专题16 阅读理解 考点3 说明文-2022年中考英语真题分项汇编 （全国通用）（第1期）（解析版）

专题16阅读理解

考点3说明文

（一）（2022•新疆•中考真题）

WhydidChinesepeoplehavemorethanonenameinancienttimes?

InancientChina,people'snameshadthreeparts,theirfamilyname,givennameandcourtesy

name.TakefamouspoetLiBaiforexample.Hisfamilyname,whichcamefromhisfather^name,

wasLi.HisgivennamewasBai,andhiscourtesynamewasTaibai.

Peopleusedtheirgivennameswhentheywereamongfamilymembers.Butinsociallife,

theycalledeachotherbytheircourtesynamestoshowrespect.Thiswasmostlydoneamong

peopleofsimilarage.Ifyouweretalkingaboutyourself,orifyoureldersweretalkingaboutyou,

thegivennamewouldbeusedinsteadofthecourtesyname.

Menwouldgettheircourtesynameswhentheyturned20.Itwasasymbolofadulthood（成

年礼）.Womenwouldgettheircourtesynamesaftergettingmamed.

One'scourtesynameoftenhadsomethingtodowithone'sgivenname.Forexample,the

nameofMenciuswasMengKe.HiscourtesynamewasZiyu.BothKeandZiyumean"carriage

（马车户.ZhugeLiang'sgivennamewasLiang,whichmeans“bright”.Hiscourtesynamewas

Kongming,whichmeans"verybright”.

42.Howmanypartsarethereinpeople'snamesinancientChina?

A.3.B.4.C.5.D.6.

43.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“courtesy“inParagraph2meaninChinese?

A.名B.姓氏C.字D.昵称

44.Whydidpeoplecalleachotherbytheircourtesynamesinsociallife?

A.Toshowtheirlove.B.Toshowtheirgoodrelationship.

C.Toshowtheirkindness.D.Toshowtheirrespect.

45.Whatwouldbeusedifyoureldersweretalkingaboutyouaccordingtothepassage?

A.Familyname.B.Nickname.C.Givenname.D.Courtesyname.

46.What'sthemainideaofthepassage?

A.ThefamouspoetLiBai.B.Threepartsofancientnames.

C.Theancientnamesandthemodemnames.D.Thedevelopmentofnames.

【答案】42.A

43.C

44.D

45.C

46.B

【解析】

【导语】

本文主要介绍了古代人名字的组成部分以及它所代表的意义。

42.

细节理解题。根据"InancientChina,people'snameshadthreeparts,theirfamilyname,given

nameandcourtesyname”可知，名字有三部分，故选A。

43.

词义猜测题。根据前文“InancientChina,people'snameshadthreeparts,theirfamilyname,

givennameandcourtesyname”可知，三部分包括了姓,名和字，所以courtesy表示"字''，故

选C。

44.

细节理解题。根据"Butinsociallife,theycalledeachotherbytheircourtesynamestoshow

respect”可知，他们互相称呼对方的尊称以示尊重，故选D。

45.

细节理解题。根据“orifyoureldersweretalkingaboutyou,thegivennamewouldbeusedinstead

ofthecourtesyname”可知，如果长者谈论你会用名来称呼，故选Co

46.

主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了古代人名字的组成部分以及它所代表的意义，

故选Bo

（二）（2022•安徽•中考真题）

Haveyoueverseenlionsdancinginthestreets?Thelionsdancetothebeatofadrum（鼓）.

Ofcourse,theyarenotreallions.Theyaredancersinlioncostumes（月艮饰）.Liondancingfirst

startedinChinacenturiesago.Itismeanttobringgoodluckinthecomingyear.

Usually,alionismadeupoftwodancers.Onedancercontrolsthehead.Theothercontrols

thetail.

“Ithinkofitasasport,“saysAnthonyHuang,aged16.HeisamemberoftheNewYork

ChineseFreemasonsAthleticClub.Anthonyperforms俵演）asthelion'shead.Itcanweigh20

pounds.LiondancingisimportanttoAnthony."Thistraditionreallyliftsmeup,“hesays.

Inthepast,liondancingwasperformedmostlybymen.Butitisdifferenttoday.

LionDanceMeisaliondancinggroupinSanFrancisco,California.Thereareboysandgirlsonits

team.Theydancetogether.

“Anyonecantakeupliondancing.Youhavetobelievethatyoucandoit,“saysAnanda

Tang-Lee,a17-year-oldgirl.

