硕士研究生考试英语专业考试真题

大连外国语学院2006年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题

学科专业：英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学（英语）考试科目：语言学（A卷）

考生请注意：答案必须写在答题纸上，将标号写清楚。写在试卷上不给分。

I.MarkthefollowingstatementswithTiftheyaretrueorFiftheyfalse

(20points)

1.Thedesignfeaturesofhumanlanguagesincludeonlycreativityanddisplacement.

2.Thebow-wowtheory,thepooh-poohtheoryandthe“yo-he-ho”theoryare

well-establishedtheorywithadequatesupportiveevidences.

3.Recreationalfunctionandmetalingualfunctionarethemostimportantfunctionsof

language.

4.Phonetics,phonology,morphology,syntax,andsemanticsarebranchesof

linguistics.

5.Macrolinguisticsisofinterdisciplinarynature.

6.Articulatoryphonetics,acousticphoneticsandauditoryphoneticsstudyspeech

sounds.

7.Fictiveisamongtheelevenplacesofarticulationwhicharedistinguishedonthe

IPAchart.

8.Aphysicallydefinableunit,thecommonfactorunderlyingasetofforms,anda

grammaticalunitareusedtodiscussthedefinitionof“word”.

9.Broadening,narrowing,meaningshift,classshiftandsemanticchangecontribute

tochangeinsentencemeaning.

10.InSaussure’sview,languageisasystemofsings,eachofwhichconsistsoftwo

parts:SIGNIFIED(soundimage)andSIGNIFER(concept).

11.Syntaxreferstothestudyoftherulesgoverningthewayssoundsarecombinedto

formsentencesinalanguage.

12.Therearegenerallythreekindsofsenserelationsrecognized－samenessrelation,

oppositenessrelationandinclusivenessrelationwiththetechnicaltermsofsynonymy,

antonymyandhyponymyrespectively.

13.Pairsofwordslikebuy-sellandlend-borrowbelongtocomplementaryantonymy.

14.Cognitivepsycholinguisticsisconcernedwithmakinginferencesaboutthe

contentofthehumanmind.

15.ThetheoryofCONTEXTOFSITUATIONcanbesummarizedasfollows:the

relevantfeaturesoftheparticipants,therelevantobjectandtheeffectsoftheverbal

action.

16.Austinclaimsthattherearetwotypesofsentences:performativesandconstatives.

17.Thepartoflinguisticsthatstudiesthelanguageofliteratureistermedliterary

stylistics.

18.CAIaimsatseeingeducationalproblemsonthepartoftheteacher,whereasCAL

emphasizestheuseofacomputerinbothteachingandlearninginordertohelpthe

learnerachieveeducationalobjectives.

19.CommunicativeCompetencehastwocomponents:appropriatenessand

performance.

20.AnimportantcontributionofthePragueSchooltolinguisticsisthatitsees

languageintermsofFUCTION.

II.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswithanappropriatewordwiththehintof

theinitialletter(20points)

1.A______oflanguagemakesitpotentiallycreative,andconventionalityoflanguage

makeslearningalanguagelaborious.Forlearnersofaforeignlanguage,itisthis

featureoflanguagethatismoreworthnoticingthanitsarbitrariness.

2.Speakingofthemannersofarticulation,p______iscompleteclosureofthe

articulatorsinvolvedsothattheairstreamcannotescapethroughthemouth..

3.V______ismadewiththebackofthetongueandthesoftpalate.Anexamplein

Englishis[k]asin“cat”.

4.Theprincipleofa______creationcanaccountfortheco-existenceoftwoforms,

regularandirregular,intheconjugationofsomeEnglishverbs.

5.G______isatypeofcontrolovertheformofsomewordsbyotherwordsincertain

syntacticconstructions.

6.P______logicisthestudyofthetruthconditionsforpropositions:howthetruthof

acompositepropositionisdeterminedbythetruthofvalueofitsconstituent

propositionsandtheconnectionsbetweenthem.

7.Theprincipleofr______isdefinedaseveryactofostensivecommunication

communicatesthepresumptionofitsownoptimalrelevance.

8.Assonancedescribess______withacommonvowel(cVc).

9.Thetypeofl______constructedbysecondorforeignlanguagelearnerswhoare

stillintheprocessoflearningalanguageisoftenreferredtoasinterlanguage.

10.E______isthegrammaticallyincorrectform;mistakeappearswhenthelanguage

iscorrectgrammaticallybutimproperinacommunicationalcontext.

III.Markthechoicethatbestcompletesthestatement(20points)

1.ThedogbarkswowwowinEnglishbutwangwangwanginChinese.Thisindicates

the______relationshipbetweenthesoundofamorphemeanditsmeaning.

