高考英语词汇构词法集萃

高考英语词汇构词法集萃一.转化法即兼类词，在不同的语境中，名词动用，动词名用等。例如：Cookwasthefirsttomaptheeastcoast.库克是第一个画东部海岸地图的人。...theybeachedtheshipontheshorewheretheycouldrepairthedamage..他们把船靠岸，在那里进行修理。InJulytheysetsailagainandheadedsouthandwestinsearchofanewland.再如下列例子中画线部分均为兼类词。Thehousecanhousemanypeople.这房子可以住下好多人。Themountainareasinthesouthareheavilyforested.南部山区森林茂密。Hehadabadheadacheandneededquiet.他头痛得厉害，需要安静。二.合成法英语的合成词有合成形容词，合成名词，合成动词，合成副词，合成代词等。合成名词raincoat,wheelchair,earthquake,seaweed,necklace,etc.合成形容词world-wide,world-famous,well-known,low-lying,man-made,warm-hearted,life-long,wide-open,etc.合成动词underline,whitewash,overthrow,dumbfound,etc.合成副词however,maybe,wherever,whenever,beforehand,etc.合成代词himself,everyone,nobody,something,etc.三。派生法亦称词缀法或缀合法，这是三种构词法中最活跃的一种，大约有三分之二的英语单词都是用这种方法构成的。因此，掌握一些常用派生词的构词规律对于我们正确拼写单词和在阅读中猜词能力的培养就显得尤为重要。在英语的派生词中，词根决定词的根本意义，前缀改变词义，后缀引起词类的改变（个别后缀还会改变词义）。如：a-后跟名词或动词，常构成表语形容词，有些也可作副词用如：alone,aside,ahead,aloud,“in-“在“m”之前变体为“im-“，在“l”之前作“il-”，在“r”之前作“ir-“；“non-“和“en-“则常加在名词或形容词之前。但前者所构成的词仍然是名词或形容词，而后者却构成了动词。“un-“常用于动词或形容词之前。其派生词仍为动词或形容词。有时候，，你在阅读中会碰到既有前缀又有后缀的派生词，只要你确认它的词根，你就可以猜到它的含义。如：independent,disorderly,inattention,rebroadcast,non-communism,nonconductor,undeveloped,intercultural,unrealizable.unrecognizable,etc.前缀派生词前缀意义例词a-n./v在……上；向……；在……状态中asleep,alone,ahead,afraid,alive,aloud,aside,awake,etc.dis-v.否定，disappear,dislike,disagree,discover,disappoint,etc.in-,il-,im-,ir-+adj.不，非incorrect,impolite,impossible,illegal,irregular,etc.

mis-v.误mistake,misunderstand,mislead,misread,etc.re-v.重复，再rewrite,retell,reunite,rebuild,remarry,etc.non-+n./adj.非，无，不non-stop,non-smoker,non-smoking,etc.un-adj不unsafe,unable,unhealthy,unknown,unfair,er-+n./adj.在内，相互，之间international,inter-factory,etc.en-n.adj.置于……之中，使之……enjoy,encourage,enlarge,enable,etc.micro-n.微，小microcomputer,etc.mini-n.小，少minibus,miniskirt,etc.后缀派生词后缀意义例词名词v.-er/or表人或用具farmer,baker,visitor,cooker,cutter,etc.n.-ese某国，某地人Chinese,Japanese,Portuguese,etc.n.-ian某国，某地人；某种职业或地位的人musician,Egyptian,Asian,Russian,etc.n.-ist某种主义或职业者artist,scientist,communist,etc.v.-ment行为或其状态government,movement,achievement,etc.adj.-ness性质，状态illness,sadness,carelessness,etc.v.-tion行为，状态invention,liberation,organization,etc.v./adj.-ance/enceimportance,appearance,absence,existence,difference,performance,presence,etc.n.-th性质，情况depth,length,width,etc.n.-ful（满的）量handful,spoonful,mouthful,etc.adj.-abilitypossibility,disability,etc.形容词n.-al属于……的physical,national,political,etc.n.-an属于某地方的American,African,Italian,etc.n.-ern方向及性质southern,northern,eastern,western,etc.n.-ful/less（没）有……的helpful,useful,hopeful,harmful,careless,homeless,hopeless,etc.n.-ble具有……性质的reasonable,terrible,changeable,etc.n.-ishfoolish,English,Spanish,selfish,etc.v.-ive有……倾向的active,expensive,attractive,etc.n.-y多……的cloudy,windy,dirty,snowy,stormy,etc.n.-en由……制成的golden,wooden,woolen.etc.n.-ous有（性质）的famous,dangerous,poisonous,etc.动词-fybeautify,satisfy,terrify,etc.-izeapologize,realize,recognize,etc.-en使变得……thicken,deepen,widen,etc.副-lybadly,truly,angrily,