Liondancingwillcontinuetoevolve.Butateam'ssenseofcommunitywillneverchange.

“Wecallitafamily,Anandasays,"It'sreallygreat,becausewealwayshaveeachother'sbacks.”

34.Whydopeopleperformliondancing?

A.Toselllion-dancingcostumes.B.Towishforaluckynewyear.

C.Toprotectthelionsinthewild.D.Toshowskillsofplayingthedrum.

35.WhichroledoesAnthonyplayinliondancing?

A.Thelion'shead.B.Thelion'stail.C.Thedrummer.D.Thedresser.

36.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"evolve"mean?

A.延期B.模仿C.举办D.演变

37.Whatcanweinfer（推断）fromAnanda'swords“Wecallitafamily”?

A.Theybringhappinesstothefamily.B.Theycallliondancingafamilygame.

C.Theylivetogetherinabigfamily.D.Theysupporteachotherlikeafamily.

【答案】34.B

35.A

36.D

37.D

【解析】

【导语】

本文主要介绍了中国的传统舞狮，它在不断地演变，也获得了很多人的喜爱。

34.

细节理解题。根据“Itismeanttobringgoodluckinthecomingyear.”可知舞狮意在来年带来好

运。故选B。

35.

细节理解题。根据“Anthonyperforms（表演）asthelion'shead”可知他扮演狮头。故选A。

36.

词义猜测题。根据“Inthepast,liondancingwasperformedmostlybymen.Butitisdifferent

today”以及“Liondancingwillcontinuetoevolve”可知舞狮过去只有男性扮演，现在男性和女

性都可以，说明舞狮在不断地演变，故此处划线部分意为“演变故选D。

37.

推理判断题。根据"Wecallitafamily,Anandasays,"It'sreallygreat,becausewealwayshave

eachother'sbacks”可知他们把它叫作家庭，因为他们总是互相支持。故选D。

（三）（2022•安徽•中考真题）

AteamofscientistsarecarryingoutaprojectattheUniversityofGreenwichinLondon.

TheyaretryingtofindwaystomakefoodonMars（火星）inthefuture.Theprojectiscalled

FeedingMars.Ittriestousewater,fishandfishwastetogrowfruitandvegetablesonMars.

Itwouldtakeatleast21monthstoreachMars,learnaboutitssurfaceandreturntoEarth.So

itwouldbeabighelpifthespacemencouldgrowfreshfoodonMarsitself.

FarmingonMars,however,willbeveryhard.There'splentyofwaterthatcouldbetaken

fromicejustbelowthesurface,butthelandonMarsismissingthenutrients（养分）thatliving

thingsneed.Theteamsaythattheycouldsolvetheproblembygrowingplantsandfishtogether.

Fishwastecanthenbeusedtoprovidenutrientsforplants.

“Itisexpectedthatyoucangrowlotsoffood,suchasvegetables,salads,teasandmedicinal

plantsonMars,"saidDrBenzKotzen,wholeadstheproject.44Youcanevenharvest（捕获）fish

forfoodthen.^^

42.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"It"inParagraph1referto（指的是）?

A.Thefuture.B.Theproject.C.Theland.D.Theplanet.

43.WhatmakesitdifficulttofarmonMars?

A.Icebelowthesurface.B.Toomuchfishwaste.

C.Themissingoflivingthings.D.Thepoorlandcondition.

44.HowdoesDrBenzKotzenfeelaboutFeedingMars?

A.Hopeful.B.Doubtful.C.Surprised.D.Funny.

【答案】42.B

43.D

44.A

【解析】

【导语】

本文是一篇说明文，介绍“喂养火星'’这一项目。

42.

推理判断题。根据“TheprojectiscalledFeedingMars.Ittriestousewater,fishandfishwasteto

growfruitandvegetablesonMars.”可知，这个项目被称为“喂养火星”，它试图利用水、鱼和

鱼的废物在火星上种植水果和蔬菜。此处it指的是“喂养火星''这个项目，故选B。

43.

细节理解题。根据"butthelandonMarsismissingthenutrients（养分）thatlivingthingsneed”可

知，火星上的土地缺少生物所需的营养物质，故选D。

44.

推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，本茨・科岑博士认为人们预计可以在火星上种植很多

食物，甚至可以捕鱼，所以他认为这个项目是非常有前景和希望的。故选A。

Thenightskyisourearliestlibrary.There,westoredourknowledge,andpasseditdown

aroundthefire,beforeweinventedthewrittenword.

