2023届高考英语语法填空“十四条军规”

2023高考英语复习语法填空“十四条军规”

【语法填空十四条军规】

一、如果一个句子没有谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但所填的动词与之是并列关系时，就是

填谓语动词(考时态/被动/虚拟)JJ_is_(be)ugly.

JJ_is_(be)uglybutistender.

靠“关系”做语法题！

【纯时态的】

■Aboyonabike_caught_(catch)myattention.Hewasridingbesidethebusandwavinghisarms.

一般过去=讲故事！-

■In1969,thepollutionwasterriblealongtheCuyahogaRivernearCleveland,Ohio.It__was_(be)

unimaginable(thatitcouldeverbe

cleanedup).

■(Ontheirreturn)thefatheraskedhisson(toexplain)(whathehadlearnt).Theboy,(whohad

remainedsilentanddeepinthought)(on

thejourneyhome),_replied_(reply)inaway(thatshockedhisfather).Theboysaidhewantedto

becomeafarmer.

■Theydidn'ttakemanychancesintheirlives.Theyjust_followed___(follow)orders.

■Ihadtoaskforaleave(totakeJacktothehospital)(becausehe_hadcut___(cut)his

finger).过去完成时=过去之前takeachance=takearisk二冒险

askforaleave请假

【被动】

(l)Thenewgumcan_beremoved_(remove)easily(frompavements,shoesandclothes).

(2)Butsomeonemusthavetakenthembecausethey're_gone_(go).

(3)Hermotherwasexcited."Yourfatherhasatlastdecidedtostopsmoking,"Jane_wasinformed^

(inform).

【虚拟】

含义：你说出来的这句话，不是真实的，而是虚拟的！

结构：在本来的时态上加一个did.

这句话是虚拟出来的！

IwishIwouldgototh。moon.［虚拟将来］willgo+did=wouldgo

IwishIwereyou.［虚拟现在］am+did+were

IwishIhadarrivedearlier.［虚拟过去］arrived+did=hadarrived.

Hewalkedintotheclassroomproudlyasifhe_hadbought_(buy)thewholeschool.

Aretheythere?Oh,mygoodness.I_musthaveput_(put)theminthere(whenthephonerang).

情态动词+havedone=描述过去！！！！

musthavedone肯定做了某事吧

can'thavedone不可能做了某事吧

wouldhavedone本来会做某事

couldhavedone本来能够做某事

shouldhavedone本应该做某事

mighthavedone本来有可能做某事

注意：谓语动词=助动词+实义动词

(1)will/shall+do

(2)have/has/had+done

(3)be+doing/done

(4)情态动词+do/havedone

二、如果一个句子已有谓语动词，且不是并列谓语动词时，所给动词要用非谓

语形式，这时要根据句子所缺句子成分和所填单词含义来确定具体的非谓语

形式。

主动doing

被动done

要做、去做todo(未做)

_Tocomplete_(complete)theprojectasfollowed,wellhavetoworkfortwomore

hoursperday.

Iheardapassengerbehindmeshoutingtothedriver,butherefused_tostop__(stop)

untilwereachedthenextstop.

Still,theboykept_riding_(ride).

Thenewgumaddsaspecialpolymertomodify(修改，改变)itsproperties(特性)，

_making_(make)itfar_less_(little)sticky.

Withtheproblem_solved_(solve),Ifeltproudofmyachievement.

Theheadmasterwentintothemeetingroom,_followed_(follow)bysometeachers.

注：如果非谓语前面有名词，则这个非谓语意在描述应个名词；如果非谓语前

面没有名词，这个非谓语描述主句主语。

Smiling,LiHuiwalkedin.微笑着，李辉走进来。

Theskywaitingfortherain,Iamwaitingforyou.

非谓语结构真正的句子

Theskviswaitingfortherain,andIamwaitingforyou.

真正的句子and真正的句子

三、如果有第三个动词提示词，可能变为其他词性(名词/动名词/形容词)

“判形式，找相关！”

介词后面跟名词！！！！！！！！！

■Whilethereare___amazing___(amaze)storiesofinstanttransformation,for

mostofusthe___changes___(change)aregradualand

requirealotofeffortandwork,likecleaningupapollutedriver.