A.arbitrary

B.dual

C.creative

D.displaced

2.The_______functionoflanguageisoneofthemostpowerfulusesoflanguage

becauseitissocrucialinchangingtheemotionalstatusofanaudiencefororagainst

someoneorsomething.

A.recreational

B.emotive

C.interpersonal

D.performative

3.______areproducedbyconstrictingorobstructingthevocaltractatsomeplaceto

divert,impede,orcompletelyshutofftheflowofairintheoralcavity.

A.Vowels

B.Semi-vowels

C.Consonants

D.Semi-consonants

4.Therearetwopossibilitiesofassimilation.Ifafollowingsoundisinfluencinga

precedingsound,wecallit____assimilation.

A.progressive

B.preceding

C.preceding

D.regressive

5.Theterm___referstothosewordsthatconsistofmorethanonelexicalmorpheme,

orthewaytojointwoseparationwordstoproduceasingleform.

A.compound

B.derivation

C.invention

D.blending

6.___referstoatypeofword-formingwhereashorterwordisderivedbydeletingan

imaginedaffixfromalongerformalreadyinthelanguage.

A.Borrowing

B.Back-formation

C.Acronym

D.Analogicalcreation

7.___,alsoknownagreement,maybedefinedastherequirementthattheformsof

twoormorewordsinasyntacticrelationshipshouldagreewitheachotherintermsof

somecategories.

A.tense

B.aspect

C.concord

D.government

8.The___constructionisdefinedasaconstructionwhosedistributionisnot

functionallyequivalenttoanyofitsconstituents,suchas“ontheshelf”.

A.endocentric

B.exocentric

C.subordinate

D.coordinate

9.Thetheoryofmeaningwhichrelatesthemeaningofawordtothethingitrefersto,

orstandsfor,isknownasthe___theory.

A.integrated

B.senserelation

C.subordinate

D.coordinate

10.OgdenandRichardsproposesatheorythattherelationbetweenawordanda

thingitreferstoisnotdirect,butitismediatedby____.

A.triangle

B.concept

C.meaning

D.referential

11.___describestheadditionaleasewithwhichawordisaccessedduetoitsmore

frequentusageinthelanguage.

A.CohortTheory

C.RecencyEffect

B.FrequencyEffect

D.ContextEffect

12.Generalcontexteffectoccurswhenour___knowledgeabouttheworldinfluences

languagecomprehension.

A.general

B.specific

C.discourse

D.text

13.Languagemaydetermineourthinkingpatterns.Thisispartofthe___.

A.Sapir-WhorfHypotheses

B.Cross-CulturalCommunicationtheory

C.Contextofsituationtheory

D.EthnographyofCommunicationtheory

14.____maybesaidtoequivalenttospeaker’smeaning,contextualmeaning,or

extrameaning.

A.Locutionary

B.PerloculationaryAct

C.Illocutionaryprinciple

D.Performatives

15.Whichofthefollowingarenotthefourcategoriesofmaximsintroducedby

Grice?

A.quantity

B.quality

C.relation

D.obscurity

16.Makeyourcontributionnecessaryandsaynomorethanyoumust.Thisisthe___

proposedbyHorn.

A.Q-principle

B.R-principle

C.Cooperativeprinciple

D.Q-basedprinciple

17.Thepersonwhotellsthestorymayalsobeacharacterinthefictionalworldofthe

story,relatingthestoryaftertheevent.Inthiscase,thecriticscallthenarrator___.

A.third-personnarrator

C.Firstnarrator

B.I-narrator

D.Indirectnarrator

18.___dealswiththeprinciplesandpracticeofusingalargebodyof

machine-readabletextsinlanguagestudy.

A.SociolinguisticsB.PsycholinguisticsC.Pragmatics

19.Classifiedbydifferentaims,therearefourtypesoftest.Whichisnotoneofthem?

A.AptitudeB.AttitudetestC.ProficiencytestD.achievementtest

D.Corpuslinguistics

20.Chomskybelievesthatlanguageissomewhatinnate,andthatchildrenareborn

withwhathecallsa___.

A.LAD

B.MT

C.S→RR→S

D.EST

Ⅳ.MatcheachinColumnAwithaterminColumnBthatbestdescribesit(10

points)

(2)back+formation→back-formation

(3)baby+sit→babysit

(4)national+lize→nationalize

(5)nylon

e)acronym

(10)kung-fu

j)inflection

Ⅴ.Writeoutthescholarthatiscloselyconnectedwiththeconceptortheory(10

points)

b)Americandescriptivelinguistics

c)Metafunctionso