Iremembergoingtothelocaluniversityforanastronomy（天文学）nightwhenIwasachild.

Thatnight,IsawSaturn,oneoftheplanets,anditsringswithmyowneyesforthefirsttime.The

ringsshonebrightagainsttheblacknessofspaceandsuddenlytheuniverse（宇宙）wasn't

somethingthatyouonlyreadaboutorimaginedinyourhead.Itwasrightthere,andyouwerea

partofit.Thatmomentispriceless.

Whilestarlightisgood,lightpollutionhereonEarthcanbearealproblem.Forthepast200

yearsorso,wehaveusedtoomuchelectricity（电）tomakethenightbrighter.However,brighter

doesn'tusuallymeanbetter,especiallywhenalotofthatlightshinesupintotheskywherenoone

needsit.

Luckily,somecitieshavetakenactions,likesettingupnewdownward-directinglightsalong

thestreets.Ihopethatmorecitieswilljoininandcontinuethepracticeofcontrollingunnecessary

lighting,sothatmoreofuscanwatchthenightskyinawayhumanshaveforthousandsofyears.

45.Whatisthenightskycomparedto?

A.Abook.B.Theearth.C.Alibrary.D.Theuniverse

46.Howdidthewriterfindtheastronomynight?

A.Itopenedhiseyes.B.Itcontrolledhismind.

C.Itwasarealproblem.D.Ittookhimtoomuchtime.

47.Whatdoesthewriterhopefor?

A.Abrighternight.B.Lessuseoflighting.

C.Morepersonalspace.D.Abettereducation.

【答案】45.C

46.A

47.B

【解析】

【导语】

本文主要介绍了现在夜晚灯光太多，造成了光污染，作者希望人们能够采取行动，减少不必

要灯光，减少光污染。

45.

细节理解题。根据“Thenightskyisourearliestlibrary”可知作者把夜空比作了图书馆。故选C。

46.

推理判断题。根据"Theringsshonebrightagainsttheblacknessofspaceandsuddenlythe

universe（宇宙）wasn'tsomethingthatyouonlyreadaboutorimaginedinyourhead”可知这些光

环在黑暗的太空中闪耀着光芒，突然之间，宇宙不再是只能在脑海中阅读或想象的东西，由

此可推知那天晚上拓宽了作者的视野。故选A。

47.

细节理解题。根据“Ihopethatmorecitieswilljoininandcontinuethepracticeofcontrolling

unnecessarylighting”可知作者希望更多的城市加入并继续控制不必要的照明。故选B。

（五）（2022•广东广州•中考真题）

Whenyouandyourfriendsturntoeachothertotalkaboutproblemsortroubles,yougive

eachotheradviceandhelp.Oneimportantthingofourgrowthistomakedecisionstohelpour

friendsandlearntosupporteachother.Thisrequiresustolearnwhatitmeanstohelpfriendsand

howtohelptheminrightways.

Thefirststeptowardhelpingothersistoidentifythattheyneedhelp.Weallknowthat

difficultiesarepartofourdailylives.However,sometimessmallthingscanleadtomoreserious

problemsthatrequiremorehelp.Ifsimportanttomakesurewhentohelpafriend.Forexample,

youmaypickupsomesignsthatyourfriendsarenotactinglikethemselves.Thesesignsshow

theymaynotbewell.

Thenextsteptowardhelpingothersistolisten.Payingattentiontootherswhilelisteningis

veryimportantthroughoutourlife.Whenwecommunicatewithothers,weneedtolearnwhento

speakandwhennotto.Aslisteners,weshouldtrytounderstandwhatthespeakersarefeelingor

experiencingandtrytoseethingsfromtheirperspectives.Listeningandpayingattentiontoothers

whentheyspeakisasignofrespectandaskillthatwillleadtodeeperandbetterrelationships.

26.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?

A.Todiscusswhypeoplehelpeachother.B.Todescribetheproblemsofgivinghelp.

C.Tointroducetheadvantagesofgivinghelp.D.Toexplainhowwecanhelpothersproperly.

27.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"identify“inparagraph2mean?

A.Require.B.Discover.C.Suggest.D.Remember.

28.Whatisthemainideaofparagraph3?

A.Actasagoodlistenertoyourfriends.B.Learnhowtogiveadvicetoyourfriends.