■Onemorning,Iwaswaitingatthebusstop,worriedabout_being_(be)latefor

school.

■ButJaneknew(frompastexperience)[thather___choices___(choose)ofties

hardlyeverpleasedherfather].

■Anewscientificstudyshowsthateducationcanaffectour_appearance_

(appear)(morethanwehaverealized).

■I'mnotafraidof_beingcaught_(catch)bythepolice,becausetherewasno

copanywherearound.

catch^catching

becaught，beingcaught

【练习】

例1.Thefirstcard_wasdesigned_(design)(byJ.C.Horsley)(asacommercial

endeavor).

仞J2.ThatwasdefinitelynotanattractiveideasoIpolitelydeclinedherinvitation,

_closed_(close)mybookandwalkedaway.

彳列3.Allovertheworld,peoplemovefromplacetoplace.Moreandmore

people_leave_(leave)townsandfarms(tomove)(tocities).This_moving_(move)

tocitiesiscalledurbanization.

例4.Smallercarsarejustoneofthedirections(thatthecarindustryistaking).

Alsotheindustry_willproduce_(produce)cars(thatpollutelessandhavealess

harmfuleffect)(ontheenvironment)(thesedays).描述趋势、描述未来

例5.Nobodyknows(what_wouldhavehappened_)(happen)(ifshehadrefused

topay).主骷将完，从过完

例6.Hisfear(offailure)kepthim(fromclassroomgames)(thatotherchildren

_wereplaying_)(play)(withjoyousabandon).

例7.Thehappiest(happy)ofpeopledon'tnecessarily(necessary)havethebest

ofeverything;theyjustmakethemostofeverythingthat_comes_(come)

alongtheirway.

例8.Thecountrylife(hewasusedto)_haschanged_(change)greatlysince

theopeningpolicy改挛开放政策.

完成时+(since+过去时)

例9.Theinternationalagreement,(intendedtoencouragechildrennotto

smoke赢d-help_(help)peoplekickthehabit),_wassigned___(sign)

onFebruary27lastsummer.

intend的发出者只能是人，所以这里的agreement和intend只能是被动关系，

故使用intend的过去分词形式：intended

例10.Itisnotenoughonly_tomemorize_(memorize)rulesfromagrammarbook.

例11.Youknow,_speaking_(speak)outyourinnerfeelingwon'tmakeyoufeel

ashamed.动名词作主语

例12._Tocomplete_(complete)theprojectasplanned,wellhavetoworktwo

morehoursaday.

彳列13.Theyoungstudentdidall(thathecould)_t°pass_(pass)theexaminations.

例14.Somepeoplesaythatoldestchildren,(whoaresmartandstrong-willed),are

verylikely_tosucceed_(success).

例15.Hesawthestone,_saying_(say)tohimself:Z/Thenightwillbeverydark."

例16.Therewillbeameeting,__starting_(start)laterthisyeartoreviewthefilm.

例17........Lessons(_learned_(learn)insports)canhelpusinourdealingwithother

people.

例18.At9:07pm,Sept.25,TheShenzhouVIIspacecraftwasliftedbythelongMarch

II-Fcarrierrocketintospace.ThelaunchoftheShenzhouVIIisChina'sthird

mannedspaceventuresinceOctober23,whenitjoinedRussiaandtheUnited

Statesastheonlycountries_tohavesent_(send)astronautsintospace.

注意：名词前有first,second,…last,only修饰时，后面要用todo/tohave

done做后置定语。

注意：非谓语结构中出现have,表示非谓语动作发生在谓语动作

之前。四、句子缺主

语/宾语，应该补名词/代词

Ithasbeensaidbefore,butexperiencingitmyselfhasmade_me_

wanttosayitagain:asmilecancrossalllanguagebarriers.

句型：AmadeBdoC

A让B做C这件事儿

Arealtrialbegan(whenIstood)(ontheplatform)(withmylegs)(trembling)and

(withmymindblank).---GraduallyIfound_myself_back,givingoutmyspeech

withdifficulty.

反身代词：返回来说自身——当主语是我，宾语也是我时，宾语的我用myself

英语句子有三个最基本结构：

1、有什么Therebe+n.+doingsth.

2、谁干了什么sbdosth.

