英语补习基础学习

基础学句子类（一）句子类型概(4)宾语从句和状语从句的区分while/as/when引导时间状语从句；because/since/as/for引导原因状语从句；if/unless引导条件状语从句；so...that/such...that引导结果状语从句等。（二）基础知识梳NeitherBrucenorSusancanspeakMotherboughtanewschoolbagformeatthebeginningofthisand，but，or，so，for等。如：Gostraightonandyouwillfindatoilet.Iwouldliketogowithyou,butIcan't.Hurryoryouwillbelate.Shepracticeseveryday,sosheysthepianoverywell.Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundiswet.宾语从由that引导，只起连接作用，不充当句子成分，没有实际意义，可以省略。如Weknow(that)therearetwokindsofHedecided(that)hewasnotgoingtosayanythingaboutwhetherif（是否）引导，只起连接作用，不充当句子成分，但不能省略。如：Nooneknowswhether/iftheyhavedecidedonthedateofthemeeting.who，，what，whih，whoewhen，wher，why,how等引导的宾语从句，这些连接词除了起连接主句和从句的作用外，还可在句中充当某个成分，不能省略。如：CouldyoulmehowIcangettothenearestsubwaystation?Shetoldmewhatshehadseeninthemuseum.it作形式宾语的从句。如Ithinkitnecessarythateverybodyshouldtryhisbesttohelpfight,WeweresurprisedthatPeterwasthefirsttocome.Iamsurethatyouwillbeasuccessinthefuture.状语从when,while,assinceuntil,assoonasIt'smorethantenyearssincetheycametoPleasesendmeanE-mailassoonasyouarriveinWeshallgoforaicifitdoesn'traintomorrow.Iwon'tbuythedressunlessitfitsmewell.because,since,as,nowthatHeaskedforleavebecausehehadtoseetheNowthateveryoneishere,shallwebeginour由though/although引导的让步状语从句。如Althoughitwasverylate,hewentonsothatinorderthatHeranasfastashecouldsothatthepeopleinAthenscouldlearnthenewsso.thatsuch...thatHeransoquicklythatwecouldn'tkeepupwithhim.Thebusbrokedown,sowehadtowalktothecinema.Englishissuchausefullanguagethatitisspokeninmany比较状语从句。常用的句型有as..asmorethan结构。（参见形容词、副词一章定语从饰的名词称为“先行词”who,whom,that,which引导，它位于先Theboywho/thatisreadingunderthetreeismyelder先行词关系代词作主语Thepresentwhich/thatyougavemeformybirthdayisvery whowhom指人，whowhom在从句中作宾语，一般Thewomanwhowillgiveusatalktomorrowisafamousprofessor.Doyouknowthegirl(whom)wemetoutsidetheschoolgate?whichThestorywhichlsaboutthreemonkeysisveryThemagazine(which)Iborrowedfromthelibrarywasnewlythat指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时可以省略。如Thepicturesthathangonthebackwallwereallpaintedbyher.Therestaurants(that)theyhavesetupare edbychildren.如果先行词被序数词、形容词、不定代词all,everything,nothing等以及only修饰时，关系代词必须用that。如：AllthatweneedisfreshI'llneverforgetthefirstjobthatIJudyisthemosthonestgirlthatIhaveever（三）经典ThediseasehasspreadallovertheIboughtanewTomgavemeabirthdayIsawthewindowSheisaThisismeandthesearemyIdon’twanttogo;besides,it’sgettingIdon’tknowwhohaswateredtheThisisthehousewheremyuncleonceSinceheisbusy,Iwon’ttroubleWherethereisnowater,thereisnoDon'tdrinktoomuchcoffeeintheevening, youwon'tfallasleep.A．andB．orC．butD．soStudyhard, youwillcatchupwithothers.A．andB．orC．butD．soCouldyoul wewillhaveadiscussionA.whomB.thatC.whatCouldyoul A.wherethebookshopwasB.wherethebookshopC.wherewasthebookshopD.whereistheSheisgoingtoreporttousassoonas A.willarriveB.arrivesC.isarrivingD.isgoingtoMrSmithhasworkedinthatfactory hemovedtothisA.sinceB.byC.whenHewassotiredthathecouldn'tgoanyfurther.（句型转换）Hewas tired goanyfurther.Janestudiedsohardthatshepassedtheentranceexaminationfinally(句型转换)Janestudiedhard passtheentranceexaminationfinally.Becauseheisill,sohecan'tgotoschool.（误）Heisill,sohecan'tgotoschool.（正）Hecan'tgotoschoolbecauseheisill.（正Althoughheisold,butheisstillingoodhealth.（误）Althoughheisold,(yet)heisstillingoodhealth.（正）Heisold,butheisstillingoodhealth.（正） weneedisfreshA.thatB.whatC.whichPeopleseemtohaveanaturalneedforfriendsandwithgoodreason.Friendsincreaseyourenjoymentoflifeandrelievefeelingsofloneliness.Theyevencanhelpreducestressandimproveyourhealth.Havinggoodfriendsisespeciallyhelpfulwhenyouaregoingthroughanykindofhardtimesuchaswhenyouareexperiencinganxiety,panicattacks,ordepression.Whenyouarewithgoodfriendsyoufeelgoodaboutyourself,andyouaregladtobewithAfriendissomeonewhoyoulike,respect,andtrust,andwholikes,respectsandtrustsdoesn’talwaysunderstandyou,butacceptsandlikesyouasyouare,evenasyougrowandallowsyouthespacetochange,grow,makedecisions,andevenmakelistenstoyouandshareswithyouboththegoodtimesandthebadrespectsyourneedforsecrets,soyou lthemlets lyexpressyourfeelingsandemotionswithoutjudging,teasing,orcriticizingacceptsthelimitationsyouhaveputonyourselfandhelpsyoutoremove oncesaid,“Friendshipisacontinuingsourceofbonding（连接）,releasing,andcreatinginyourselfandwiththeother .Thereisanemotionalbondbetweenthetwopeople.”Agoodfriendorsupportermayormaynotbethesameageorthesameasyou,andmaynothavethesameeducational,cultural,orreligiousbackground,orshareintereststhataresimilartoyours.Friendshipsalsohavedifferentdepths.Someareclosertotheheartandsomemoresuperficial,butthey’reallusefulandgood.WhichofthefollowingisNOTafunctionofaHebringsyousome B.HehelpsyoufeellessC.Hehelpsyougetoverthedifficulties.D.HehelpsyoucheatontheWecaninferfromthepassagethat friendsarepeoplewhorespecteachotherbutkeepadistancebetweeneachfriendsare