C.Payattentiontoyourfriends,unusualacts.D.Buildgoodrelationshipswithyourfriends.

29.Accordingtothewriter,whatshouldyoudoifyourfriendsdon'tfollowyouradviceontheir

seriousproblems?

A.Keeptheirproblemsassecrets.B.Letthemmaketheirowndecisions.

C.Findoutthecausesoftheirproblems.D.Gethelpfromtheirtrustedteachers.

【答案】26.D

27.B

28.A

29.C

【解析】

【导语】

本文讲述用正确的方式帮助朋友的建议。

26.

推理判断题。根据第一段“Thisrequiresustoleamwhatitmeanstohelpfriendsandhowtohelp

theminrightways”可知，文章主要为了讲述帮助朋友意味着什么，怎样以正确的方式帮助朋

友。故选D。

27.

词义猜测题。根据第二段"It'simportanttomakesurewhentohelpafriend.Forexample,you

maypickupsomesignsthatyourfriendsarenotactinglikethemselves.Thesesignsshowthey

maynotbewell”可知，确认什么时候帮助朋友是重要的，“identify”表达“识别，确认”，相当

于"discover”。故选B。

28.

段落大意题。根据"Thenextsteptowardhelpingothersistolisten.Payingattentiontoothers

whilelisteningisveryimportantthroughoutourli佗”可知，第三段讲述帮助朋友接下来的一步

是做一个好的聆听者。故选A。

29.

推理判断题。根据第三段“Aslisteners,weshouldtrytounderstandwhatthespeakersarefeeling

orexperiencingandtrytoseethingsfromtheirperspectives”可知，如果在很严重的问题上朋友

不听取你的建议，你应该努力弄懂朋友的感受和经历，努力从他们的角度看问题。可知需要

弄清楚问题的原因。故选C。

（六）（2022•广东广州•中考真题）

CharlesDarwin

Earlyyears

CharlesDarwinwasoneofthesixchildrenfromabigfamily.Hisgrandfatherandfather

weredoctorsandtheyoungDarwinwenttoEdinburghUniversitytostudymedicine.However,he

hatedtoseebloodandhesoonrealizedthathecouldn'tbeadoctor.HethenwenttoCambridge

Universityanddiscoveredthathehadagreatinterestinstudyingplants,insectsandanimals.

Luckily,oneofDarwin'suniversityteachershelpedhim,jointheperfecttripforabiologist:a

voyagearoundtheworldtostudynature.

TheBeagle

In1831,CharlesDarwinleftPlymouthonTheBeagle,ashipthattookhimaroundtheworld

forfiveyears.Whilehewastravelling,hestudiedtheplantsandanimalsinthecountriesandon

theislandsthattheshipvisited.DarwinalsospenthistimeonTheBeaglewritingnotesaboutthe

thingshehadseen.WhenhefinallyarrivedbackinBritain,Darwinwasalreadystartingtocreate

hisfamoustheorythatalllivingthingshadacommonancestor（祖先）.

Downhouse

AthomeatDownHouse,aplacethatyoucanstillvisittoday,Darwinwrotemanyarticles

andbooksabouthistravels,buthedidn'twanttomakeanythingabouthistheoryknowntothe

public.Heworkedinhisstudy,wherehewrote250,000wordsabouthistheoryofevolution（进化

论），buthewasfrightenedaboutwhatpeoplemightsayabouthisideathatmonkeyswerethe

ancestorsofhumans.Hethoughtthepublicwouldbeagainstitandwassofrightenedthathe

becameillwithworry.However,whenanotherscientiststartedtowriteaboutsimilarideas,

Darwindecidedtoprinthisbook,OntheOriginofSpecies.

MostscientistsacceptedDarwin'stheoryandpeoplecontinuetostudyittoday.On12th

February,thedayhewasborn,DarwinDayiscelebratedaroundtheworldtoencouragemore

peopletostudythenaturalworld.

34.WhatcausedDarwintogiveuphisstudyofmedicine?

A.Hedidn9tlikeseeingblood.B.Hefoundthestudiestoodifficult.

C.Hewaspushedtogiveupbyhisfamily.D.Hewasadvisedtostudynaturalscience.

35.WhywasthetriponTheBeagleimportanttoDarwin?

A.Ithelpedhimtofinishhisstudyattheuniversity.

B.Itallowedhimtochangehismindabouthisfuture.