3^谁是什么sbissth

a/an/themy/your/his/her/theirthis/that/these/those

五、名词前加限定词(冠词、形容词性物主代词、指示代词)

Wehad_an_amazingconversation.

Sheapologized(forthemistake)andgaveusaspareVIProom(on_the_topfloor).

Ayoungman,(whiletravelingthroughadesert),cameacrossaspring泉(ofclear

water)._The_waterwassweet.

最简单做题法：

翻译成“一”，用a/an

翻译成“那”，用the

翻译成“你的”，用your

翻译成“这个”用this

翻译成“这些"用these

院下列情况很可能填不定冠词a/an：

⑴+可数名词（单数）；

⑵+形容词+可数名词（单数）。

Itwasmid-afternoonandIhadbeenlisteningtotheradioandreading_a_book.

A下列情况下很可能填定冠词the：

⑴(+定语)+名词+of等介词短语(表示特指)；

⑵(+定语)+名词+定语从句(表示特指)；

⑶(+定语)+名词+不定式短语或分词短语(表示特指)。

(4)+first/1ast/only/most+名词

Whenitwastimetoleave,Isaid"thankyou"inKorean,usingsomeof_the_few

words(Ihadlearned).

Now,yearslater,thisriverisoneof_the_mostoutstandingexamples(of

environmentalclean-up).

Itwasprobablythefactthatshesatin_the_lastrow.

六、动词原形前加助动词(will/shall/does/do/did)/情态动词/to

Thenthedriverstoodupandasked,〃_Did_anyoneloseasuitcaseatthelaststop?

Awomanonthebusshouted,“Oh,dear!It's_mine_(l).〃

七、修饰名词或作表语，用形容词

So,Kmverycarefulnottogiveoutmy_personal_(person)information.

Thatwouldbeavery_reasonable_(reason)thingtodoinabigcity

Justbe_patient_(patience).

Finally,thathardworkpaidoffandnowthewaterintheriveris_cleaner_(clean)

thanever.

八、提示词是形容词，很可能要变副词(修饰动词、形容词、副词、整句)

■Hemustbe_mentally_(mental)disabled.

■Whenwewerewonderingwhattodo,themanagercameout.Shewas

_surprisingly_(surprise)helpful.

■Theboyfinishedbysaying,“BeforethetripIthoughtwewererichbuttoday

Ilearntwhois_truly_(true)rich.”Withthis,theboygot

upandwalkedaway,leavinghisfathersittingontheircomfortablesofa,totally

_speechless形容就修饰爸爸—(speech).

■Butarecentstudysawthingsquite_differently___(different).

■Histeachertookadeepdrink,smiled_warmly_(warm),and

thankedhisstudentverymuchforthesweetwater.•The

riverwassopollutedthatit_actually_(actual)caughtfireand

burned.

■Butsuchasmallthingcouldn't_possibly_(possible)destroyavillage.

Everyoneonthebusbegantalkingaboutwhattheboyhaddone,andthecrowd

ofstrangers_suddenly_(sudden)becamefriendlytooneanother.

JJrunsxiervfast.

程度副词

副词用法：

(1)作用：修饰动词/形容词/副词/整句

(2)位置：句子前，句子后，be后实前助实间

Slowly,Iwentout.

Iwentoutslowly.

JJisundoubtedlyanuglyteacher.

Islowlywentout.

Iwasslowlywalkingout.

九、形容词/副词的比较级、最高级

41、碰到as选原级，碰到than选比较级，in/of/among最高级

Wewerebothlaughingthewholetimeatourcompleteinabilitytocommunicate

inwords.Ifelt_lesslonely-(lonely)thanIhadexpectedthatnight.

A2、修饰比较级:far,alittle,abit,much,alot,agreatdeal,any,even,still,

slightly

JJbecomesfar/alittle/abit/much/alot/agreatdealuglier.

DoesJJbecomeanyuglier?

Yes,hebecomesevenuglierthanbefore.

JJisstilluglierthanPP.

Infact,JJisslightlyuglierthanPP.

Oneday,hecameupwithanideathathewouldpluckupallofhiscropafew

inches.Hedidsothenextday.Hewasverytiredafterdoingthisforawholeday,

buthefeltveryhappysincethecropdid“grow"_higher_(high).

