美国文学选读-第三版-课后习题答案-陶洁

美国文学选读第三版课后习题答案陶洁（部分）Unit1BenjaminFranklinQuestionsl.WhydidFranklinwritehisAutobiography?Franklinsaysthatbecausehissonmaywishtoknowabouthislife,heistakinghisoneweekvacationintheEnglishcountrysidetorecordhispast.Healsosaysthathehasenjoyedhislifeandwouldliketorepeatit.WhatmadeFranklindecidetoleavethebrothertowhomhehadbeenapprenticed?Hisbrotherwaspassionate,andhadoftenbeatenhim.Theaversiontoarbitrarypowerthathasstucktohimthroughhiswholelife.Afterabrushwiththelaw,Franklinlefthisbrother..HowdidhearriveinPhiladephia?FirsthesetoutinaboatforAmboy,theboatdroppedhimoffabout50milesfromBurlington,thenextdayhereachedBurlingtononfoot,inBurlingtonhefoundaboatwhichwasgoingtowardsPhiladelphia,hearrivedthereabouteightornineo’clock,ontheSundaymorningandlandedattheMarketStreetwharf..Whatfeaturesdoyoufindinthestyleoftheaboveselection?ItisthepatternofPuritansimplicity,directness,andconcision（言简意赅）.Thenarrativeislucid（易懂的），thestructureissimple,theimageryishomely（朴素的）.Unit2EdgarAllenPoeQuestions.Whoisthenarrator?Whatwrongdoeshewanttoredress?Montresor.Fortunato,oneofwineexpertsinsultedhim,sohewantedtomurderhim..WhatisthepretextheusestolureFortunatotohiswinecellar?HebaitsFortunatobytellinghimhehasobtainedwhathebelievestobeacaskofAmontilladoarareandvaluablesherrywine.FortunatoisanxioustodeterminewhetherornotitistrulyAmontillado,sohegoestothevaultwithMontresor..WhathappenstoFortunatointheend?Hewaswalledupalivebehindbricksinawinecellar..DescribebrieflyhowPoecharacterizesMontresorandFortunatoascontrasts?Poeusescolorimagerytocharacterizethem.Montresorfaceiscoveredinablacksilkmask,Incontrast,Fortunatodressesthemotley-coloredcostumeofthecourtfool,whogetsliterallyandtragicallyfooledbyMontresor'smaskedmotives.ThecolorschemeshererepresenttheironyofFortunato'sdeathsentence.Throughtheacts,words,andthoughtsofFortunato,weknowHeisgreedy,hewasluredintothedarkandsombervaultsjustbecauseacaskofAmontillado.Thisisalsoduetohisbadhabitofbibulosity（酗酒）.Helosthimselfonhearingthewine.Atthesametime,hewascheatedbyhisenemy,whichreflectedhisignorance.WhenheheardthepretendedcomplimentfromMontresor,hebecameveryboastfulandarrogant.Hewaseasilyconfusedbythesuperficialphenomenaandfailedtowatchoutforothers.Hecouldn’ttoleratethatotherswerestrongerthanhim.Forexample,MontresoralwaysstimulatedhimwithLuchresiwhowasgoodatconnoisseur鉴赏）inwine.Undertheimpulseofvanity,hefellintoMontresor’sterribletrap.Infact,hewascarelessandfoolishanddidn’tfindthatthedangerwasapproachinghim.HelookeddownuponMontresorandothers.Hedidn’trealizehisfoolishnessuntilthedeathwascoming.Talkingfromtheappearance,Monstresorwasawell-educatedand“kind”businessman.Heenjoyedthehonorandrespectinthecity.Butinfact,hewasanevilandawfulperson.Hisinnerfeelingsweresocruelthattheyevenmadepeopletremble.Underhisrichappearancewasthedirtysoulanddespicablecharacter.Wecouldn'tseeanygloriousvirtuesinhismind.Instead,hisheartwascoldanddark.ItwastherevengethatthrewMontresorintothedeepevilvalley.unit4NathanielHawthorneQuestions:1.WhyistheprisonthesettingofChapter1?Nomatterhowoptimisticthefoundersofnewcoloniesmaybe,theyarequicktoestablishaprisonandacemeteryintheir“Utopia,”fortheyknowthatmisbehavior,evil,anddeathareunavoidable.ThisbelieffitsintothelargerPuritandoctrine,whichputsheavyemphasisontheideaoforiginalsin-thenotionthatallpeoplearebornsinnersbecauseoftheinitialtransgressionsofAdamandEveintheGardenofEden.heisthereforeusingtheprisonbuildingtorepresentthecrimeandthepunishmentwhichareaspectofcivilizedlifeWhatistheimplicationofthedescriptionoftheroses?Therosebushsymbolizestheabilityofnaturetoendureandoutlastman'sactivities.ThenarratorsuggeststhatrosesofferareminderofNature'skindnesstothecondemned;forhistale,hesays,itwillprovideeithera“sweetmoralblossom”orelsesomereliefinthefaceofunrelentingsorrowandgloom..DescribetheappearanceofHesterPrynneandtheattitudeofthepeopletowardsher.Thesecondparagraphonpage30.Thecrowdinfrontofthejailisamixtureofmenandwomen,allmaintainingseverelooksofdisapproval.SeveralofthewomenbegintodiscussHesterPrynne,andtheysoonvowthatHesterwouldnothavereceivedsuchalightsentenceforhercrimeiftheyhadbeenthejudges.Onewoman,theugliestofthegroup,goessofarastoadvocatedeathforHester..WhathashappenedtoHester?Asayoungwoman,Hestermarriedanelderlyscholar,Chillingworth,whosentheraheadtoAmericatolive.Whilewaitingforhim,shehadanaffairwithaPuritanministernamedDimmesdale,afterwhichshegavebirthtoPearl.Thescarletletterisherpunishmentforhersinandhersecrecy.WhydoesshemaketheembroideryoftheletterAsoelaborate?Itseemstodeclarethatsheisproud,ratherthanashamed,ofhersin.Inreality,however,Hestersimplyacceptsthe“sin”anditssymbolaspartofherself,justassheacceptsherchild.Andalthoughshecanhardlybelieveherpresent“realities,”shetakesthemastheyareratherthanresistingthemortryingtoatoneforthem.Howdoesthistellusabouthercharacter?ThroughoutTheScarletLetterHesterisportrayedasanintelligent,capable.Itistheextraordinarycircumstancesshapingherthatmakehersuchanimportantfigure.Unit5HermanMelvilleQuestions.WhatarethestoriesIsmaeltellsaboutMobyDick?IshmaelcomparesthelegendofMobyDicktohisexperienceofthewhale.Henotesthatspermwhaleattackshaveincreasedrecentlyandthatsuperstitioussailorshavecometoregardtheseattacksashavinganintelligent,evensupernaturalorigin.Inparticular,wildrumorsaboutMobyDickcirculateamongwhalemen,suggestingthathecanbeinmorethanoneplaceatthesametimeandthatheisimmortal.Ishmaelremarksthateventhewildestofrumorsusuallycontainssometruth.Whales,forinstance,havebeenknowntotravelwithremarkablespeedfromtheAtlantictothePacific;thus,itispossibleforawhaletobecaughtinthePacificwiththeharpoonsofaGreenlandshipinit.MobyDick,whohasdefiedcapturenumeroustimes,exhibitsan“intelligentmalignity”（狠毒）inhisattacksonmen.WhydoesAhabreactsoviolentlyagainstthewhitewhale?First,helostoneofhislegsbecauseofthewhitewhale.Second,HeconsidersMobyDicktheembodimentofevilintheworld,andhepursuestheWhiteWhale,becausehebelievesithisinescapablefatetodestroythisevil.IshmaelsuggeststhatAhabis、'crazy“andcallhim“aravinglunatic.”Doyouagreewithhim?Whyorwhynot?IshmaeldescribesAhabasmadinhisnarration,anditdoesindeedseemmadtotrytofighttheforcesofnatureorGod..Whatnarrativefeaturescanyoufindintheselectedchapter?Intheselectedcharpter,MelvilleemployedthetechniqueofmultipleviewofhisnarrativetoportrayMobyDicktoachievetheeffectofambiguityandletreadersjudgethemeaning.Unit6HenryDavidThoreauQuestionsl.WhereindeeddidThoreaulive,bothataphysicallevelandataspirituallevel?HelivedinacabinonWaldenPond,whichbelongedtoEmerson’sproperty..HadThoreaueverboughtafarm?Whydidheenjoytheactofbuying?No,hehadn’t.Heavoidedpurchasingafarmbecauseitwouldinevitablytiehimdownfinanciallyandcomplicatehislife.Thoreaudidn’tseetheacquisitionofwealthasthegoalforhumanexistence,hesawthegoaloflifetobeanexplorationofthemindandofthemagnificentworldaroundus.Heregardedtheplacesasanexistencefreeofobligationsandfullofleisure.3.IsitsignificantthatThoreaumentionedtheFourthofJulyasthedayonwhichhebegantostayinthewoods?Why?Yes,itis.BecauseTheFourthofJulyisknownasIndependenceDay,thebirthdayottheUnitedStates.HereThoreauusesthedaytoexpresshisbeginningofregenerationatWalden.Italsomeansasymbolofhisconquestofbeing.4.HowcouldyouanswerthequestionThoreauaskedattheendofthisselection?Unit719thCenturyAmericanPoetsHenryWadsworthLongfellowIShotanArrow…Whydidthespeakerlosesightofhisarrowandsong?Thearrowfliestooswiftlyandtoofarawaytobeseenbythespeaker;whereasthesongisnaturallyinvisible.Inwhatcircumstancesdidhefindthemagain?Hefindsthemunexpectedlyyearslaterfromthetrunkofatreeandtheheartofafriend.Whatdoarrowandsongstandforinthispoem?Theimagesofarrowandsongheremaystandforfriendship.APsalmofLifeWhatkindofpersonisthespeakerofthispoem?Thespeakerisamanofaction,alwaysoptimisticandcheerful,tryingtoachieveasmuchaspossibleintheshortspanoflife.Accordingtothepoem,howshouldourlivesbeledtoovercomethefactthateachdaybringsusnearertodeath?Weshouldworkharderandlivehappier.Interpretthemetaphorof"Footprintsonthesandoftime"(line28).Themetaphorreferstohumandeedsinreallife.WaltWhitman(1)One'sSelfISingWhatisthesignificanceofsingingaboutone'sself?Itisanexaltationoftheindividualspirit,whichistypicalofAmericanpeople.Whatisthedifferencebetweenphysiologyandphysiognomy?Physiologyisasciencethatdealswiththefunctionsandlifeprocessofhumanbeings,whereasphysiognomyreferstoanartofjudgingcharacterfromcontoursoffaceitselfortheappearanceofaperson.WhatdoesWhitmanmeanbythetermof"theModernMan"?Hemeansthatamanshouldbefreefromanyprejudiceandpride,totallydifferentfromthetraditionalone,thatisfullofbias.⑶OCaptain!MyCaptain!Whyistheword"Captain"capitalizedthroughoutthepoem?Inthispoemtheword“Captain”speciallyreferstoAbrahamLincoln,presidentoftheUnitedStates.Whatoverallmetaphordoesthepoetemployinthispoem?Lifeisajourney.Whydopeopleontheshoresexultandbellsring,whilethespeakerremainssosad?Theywelcometheshipreturningfromitshardtrip,whereasthespeakerissadbecausethecaptainfailstoreceivehisownhonor.3.EmilyDickinsonToMakeaPrairie…Whatthingsareneededto"make"aprairie?Inwhatsensecanonereallydoit?Somegrassandinsectsandsmallanimals.Peoplecanmakeaprairiewiththeirimagination.Howcan"reveryalone"createaprairie?Theprairiestaysinone'smind.SuccessIsCountedSweetestWhyissuccess"countedsweetestbythosewhone'ersucceed"?Thosewhohavetastedthebitternessoffailurewouldhaveakeenerdesireforsuccess.Whoare"thepurplehost"?Theso-calledsuccessfulpeopleintheworld.Whois"he"inthelaststanza?Anyonewhoispursuinghissuccess.I'mNobody!Whoarethe"pairofus"and"they"inthispoem?The"pairofus"referstothespeakerinthepoemandthereader,and"they"referstothepublic,especiallythoseinpower.Whatdoes"anadmiringbog"reallymean?"(line28).ItImpliesthevainandemptycommonpeople,whoarealwaysadmiringandpursuingthecelebrities.Whatisthethemeofthispoem?Therealadmirablelifeisasecludedandcommonone.Doyouwanttobe"nobody"or"somebody"?Explainyourreasons.Differentpersonswouldhavedifferentanswerstothisquestion.Personally,Iprefertobenobody.Unit8MarkTwainQuestions1:WhydoyouthinkMr.Wheelerissoeagertotellthesestories?FromMr.Wheeler’sbehaviorsandcontentsofhisnarrationwecanknowheissoeagertotellthesestories.First,when"I"askedhimtotell"me"somethingaboutW.Smiley,he“backedmeintoacornerandblockadedmewithhischair,andthensatdownandreeledoffthenarrative”.Andduringtheprocessoftellinghisstories,heneverpaidanyattentiontoothers'responsetohisstoryandjustwentontellingwhatamusedhim.Atlastwhenthelistenerfeltboringandwantedtoleave,Mr.Wheelerevendidn'tnoticeitandstillaskedhimtosittherelisteningtohim.Question2:Doeshisaudiencesharehisenthusiasmintellingthestories?No.theaudiencedoesnotshowanyinterestinMr.Wheeler’stories.Infact,thenarratorwasveryfeverishabouthisstories,but,intheeyesofthelistener,thestorieswereveryboringandhadnothingtodowithhispreoccupation.Asaneducatedman,thelistenercouldn'tunderstandthewayoflaborersforjoy,andhewouldneverbotherhimselftounderstandit.SoafterthelongtimeofMr.Wheeler’solonarrationandwhentheaudiencegotachance,hefledaway.Question3:Doyouthinkthenarratorandhislistenereversuspectthepresenceofhumor?Why?Howdoyouinterprettheirinteractions?Thenarratorandhislistenernevernoticedorsuspectedthepresenceofhumor.Duringtheintercourse,thenarratorwentvigorouslyonhismonotonousnarrative"wihoutalittlesmiling"talkingabouttheanimalsandthethingslike,whilethelistenerfeltratherpuzzledorbotheredbyhisstories.Itseemedtobekindofcoarsethings.Sothetwodifferentscenesgoonseparatelywithoutaintersection.Andtheirinteractionwasacompletefailureaccordingtoourcommonsenseaboutcommunication.ButitinthissenseproducedtheeffectofhumorwhichcanbetastedbyourreadersduetotheskillsadoptedbyMarkTwain.Unit14F-ScottFitzgerald1.DoyouthinkGatsbydeservestobecalled“thegreat”?Why?IthinkitistoocomplicatedtosimplysayGatsbydeservestobe—greatIIornot.Foronething,Gatsbywasambitious,hardworking,generousandpassionate.HewassoextremelyloyaltohisloveandDaisythathecoulddoanythingtogetDaisyback:hedidshadybusinesstoearnmoneyandsocialposition;hethrewluxuriouspartiesjusttodrawDaisy'sattention;hecouldtaketheblameforadeaththathedidnotcause.Inthisrespect,heismuch—greaterIIthanhiscontemporaries.Foranotherthing,GatsbyneverrealizedthatDaisywasn’tthegirlhelovedanymore.Gatsbywassoinnocentthathestakedeverythingonhisdreams,notrealizingthathisdreamsareunworthyofhim.Hewasn’tsoberenoughtobegreat.oes“thegreenlight”Gatsbybelievedinexistinreality?Whyorwhynot?Ithink—thegreenlightIIdoesnotexistinreality.BecausethegreenlightwhichsituatedattheendofDaisy’sEastEggdockandbarelyvisiblefromWestEgglawnrepresentsGatsby’sunattainabledream.Athoughthecoloritselfcanbeseenashopeandbrightfuture,Gatsby’squestforDaisybackisdoomedtobeimpossible.Daisylivedin-amaterialworldwithoutbeingreal,wherepoorghosts,breathingdreamlikeairI.AfterfiveyearswhenGatsbymetDaisyagain,themiracleDaisyhadlostheroriginalglory.Therefore,thereisnodelayingthatGatsby’sdreamwouldnotcometrue.Inthenovel,thegreenlightnotonlyrepresentsthatinnocentGatsbylookedforwardtothefuture,butalsomeanshislongingforthehistory-hishappypastwithDaisy.Thedistinctionbetweenidealandrealitywashuge.AsifAmericandreambetweengoldenpastandgoldenfuturealwayssufferedfromtherealisticbetrayalandcrush.hatdoesGatsby’sSchedulerevealabouthimandhowdoesitrelatetotheAmericanDream?ThescheduleisareflectionofGatsby’sdeterminationandambition.Itrevealsthatheishardonhimselfinpursuitofhisgoal—tobeanupper-classman.Ononehand,wecanknowthatheispersistentinpursuinghisAmericanDream--toattainwealthandhappinessthroughhisstruggle.Ontheotherhand,heistooidealisticandnaive.Hetrieshisbesttomakemoneyandlearnseverythingrequiredtobeanupper-classmansothathecangetaccesstohisbelovedgirl.Moneyisimportant,butthereareotherbarriersdifficulttopenetrate.Thegirlhelovesisasvulgarandsuperficialasothersinhercircle,sheisunabletomeetsGatsby’sromanticfantasy.Sohisdreamisdestinedtoshatter,whichindicatesthedisillusionofAmericanDream.henyoureadtheline“He(themanwithow-eyedglasses)tookoffhisglassesandwipedthemagain,outsideandin,“whatimagesdoesitcreateinyourmind,giventhenovel'snumerousreferencestothestrikinglystrangesceneofthespectacledeyes?Fromthisline,superficially,owl-eyesisapersonwiththickandblurryglasseswhocannotseeclearlyallthethingsintheworld.However,weknowheisactuallyanowl-wiseobserverandseesmoreclearlythananyoneelseinthenovel.Owl-Eyes,exceptNick,istheonlyfriendtoappearattherain-soakedburialofGatsby,whenothersareunwillingtocome.HefeelssympathyforGatsbystragedy.Afterreadingthisline,IcannothelpthinkingoftheDr.Eckleburgbillboardwithitshugeyellowspectaclesinthisnovel.Inmanyrainydays,Dr.Eckleburg'seyesarealsodimmedandseemblind.Butinfactthisisapairof"all-seeing"eyes.TheOwl-EyedManissimilartoDr.Eckleburg,sadlylookingatthepeople’slifeandidealismofthistime.Bothofthemsymbolizeanuninvolvedspectatorgod.Theywatchllatheactivitiesofthehumans.Owl-eyesistheavatarofthesightlessDr.Eckleburg.Unit16ErnestHemingwayHowdoyouinterprettheironyofthetitleafterreadingthestory?Thetitle—ACleanWell-LightedPlaceIIreferstothecaffeinthetext.Theca隹wasverycleanandwell-lighted.Fromtheliterarymeaning,wemayfeelthisplacewasverywarmandcomfortable,wasaplacewherepeopleneedwarmthwantedtogo.Sotheoldman,whowasrichbutdeafandlonelycameheretofindwarmthandavoidednada.Itwastheonlyplacehecouldgoandcouldfindsomecomfort.However,theyoungerwaiterwasveryselfish.Ashiswifewaswaitinghimonthebed,hewantedtogohomeearly.Therefore,herefusedtooffertheoldmananothercupofwinebytheexcusethatthebusinesswasfinished.Infact,therewasstillanhourfromclosingtime.Theyoungerthoughtanhourwasmoreimportanttohimthantotheoldman.Theoldmanneededtoleavetheonlyplacewherehecouldgetfarawayfromnada/nothing.Thiscafeshouldbewarmbuttheyoungerwaiterforcedthelonelyanddeaftoleavewithoutanysympathy.Thisistheironyofthetitle.Doyouthinkyouthandconfidencecanhelponewithstandthemetaphoricaldark?Whyorwhynot?(1)Idon’tthinkso.Inouropinion,themetaphoricaldarkmeansnadanothinginone’sinnerheart.Inthearticle,theyoungerwaiterhadbothyouthandconfidence;however,henevermadefulluseofthem.Aswecansee,hedidn’tunderstandtheoldman’ssuicideandexcessivedrinking,andfailedtoseehistomorrowthroughtheoldman’spresentsituation.2)What’smore,hehadnoideathatyouthisnotpermanent,whichcannotguaranteeloveandwork.Fromabove,thereisnodenyingthathedidn’trealizehisnada.Therefore,hisyouthandconfidencenevercontributedtowithstandinghismetaphoricaldark.(3)Ithinkthat,nowadays,youthandconfidencedocanhelptowithstandthemetaphoricaldark,foronecanbravelyfacetherealityandovercomethenadawithyouthandconfidence.Buttheyonlyserveastwomainfactors.Infact,weneedsomeotherfactorssuchascourage,dignityandsoonifwewanttowithstandthemetaphoricaldarksuccessfully..Theolderwaitersaidtotheyoungerwaiter:"Weareoftwodifferentkinds”Inwhatwaydoyouthinktheyaredifferent?IthinktheyaredifferentfromeachotherinthefollowingfouraspectsInthebeginning,theyareindifferentages.Theolderwaiterwasinhismiddleage;whiletheotherwasmuchyounger.Then,theyhavedifferentattitudestowardstheoldman.Fromthearticle,weknowtheolderwaiterhadsufferedalot.Hehadmaintainedacleanandwell-lightedplaceinhisheart,andhecouldunderstandtheoldmanandshowsympathytohim.However,theyoungmanwasveryselfish.Hewantedtogohomeearlysothathefinishedthebusinessonehourearlierandforcedtheoldmantoleave.Heshowedhatredratherthansympathytotheoldman.Next,theyhavedifferentattitudestowardslife.Theolderwaiterhadadeepsenseoflife.Hewasbraveandwantedtofightagainnada.Besides,hecaredaboutothers.Theyoungeronewastotallydifferent;hehasashadowunderstandingoflife.Hesatisfiedwithhispresentloveandwork,heonlycareabouthimselfandwasreluctanttotakeothersintoconsideration.Heevenneverthoughtofhisfuture.Finally,theyhavedifferentattitudestowardsnada.Theolderwaiterhadrealizedthatitisimpossibletoavoidnadainone’swholelife.Theonlythinghecandoistokeepakindofclearnessinhisownmind.Sohewaswillingtoworklateforthelonelyoldmanandwaspleasedtohelpthosewhoaresufferingnada.Butoutofyouthandconfidence,hefailedtoovercomenada.Onthecontrary,theyoungerwaiterhadthetwomostimportantfactorsforwithstandingnada;however,hedidn’trealizethenadainhisheartatall.Thenhisyouthandconfidencebecameuseless.Unit1720th-CenturyAmericanPoets1.EzraPoundInAStationoftheMetroWhydoesthepoetcallthefacesofpedestrians"apparition"?Thesepedestriansareallwalkinginahurryamidstthedrizzlingrain.Whatdo"petals"and"bough"standfor?Petalsrefertothefaceswhiletheboughstandsforthefloatingcrowd.WallaceStevensAnecdoteoftheJarWhatdoesthejarinpoemsymbolize?Whydoesthespeakerplaceitontopofahill?Thejarheresymbolizesacertainperspectiveonlookingatthisworld.Iftheperspectiveoftheviewingiscreativeandunique,itwillchangetheconventionalorderoftheoldworld.Whenanewperspectivecomesout,itwillcertainlyholdattentionfromtherest.Thejaris"round"and"ofaportinair,"meaningthatithasastatelyimportance.Whateffectdoesithaveonsurroundingswhenplacedontheground?Maybetheroundjarassumestheairofadomineeringfigure,whichhelpstoformacertainorderoutofthedisorderedsurrounding.HowdidthewildernessofTennesseecharacterized?Whatwordsorphrasesdoesthepoetusetodescribeit?Tennesseeseemstoaplacefulloflifeandenergy.“Slovenly,”“sprawl”and“wild”aresomeofthewordsusedtodescribetheplace.(SeeAnecdoteoftheJar)RobertFrost(1)FireandIceWhatarethesymbolicmeaningsoffireinthispoem?Firesymbolizesnaturaldisaster,humanpassion,aswellaswar.Whydoesthespeakersaythaticeisalsogreatfordestruction?Explainwhaticestandsforhere.Ice,opposetofire,isalsoadreadfulnaturaldisasterinthisworld,andiceisalwaysrelatedtoindifference,coldness,hatred,andtheothernegativesentimentsofhumanbeings.Whatisyouropinionaboutfireandice?Whichoneismoredestructive?Bothfireandicecandestroythisbeautifulworldiftheyarebeyondcontrolofhumanbeings.Thereforeweshouldbeopen-mindedandreduceourprejudiceandpridesoastokeepthisworldinpeace.(2)StoppingByWoodsOnaSnowyEveningInyouropinion,whatwasthereasonthatmadethespeakerstopbythewoodsonasnowyevening?Thepoetwasdeeplyattractedbythenaturalbeautyofthesceneatthatverymoment.Whydidthehorsegivetheharnessbellashake?Thehorsegrewimpatientbystoppinginthemiddleofthedark,coldwoodsatmidnight.Itwaseagertogohome.Whycouldn'tthespeakerstaylongerbythewoodstoappreciateitsmysteriousbeauty?Herealizedthatitwaslateatnightandhewouldhavetohurryhometogetsomefoodandsleep,becausethenextmorninghewouldhavealotofworktodo.Whatistheeffectofrepetitioninthelasttwolines?Therefrain-likerepetitioninthelasttwolinesremindsthereaderasimplefactoflife:whateverhappens,onemustgoforwardinthejourneyofhisorherlife.TheRoadNotTakenWhatisthespeaker'sinitialresponsetothedivergenceofthetworoads?Thespeakerisatalosswhichroadheshouldchoose,andhefeelssorrythathecannotexplorebothroadsatthesametime.Describethesimilaritiesanddifferencesofthesetworoads.Whichonedoesthespeakertake?Tworoadsaresimilarexceptoneofthemismore“grassy,”whichimpliesthatitislesstraveledbypeople.Thespeakerprefersthelesstraveledone,becausehelikesadventure.Whatmightthetworoadsstandforinthespeaker'smind?Oneroadstandsforthetraditionaloneandtheotherisunconventionaloneandfullofchallengesanddifficulties.Tofollowotherpeople'sfootstepsortoopenanewroadforhimselfisreallynotaneasydecisionforustomakeinourlives.Unit22AllenGinsbergAllthroughthepoem,thespeakerisaddressingtoWaltWhitman.IsthispoemaboutWaltWhitmanoraboutmodernAmerica?fromAllenGinsbergASupermarketinCaliforniaTheauthorinthispoemwantedtoemphasishisthemeaboutshowinghisrespecttot