C.Itgavehimideasaboutthebeginningsofhumanlife.

D.Itgothimtocompletehismostfamousbookontheship.

36.InwhatorderdidthefollowinghappeninDarwin'slife?

a.HearrivedbackinBritainin1836.

b.Hethoughtthepublicwouldnotsupporthisideas.

c.Hebecameinterestedinstudyingthenaturalworld.

d.Heprintedhisfamousbook,OntheOriginofSpecies.

e.Hereceivedhelptogetaplaceonatriparoundtheworld,

f.Hestudiedtheplantsandanimalsontheislandshevisited.

A.e-―>c-―>b->dB.c->c-—>b->dC.c-■—->c->d->bD.c->c—~~>d->a—>b

37.Whydidthewriterincludethelastparagraph?

A.TointroduceDarwin'sfamousbook.

B.TotellhowpeoplecelebrateDarwinDay.

C.ToexplainwhypeopleacceptDarwin'sideas.

D.ToshowDarwin'sinfluenceonnaturalscience.

【答案】34.A

35.C

36.B

37.D

【解析】

【导语】

本文讲述达尔文早期的学习和旅行经历，讲述达尔文研究自然世界，并完成《物种起源》的

经历。

34.

细节理解题。根据第一段"hehatedtoseebloodandhesoonrealizedthathecouldn'tbeadoctor”

可知，达尔文讨厌看到血，所以放弃了学医。故选A。

35.

细节理解题。根据第二段“DarwinalsospenthistimeonTheBeaglewritingnotesaboutthe

thingshehadseen.WhenhefinallyarrivedbackinBritain,Darwinwasalreadystartingtocreate

hisfamoustheorythatalllivingthingshadacommonancestor”可知，达尔文在“小猎户号”船上

的旅行，让他开始创造他有名的理论，他认为所有的生物都有一个共同的祖先。故选C。

36.

推理判断题。根据“hehadagreatinterestinstudyingplants,insectsandanimals”可知，他对学

习自然世界感兴趣。根据"oneofDarwin'suniversityteachershelpedhim,jointheperfecttripfor

abiologist:avoyagearoundtheworldtostudynature”可知，他得到帮助可以去环球航行。根据

“hestudiedtheplantsandanimalsinthecountriesandontheislandsthattheshipvisited”可知，他

在岛上研究植物和动物。根据"WhenhefinallyarrivedbackinBritain”可知，他回到英国。根

据“hewasfrightenedaboutwhatpeoplemightsayabouthisideathatmonkeysweretheancestors

ofhumans”可知，他认为大众不会支持他的想法。根据"Darwindecidedtoprinthisbook,Onthe

OriginofSpecies”可知，他出版了他的书《物种起源》。正确的顺序是c—e-f—a—>b—>d。故

选B。

37.

推理判断题。根据最后一段“DarwinDayiscelebratedaroundtheworldtoencouragemore

peopletostudythenaturalworld”可知，达尔文日是为了鼓励更多的人研究自然科学。可推断

最后一段是为了展示达尔文在自然科学上的影响。故选D。

（七）（2022•广东广州•中考真题）

TheWorldoff\

Orienteering/

Imagineyouare

inanewcity.Youasksomeonehowtogettoabookstore.Theytellyoutogostraight,turnleft,

andyouwillfinditonyourleft.Infact,youcanalsofindyourwaywithaphone.Nowimagine

youareinanoutdoorgame.Youonlyhaveamapandacompass,andinsteadofrunningdowna

cityroad,youmayneedtorunaroundinthewoods,climboverrocksandgoupanddownhills.

Welcometoorienteering!

Inthegameoforienteering,playersuseamapandacompasstofindstations.Thesestations

arecalledcontrols.Aspecialflag,usuallyinbrightcolours,markseachcontrol.Controlsarenot

easytofind.Theymaybeinfrontofabigrockorbehindatree.Inmostofthegames,youUlhave

tofindcontrolsinnumberedorder,butinsomegamesyoucanchangetheorder.

Ateachcontrol,playersmarkacardtheycarrywiththemandthecardwillbemarkedin

differentways(SeeFigure1).Thecardsareveryimportantbecauseplayersmustfindallthe

controlstowin.Ifsomeonemissesacontrol,theywon'thavethatmarkontheircards.Theymight

crossthefinishlinefirst,butthenextpersontofinishwithafullcardwillwinthegame.