Finesnowcoveredtheyard,dustedthetopofmytruckandwhitenedtheroad.

Butthatwasn'tthe_worst_(bad)part.Alltherainfromyesterdayhadfrozen

solid——coatingtheneedlesonthetreesinfantasticpatterns,andmakingthe

drivewayveryslippery.

十、连接名词或代词时，用介词

介词唯一的语法：跟名词！！！！！

A如果将“(+限定词)+名词”或“+代词”结构去掉，句子

剩余部分仍然结构完整时，空格处填介词

Onedayarichmantookhissononatriptothecountry.Hewantedtoshowhis

sonhowthepoorlivedsohecouldbethankful(_for_hiswealth).

Theonlyreasonamanwouldsellsalt_at_alowerpricewouldbebecausehewas

desperateformoney.Andanyonewhotookadvantageofthatsituationwouldbe

showingalackofrespect_for_thesweatandstruggleofthemanwhoworkedvery

hardtoproduceit.”

A填介词时，除了考虑与其后名词的搭配，还要考虑与前面的动词、形容词

的搭配。

Ididn/tunderstand_why_thiswouldhappenandmycreditcardhadalready

beencharged_for_thereservation.

for

介词：因为，为了，过多久

连词：因为

十一、It结构考辨认

(1)it作形式主语

It+is+adj+(that从句/todo)

这件事儿是什么样子的，什么事儿呢？……

Janewaswalkingroundthedepartmentstore.Sheremembered(howdifficult

_it_was)(tochooseasuitableChristmaspresent)(forher

father).

Ittookyearsofwork_toreducejreduce)theindustrialpollutionandclean洁净

thewater.

(2)it作形式宾语

Sbthink/find/believeit+adj+(that从句/todo)

某人认为/发现/相信这件事是什么样子的，什么事儿呢？……

Ithink_it_goodtohaveabalanceofviewpoints.

平衡意见

(3)it替代前文的内容。

Itissaidthatashort-temperedman(intheSongDynasty)(960—1279)was

veryanxious(tohelphisricecropgrowupquickly).Hewasthinkingabout_it_

dayandnight.

这件事被说（什么事儿呢）一个急脾气的男人在宋朝非常焦急去帮助他的稻子

长高得快。

十二、并列结构必出题3~~2M8~~结构中，A和B结构相同含义相似)

Isometimesorderproductsorserviceonline(tosavemoneyandtime)(insteadof

goingtoastoreand_buying__(buy)whatI'mlookingfor).Forafamilyoffour,

thisismoreconvenientaswellas_cheaper_(cheap)tosit_comfortably_

(comfortable)athome.

Beingveryshortofmoneyandwantingtodosomethinguseful,Iapplied,fearing

asIdidso,that_without_adegreeandwithnoexperienceofteachingmychances

ofgettingthejobwereslim.

Valentine'sDayisthetimeoftheyearwhencouplesshowtheirloveforeach

otherbysendingcards,flowersandchocolates.Itsoriginsare_unclear_(clear)and

hiddenintheriveroftime.NobodyknowsexactlywhoSt.Valentinewas***

【看清并列两项的逻辑关系】

•Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop,_and_someofthemlooked

veryanxiousand_disappointed_(disappoint).

•Buttheriverwasn'tchanged(inafewdays)_or_(evenafewmonths).

•Gotothevillageandbuysomesalt,butpayafairpriceforit:neithertoomuch

_nor___toolittle.

•We_weretold_(tell)thatourroomshadn'tbeenreservedforthatweek,_but_

fortheweekafter.

十三、固定搭配须积累

Igotaplacenext__to__thewindow,soIhadagoodviewofthesidewalk.

Inthebeginning,therewasonly__a___verysmallamountofunfairnessinthe

world,buteveryoneaddedalittle,always___thinking___

(think)thatitwasonlysmallandnotveryimportant,andlookwherewehaveended

uptoday.”

十四、三大从句靠翻译

若两个句子(两个主谓结构)之间，没有句号或分号，也没有连词，那空格处必

定是填连接词，否则，句子结构就不完整。

•Nick'sguests,_who_hadheardtheirconversation,askedwhytheyshouldnot

buysaltmorecheaplyiftheycould.定从修饰人

•Hefilledhisleathercontainersothathecouldbringsomeb