactweseesomeofthebesttheologicalmindsemergingtofacethechallengeofthetimes.Therewereseveralurgentissuestobeaddressed.Therewasthequestionoftherelevanceofreligioninmodernsociety.Assciencewasregardedasthekeytomodernization,scientism,andtogetherwithitananti-religioussentiment,wasprevalent.TherewastheissueofChina’sculturalpast:therewasastrongiconoclastic（打倒偶像）mood,andasaresulttherewasalsoastrongsenseofculturalidentitycrisis.Thustherewasaquestforcultural-historicalcontinuity.Therewasalsotheissueofsocio-economicorder,inthefaceoframpantexploitationandabjectpoverty,withthecommunistrevolutionloomingonthehorizon.(8%)II.Cheapgraceispreachingforgivenesswithoutrepentance;itisbaptismwithoutthedisciplineofcommunity;itistheLordsSupperwithoutconfessionofsin;itisabsolutionwithoutpersonalconfession.Cheapgraceisgracewithoutdiscipleship,gracewithoutthecross,[and]gracewithouttheliving,incarnateJesusChrist.Costlygraceisthegospelwhichmustbesoughtagainandagain,thegiftwhichhastobeaskedfor,thedooratwhichonehastoknock.Itiscostly,becauseitcallstodiscipleship;itisgrace,becauseitcallsustofollowJesusChrist.Itiscostly,becauseitcostspeopletheirlives;itisgrace,becauseittherebymakesthemlive.Itiscostly,becauseitcondemnssin;itisgrace,becauseitjustifiesthesinner.Graceiscostly,becauseitforcespeopleundertheyokeoffollowingJesusChrist;itisgracewhenJesussays,Myyokeiseasy,andmyburdenislight.”(7%)PartSeven:根据短文回答问题（每题3%,共15%;．Insummary,thenineteenthcenturybroughtaboutgreatpoliticalandeconomicchangesinEurope.Ingeneral,CatholicismsufferedfromthosechangesmoresevereblowsthanProtestantism.Therefore,thenineteenthcenturywasforCatholicismaperiodofreactionagainstmodernideas,whichwereusuallyseenasthreats.ForProtestantism,ontheotherhand,thenineteenthcenturybroughtnewopportunities.ProtestantpowerssuchasGreatBritainandGermanyincreasedtheirinfluenceintheworld.PoliticalandeconomicliberalismwerecloselyalliedwithProtestantism,andwereseenbytheiradherentsasthewaveof