OrienteeringControlCard

Name

Starttime

CourseAgeClass

Finishtime©

CultureNote:Thefirstcompasswas

12345inventedbyancientChinesepeople.It

6

*•••■helpsyoufindyourwaybyalways

••••••••••

pointingtotheNorth.

7891112

10

•••

••：••••••••

Figure1

38.Whatwillplayerscarryinthegame?

A.Amap,acompassandaflag.B.Aflag,acompassandacard.

C.Acompass,amapandacard.D.Aphone,acompassandamap.

39.Whichofthefollowingisaruleofthegame?

A.Youdon'tneedtomarkthecards.

B.Youcan'tmissanyofthecontrolstowin.

C.Youhavetofindcontrolsinnumberedorder.

D.Youmustbethefirsttopassthefinishlinetowin.

40.HowmanycontrolshasAnnafinishedinthegame?

A.9.B.10.C.11.D.12.

【答案】38.C

39.B

40.B

【解析】

【导语】

本文讲述定向运动游戏的具体操作说明。

38.

细节理解题。根据“Inthegameoforienteering,playersuseamapandacompasstofindstations^^

及“Ateachcontrol,playersmarkacardtheycarrywiththemandthecardwillbemarkedin

di的rentways”可知，在游戏中，需要携带一张地图，一个指南针和一张卡片。故选C。

39.

推理判断题。根据"Ifsomeonemissesacontrol,theywon'thavethatmarkontheircard”,可知

如果错过了一个控制点，就不会在卡片上得到那个得分，可知不能错过赢的任何控制点。故

选B。

40.

推理判断题。根据表格的控制点有1到5,7到9,以及11到12,可知共完成10个控制点。

故选B。

（A）（2022・湖南衡阳•中考真题）

AbigsandstormhitnorthernChinaseveralmonthsago.Itcoveredmanycitieswiththick

cloudsofyellowdust（尘土）.

Thestorm,whichcamefromMongolia,wasthelargestsandstorminChinainthepast10

years.Manyflightsandclasseswerecanceledbecausethevisibility（自言见度）waslowerthan500

meters.

Thestormwastheresultofwarmanddryweatherinthearea,togetherwiththestrongwinds

fromMongolia."Therehasbeenlittlerainfallsofarthisspringandthetemperatureisrising.So

nowitisaworryingtimeforsandstorms.,,saidanexpertfromBeijing.

Inrecentyears,sandstormshaven5tbeenascommoninnorthernChinaasbefore.Theland

withdesertification（沙漠化）hasbeenfallingby7,585km2peryearinChina,andtheareaof

sandylandhasbeendecreasingby1,284km2ayear.ThisisthankstoChina'sThree-NorthShelter

ForestProgram（TNSFP三北防护林工程）whichstartedinthe1970s.Millionsoftreeshavebeen

plantedinnorthernChinatopreventsandstormsandprotecttheenvironment.

Besides,Chinahasacolor-gradedweatherwarningsystem（预警系统）forsandstorms,with

redmeaningthemostserious,followedbyorangeandyellow.Therefore,peoplewouldhavetime

togetpreparedforthesandstorm.

Sandstonn）kiloineicr

Severe<5（X11'netvrx

sandstorm

Supersevere<50meters

sandstomi

21.WhatcausedthesandstormfromMongolia?

A.Coldandwetweathertogetherwiththestrongwinds.

B.Warm,dryweatherandthestrongwinds.

C.Warm,wetweatherandthestrongwinds.

22.Theunderlinedword“decreasing"means”

A.goingupB.puttingdownC.goingdown

23.WhendidTNSFPstart?

A.Inthe1970s.B.Inthe1980s.C.Inthe1960s.

24.Ifthevisibilityinyourcityis700meters,whatcolorwillthewarningbe?

A.Red.B.Orange.C.Yellow

25.Whatcanweinfer（推断）fromthepassage?

A.Wehavetakensomeactionstopreventsandstorms.

B.Sandstormshaveneverchanged.

C.Theweatherisgettingworseandworse.

【答案】21.B

22.C

23.A

24.C

25.A

【解析】

【导语】

本文主要介绍了沙尘暴对人们的影响以及中国在抗击沙尘暴方面做了什么。

21.

细节理解题。根据"Thestormwastheresultofwarmanddryweatherinthearea,togetherwith

thestrongwindsfromMongolia.”可知，来自蒙古的沙尘暴是由温暖干燥的天气和强风导致的。

故选Bo

22.

