职称英语理工A答案(试卷代号13)

职称英语理工A答案(试卷代号13)20XX年职称英语《理工A》真题及答案(代码13)一、词汇选项：WealmostranintoaRolls-Roycethatpulledoutinfrontofuswithoutsignaling.A.overtookB.hitC.passedD.foundHeshiftedhispositionalittle,inordertoalleviatethepaininhisleg.A.controlB.easeC.experienceD.sufferOuraimwastoupdatethehealthservice,andwesucceeded.A.offerB.provideC.fundD.modernizeEveryweekthemagazinepresentstheprofileofawell-knownsportspersonality.A.descriptionB.successC.evidenceD.planAlltheflatsinthebuildinghadthesamelayout.Newbornbabiescandiscriminatebetweenamansandawomansvoice.A.treatB.expressC.distinguishD.analyzeTheweatherwascrispandclearandyoucouldseethemountainsfiftymilesaway.Nothingwouldinducemetovoteforhimagain.A.teachB.helpC.attractD.discourageWhenIheardthenoiseinthenextroom,Icouldntresisthaveapeep.A.chanceB.lookC.visitD.tryHercommentsaboutmenareutterlyridiculous.Hewaswearyoftheconstantbattlebetweenthem.A.fondB.proudC.tiredD.afraidShemovesfromoneexoticlocationtoanother.HehasbeengrantedasyluminFrance.A.protectionB.powerC.reliefD.licenseThephotographsevokedmemoriesofourA.storedB.blockedC.erasedD.refreshedThewallsaremadeofhollowconcreteblocks.A.emptyB.bigC.longD.new二、阅读判断EuropaswateryunderworldEuropa,oneofJupiters63knownmoons,looksbrightandicyonthesurface.Butappearancescanbedeceiving:Mileswithinitscracked,frigidshell,Europaprobablyhidesgiantpoolsofliquidwater.Wherescientistsfindliquidwater,theyhopetofindlifeaswell.SincewecantgodivingintoEuropasdepthsjustyet,scientistsinsteadhavetoinvestigatethemoonssurfaceforcluestowhatliesbeneath.Inanewstudy,scientistsinvestigatedonegroupofstrangeicepatternsonEuropaandconcludedthattheformationsmarkthetopofanundergroundpoolthatholdsasmuchwaterastheU.S.GreatLakes.PicturesofEuropa,whichisslightlysmallerthanEarthsmoon,clearlyshowatangled,icymishmashoflinesandcracksknownas“chaosterrains.

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ThesechaoticplacescovermorethanhalfofEuropa.Formorethan10years,scientistshavewonderedwhatcausestheformations.Thenewstudysuggeststhattheyarisefromthemixingofvastundergroundstoresofliquidwaterwithicymaterialnearthesurface.ForscientistswhosuspectthatEuropaalsomaybehidinglifebeneathitsicysurface,thenewsaboutthenewlakeisexciting.“Itwouldbegreatiftheselakesharboredlife,Britney”Schmidt,aplanetaryscientistwhoworkedonthestudy,toldScienceNews.“Buteveniftheydidnt,theysaythatEuropaisdoingsomethinginterestingandactiverightnow.”Schmidt,ascientistattheUniversityofTexasatAustin,andhercolleagueswantedtoknowhowchaosterrainsform.SincetheycouldntrockettoEuropatoseeforthemselves,theysearchedforsimilarformationshereonEarth.TheystudiedcollapsediceshelvesinAntarcticaandicycapsonvolcanoesinIceland.ThosefeaturesonEarthformedwhenliquidwatermixedwithice.ThescientistsnowsuspectsomethingsimilarmightbehappeningonEuropa:thataswaterandiceofdifferenttemperaturesmingleandshift,thesurfacefractures.Thiswouldexplainthejumbledicesculptures.“FracturingcatastrophicallydisruptstheiceinthesamewaythatitcausesiceshelvestocollapseonEarth,”SchmidttoldScienceNews.SheandherteamfoundthattheprocesscouldbecausingchaosterrainstoformquicklyonEuropa.Thenewstudysuggeststhatonthismoon,elementssuchasoxygenfromthesurfaceblendwiththedeepbodiesofwater.Thatmixturemaycreateanenvironmentthatsupportslife.TheliquidwaterofanundergroundpoolofEuropaisestimatedxxxxxoftheUSGreatlakes.ThestrangeicepatternsonEuropaareformedasaresultofaxxxxxundergroundwaterpool.A.RightB.WrongC.NotmentionEuropaisthemostrecentlydiscoveredoneamongJupitersA.RightB.WrongC.NotmentionThesizeofEuropaisabitlargerthanthatofEarthsmoon.A.RightB.WrongC.NotmentionSchmidtandhercolleaguesarethefirstgroupofscientistsxxxxxEuropa.A.RightB.WrongC.NotmentionTheformationsonEuropassurfaceareratheruniqueintheA.RightB.WrongC.NotmentionTheexistenceofliquidwaterisanecessityforalife-supportA.RightB.WrongC.Notmention三、归纳粗心与达成句子LearnaboutNobleGases(惰性气体)1Haveyoueverriddenonaballoon?Manytouristspotsofferballoonridesinorderforpeopletoseethebeautyofaplacefromabove.Aballooncontainsanoblegascalledhelium(氦).Formerly,balloonscontainedhydrogenbuthydrogenisveryflammableanddangerouswhenuncontrolled.Therefore,peopleshiftedtohelium,whichissafer.Heliumissafebecauseithasthepropertiesofthenoblegases.2Peopleoncebelievedthatnoblegasescouldntchemicallyreactatall.Forthisreason,theywerecalledinertgases(惰性气体).TheywerealsolistedunderGroup0intheoldperiodictablebecausescientistsbelievedthatthegaseshavezerovalence(价)electronsintheiroutershell.Thiswaslaterproventobeuntruewhensomenoblegascompoundswerediscovered.3Thegasesareelements,whichsharesimilarproperties.Thesepropertiesincludebeingmonoatomic,colorless,odorless,beingabletoconductelectricity,andhavinglowchemicalreactivity.NoblegasesincludeHelium,Neon,Argon,Krypton,XenonandRadon.TheseareallfoundinGroup18,intherightmostcolumnoftheperiodictable.Ifyoulookattheperiodictable,youwillnoticethattheseelementsaretheonlyones,whichdonothaveacharge.Heliumhasthelowestmolecular(分子的)weightwhileRadonistheheaviest.4Rememberthatchemicalreactionsoccurbecauseatomshavevalenceelectrons,whichareelectronsintheiroutershell.Whentheoutershellis“unfilledor”therequirednumberofelectronsisnotyetcomplete,theatomismorereactive.Noblegaseshaveafulloutershell,meaningthattheyhavecompleteelectronsintheiroutershell.Thiscompletenumbervaries.Forinstance,theoutershellofHeliumhas2valenceelectronswhiletheoutershellofXenonhas8electrons.Nowadays,thereremainstobeafewnoblegasesbecauseofthelowchemicalreactivityofthesesaidgases.A.whatistheperiodictable?B.Whatarenoblegases?C.Whatcausesthelowchemicalreactivityofnoblegases?D.Howwerenoblegasesdiscovered?E.Howwerenoblegasesunderstoodinthepast?F.whataretheapplicationsofnoblegases?5becauseoftheirproperties,noblegaseshavemanyimportantapplications.Theyarewidelyusedinmedicineandindustries.Forinstance,liquidHeliumisusedforsuperconductingmagnets(磁体).Thesemagnetsareveryimportantinphysicsandmedicine.Whenadoctorsuspectsthatapersonsbrainhasbeendamaged,hemightrequestforMagneticResonanceImaging(MRI).MRIallowsthedoctorto