词句猜测题。根据“Thelandwithdesertification（沙漠化）hasbeenfallingby7,585km2peryear

inChina,andtheareaofsandylandhasbeendecreasingby1,284km2ayear.“可知，中国沙漠化

土地每年减少7585平方公里，沙地面积每年减少1284平方公里。decreasing此处表示“减少”，

与goingdown“下降”同义。故选C。

23.

细节理解题。根据"ThisisthankstoChina'sThree-NorthShelterForestProgram（TNSFP三北防

护林工程）whichstartedinthe1970s.”可知，三北防护林工程于20世纪70年代开始的。故选

Ao

24.

细节理解题。根据“withredmeaningthemostserious,followedbyorangeandyellow.”可知，红

色表示最严重，对应“Superseveresandstomi”，其次是橙色和黄色。如果所在城市的能见度

为700米，那么应该属于“Sandstorm”,对应的颜色应该是黄色。故选C。

25.

推理判断题。根据"MillionsoftreeshavebeenplantedinnorthernChinatopreventsandstorms

andprotecttheenvironment”可知，为了防止沙尘暴和保护环境，中国北方种植了数百万棵树。

因此我们已经采取了一些措施来防止沙尘暴。故选A。

（九）（2022•河北・中考真题）

Presentation（展示）skillsareimportantatschoolandinotherareasoflife.Somepeopledon't

likegivingpresentationsbecausetheydon'tknowwhattosayorbecausetheygetnervousabout

publicspeaking.Here'ssomeadvicetohelpyoumakepresentationseasierandmoreenjoyable.

1.Getorganised

Thebestpresentationsarewellplannedandclearlyorganized.Thinkabouttopics（话题）and

chooseaproperone.Inonetopic,threeorfourmainideaswillbefine.Thebeginningofyour

presentationshouldbeinteresting.Forexample,youcantellashort,funnystorytomakepeople

laugh.

2.Usephotosorvideos

Trytousephotosorvideos.Thesethingsmakeyourperformancemoreexcitingandhelpyou

rememberwhatyou'regoingtosay.However,youshouldn'tusetoomany.The"star"ofyour

presentationshouldbeyou,notyourphotosorvideos.

3.Practicebeforeyourperformance

Youneedtopracticemanytimesbeforethe“bigday”.Practicesayinganyunusualwords.

Thenwritethemainideasonsmallcardstohelpyouremember.Practiceinfrontofamirrorand

timeyourpresentation.Finally,youcanrecordyourperformanceoraskafriendtowatchyouand

thenmakesuggestionsforimprovements.

4.Connectwithyouraudience（观众）

Alwayslookattheaudiencewhenyouspeak.Standupstraight,butdon'tstandstillormove

aroundmuch.Finally,besuretothankyouraudiencewhenyoufinishspeaking.It'sasimplebut

goodwaytoendanypresentation.

27.Howcanyouinterestyourlistenersatthebeginning?

A.Bylistingyourideas.B.Bytellingafunnystory.

C.Bystandingupstraight.D.Bysayingsimplewords.

28.Whichisthe“bigday"accordingtothetext?

A.Thedayyoupreparevideos.B.Thedayyougetsomeadvice.

C.Thedayyouvisityourfriends.D.Thedayyoumakeapresentation.

29.Whatisthegoodwaytoendyourpresentation?

A.Torepeattopics.B.Toshowthanks.

C.Tomakesuggestions.D.Tosharemainideas.

30.Whichquestioncouldbesthelpusfindoutthewriter'spurpose?

A.Didthewritertrytoteachusskills?

B.Didthewriterhelpusunderstandideas?

C.Didthewriterinviteustoattendacourse?

D.Didthewriteraskustobepoliteinpublic?

【答案】27.B

28.D

29.B

30.A

【解析】

【导语】

本文介绍了一些使演讲更容易、更有趣的建议。

27.

名田」节理解题。根据“Thebeginningofyourpresentationshouldbeinteresting.Forexample,you

cantellashort,funnystorytomakepeoplelaugh.”可知，通过讲一个有趣的故事，你可以让听

众在一开始就感兴趣。故选B。

28.

词句猜测题。根据"Practicebeforeyourperfbrmance"和"Youneedtopracticemanytimesbefore

the“bigday”.”可知，此处“bigday”应该指进行