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thebrain,withoutoperatingonthepatient.paragraph2__E___paragraph3__B____paragraph4___C____paragraph5___F_____NoblegasesarenotverychemicallyAAmongtheelementsofnoblegasesHeliumistheBTherequirednumberofelectronsinnoblegasesoutershellisDMRImaymakeoperatingonthepatientFA.reactiveB.lightestC.importantD.completeE.flammableF.unnecessary四、阅读理解第一篇GrossNationalHappinessInthelastcentury,newtechnologyimprovedthelivesofmanypeopleinmanycountries.However,onecountryresistedthesechanges.HighintheHimalayanmountainsofAsia,thekingdomofBhutanremainedseparate.ItspeopleandBuddhist(佛教)culturehadnotbeenaffectedforalmostathousandyears.Bhutan,however,wasapoorcountry.Peoplediedatayoungage.Mostofitspeoplecouldnotread,andtheydidnotknowmuchabouttheoutsideworld.Then,in1972,anewrulernamedKingJigmeSingyeWangchuckdecidedtohelpBhutantobecomemodern,butwithoutlosingitstraditions.KingWangchucklookedatothercountriesforideas.HesawthatmostcountriesmeasuredtheirprogressbytheirGrossNationalProduct(GNP).TheGNPmeasuresproductsandmoney.Whenthenumberofproductssoldincreases,peoplesaythecountryismakingprogress.KingWangchuckhadadifferentideaforBhutan.Hewantedtomeasurehiscountrysprogressbypeopleshappiness.Ifthepeopleshappinessincreased,thekingcouldsaythatBhutanwasmakingprogress.Todecideifpeoplewerehappier,hecreatedameasurecalledGrossNationalHappiness(GNH).GNHisbasedoncertainprinciplesthatcreatehappiness.Peoplearehappieriftheyhavehealthcare,education,andjobs.Theyarehappierwhentheyliveinahealthy,protectedenvironment.Theyarehappierwhentheycankeeptheirtraditionalcultureandcustoms.Finally,peoplearehappierwhentheyhaveagood,stablegovernment.NowthereissomeevidenceofincreasedGNHinBhutan.Peoplearehealthierandarelivinglonger.Morepeopleareeducatedandemployed.Teenty-fivepercentofthelandhasbecomenationalparks,andthecountryhasalmostnopollution.TheBhutanesecontinuetoweartheirtraditionalclothingandfollowtheirancientBuddhistcustoms.Bhutanhasalsobecomeademocracy.In20XX年,KingWangchuckgavehispowertohisson.Althoughthecountrystillhadaking,ithelditsfirstdemocraticelectionsthatyear.Bhutanhadpoliticalpartiesandpoliticalcandidatesforthefirsttime.Finally,Bhutanhasconnectedtotherestoftheworldthroughtelevisionandinternet.Bhutanisasymbolforsocialprogress.ManycountriesarenowinterestedinBhutansGNH.Thesecountriesareinvestigatingtheirownwaystomeasurehappiness.Theywanttocreatenewpoliciesthattakecareoftheirpeople,cultures,andland.BrazilmaybethenestcountrytousetheprinciplesofGNH.BrazilianleadersseetheprinciplesofGNHasasourceofinspiration.Brazilisalargecountrywithadiversepopulation.IfhappinessworksasameasureofprogressinBrazil,perhapstherestoftheworldwillfollow.WhowasJigmeSingyeWangchuck?A.Apresident.B.ABuddhistpriest.C.Aking.D.Ageneral.ApartfrommodernizingBhutan,whatelsedidWangchuckwanttodoforBhutan?A.Tomakeitspopulationgrow.B.Tokeepitseparatefromtheworld.C.Tokeepitstraditionsandcustoms.D.Toencourageitspeopletogetrich.AcountryshowsitsprogresswithGNPbyAccordingtoGNH,peoplearehappieriftheyA.havenewtechnology.B.haveagood,stablegovernment.C.canchangetheirreligion.D.havemoremoney.35.TodaymanycountriesareA.usingtheprinciplesofGNHtomeasuretheirprogress.B.workingtogethertodevelopacommonscaletomeasureGNH.C.takingbothBhutanandBrazilassymbolsforsocialprogress.D.tryingtofindtheirownwaystomeasurehappiness.第二篇DownloadKnowledgeDirectlytoYourBrainForthefirsttime,researchershavebeenabletohackintotheprocessoflearninginthebrain,usinginducedbrainpatternstocreatealearnedbehavior.Itsnotquiteasadvancedasaninstantkung-fudownload,anditsnotassleekascognitiveinception,butitsstillanimportantfindingthatcouldleadtonewteachingandrehabilitationtechniques.Futuretherapiescoulddecodethebrainactivitypatternsofanathleteoramusician,andusethemasabenchmarkforteachinganotherpersonanewactivity,accordingtotheresearchers.ScientistsfromBostonUniversityandATRComputationalNeuroscienceLaboratoriesinKyotousedfunctionalmagneticresonanceimaging,orfMRI,tostudythelearningprocess.Theywereexaminingtheadultbrainsaptitudeforvisualperceptuallearning,orVPL,inwhichrepetitivetrainingimprovesapersonsperformanceonaparticulartask.Whetheradultscandothisaswellasyoungpeoplehasbeenanongoingdebateinneuroscience.LedbyBUneuroscientistTakeoWatanabe,researchersusedamethodcalleddecodedfMRIneurofeedbacktostimulatethevisualcortex.Firsttheyshowedparticipantscirclesatdifferentorientations.ThentheyusedfMRItowatchtheparticipantsbrainactivity.Theresearcherswerethenabletotraintheparticipantstorecreatethisvisualcortexactivity.ThevolunteerswereagainplacedinMRImachinesandaskedtovisualizeshapesofcertaincolors.Theparticipantswereaskedto“somehowregulateactivityintheposteriorpartofthebrain

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tomakeasolidgreendiscaslargeastheycould.Theyweretoldtheywouldgetapaidbonusproportionaltothesizeofthisdisc,buttheywerenttoldanythingaboutwhatthediscmeant.Theresearcherswatchedtheparticipantsbrainactivityandmonitoredtheactivationpatternsintheirvisualcortices.“Participantscanbetrainedtocontroltheoverallmeanactivationofanentirebrainregion,

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thestudyauthorswrite,

“theactivationinoneregionrelativetothatinanotherregion.Thisworkedevenwhentestsubjectswerenotawareofwhattheywerelearning,theresearcherssaid.

”“Themostsurprisingthinginthisstudyisthatmereinductionsofneuralactivationpatternscorrespondingtoaspecificvisualfeatureledtovisualperformanceimprovementonthevisualfeature,withoutpresentingthefeatureorsubjects'awarenessofwhatwastobelearned,”Watanabesaidinastatement.Watanabeandcolleaguessaidthismethodcanbeapowerfultool.“Itcaninceptapersontoacquirenewlearning,skills,ormemory,orpossiblytorestoreskillsorknowledgethathasbeendamagedthroughaccident,disease,oraging,withoutapersonsawarenessofwhatislearnedormemorized,”theywrite.whathaveresearchersbeenabletodowiththehelpofthestudy?A.Discoveraperson’slearningprocessinthebrain.B.Makeapersonknowhowtodosomethingwithoutlearning.C.Setupdifferentlearningpatternsfordifferentpeople.D.Enablepeopletolearnkungfuinstantly.whathelpsapersontodoaparticulartaskbetterinvisualperceptuallearning?A.TestingB.EncouragementC.Self-assessmentD.Repetitionwhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueoftheexperimentparticipants?A.TheylearnedhowtocontrolMRLmachinesintheexperimentB.TheywerenottoldwhattobelearnedintheexperimentC.TheywerepaidtotakepartintheexperimentD.TheywerenotcooperativeintheexperimentthefindingofthestudyismostsignificantinthatlearningA.isfulloffunB.isvisualizedC.happensunconsciouslyD.becomesunnecessarywhoaremostlikelytobenefitfromthestudy?TeenagersMusiciansSeniorpeopleAthletes第三篇SmallButWiseOnDecember14,NASA1blastedasmallbutmightytelescopeintospace.ThetelescopeiscalledWISEandisaboutaswidearoundasatrashcan.Don'tletitssmallsizefoolyou:WISEhasapowerfuldigitalcamera,anditwillbetakingpicturesofsomethewildestobjects2intheknownuniverse,includingasteroids,faintstars,blazinggalaxies3andgiantcloudsofdustwhereplanetsandstarsareborn.“I'mveryexcitedbecausewe'regoingtobeseeingpartsoftheuniversethatwehaven'tseenbefore,”saidNedWright,ascientistwhodirectstheWISEproject.Sincearrivinginspace,theWISEtelescopehasbeencirclingtheEarth,heldbygravityinapolarorbit4(thismeansitcrossesclosetothenorthandsouthpoleswitheachlap5).Itscameraispointedoutward,awayfromtheEarth,andWISEwillsnapapictureofadifferentpartoftheskyevery11minutes.Aftersixmonthsitwillhavetakenpicturesacrosstheentiresky.ThepicturestakenbyWISEwon'tbelikeeverydaydigitalphotographs,however.WISEstandsfor“Wide-fieldInfraredSurveyExplorer.”Asitsnamesuggests,theWISEcameratakespicturesoffeaturesthatgiveoffinfraredradiation6.Radiationisenergythattravelsasawave.Visiblelight,includingthefamiliarspectrumoflight7thatbecomesvisibleinarainbow,isanexampleofradiation.Whenanordinarydigitalcameratakesapictureofatree,forexample,itreceivesthewavesofvisiblelightthatarereflectedoffthetree.Whenthesewavesenterthecamerathroughthelens,they'reprocessedbythecamera,whichthenputstheimagetogether.Wavesofinfraredradiationarelongerthanwavesofvisiblelight,soordinarydigitalcamerasdon'tseethem,andneitherdotheeyesofhumanbeings.Althoughinvisibletotheeye,longerinfraredradiationcanbedetectedaswarmthbytheskin.That'sakeyideatowhyWISEwillbeabletoseethingsothertelescopescan't.Noteverythingintheuniverseshowsupinvisiblelight.Asteroids,forexample,aregiantrocksthatfloatthroughspace―buttheyabsorbmostofthelightthatreachesthem.Theydon'treflectlight,sothey'redifficulttosee.Buttheydogiveoffinfraredradiation,soaninfraredtelescopelikeWISEwillbeabletoproduceimagesofthem.DuringitsmissionWISEwilltakepicturesofhundredsofthousandsofasteroids.Browndwarfs8areanotherkindofdeep-spaceobjectthatwillshowupinWISE'spictures.Theseobjectsare“failedwhichmeanstheyarenotmassiveenoughtojumpstart9thesamekindofreactionsthatpowerstarssuchasthesun.Instead,browndwarfssimplyshrinkandcooldown.They'resodimthatthey'realmostimpossibletoseewithvisiblelight,butintheinfraredspectrumtheyglow.

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starsWhatissospecialaboutWISE?AItisassmallasatrashcan.BItissmallinsizebutcarriesalargecamera.CItsdigitalcameracanhelpastronomerstoseetheunknownspace.DNeverbeforehasatelescopecarriedadigitalcamerainspace.42.ThecameraonWISEAisequippedwithexpensivecomputers.Bproducesimagesofobjectsgivingoffinfraredradiation.Creflectslightvisibletothehumaneyes.Dissimilartoanordinarydigitalcamera.43.Itistruethatinfraredradiation.Aisnotdetectabletohumans.Blooksbrighterthanvisiblelight.Cisvisiblelightreflectedoffanobject.Dhaslongerwavesthanthoseofvisiblelight.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutasteroidsisNOTture?ATheWISEtelescopecancatchandtakepicturesofthem.BTheydonotreflectlightthatreachesthem.CTheyfloatthroughspacegivingoffvisiblelight.DTheyareinvisibletoordinarycameras.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatbrowndwarfs.Agiveoffinfraredradiation.Barepowerstarslikethesun.CbecomemassiveandactiveDareinvisibletotheWISEtelescope.五、补全短文TheMysteriesofNazcaInthedesertofPeru,300kilometersfromLima,oneofthemostunusualartworksintheworldhasmystified(诱惑)peoplefordecades.______F____(46)Butfromhighabove,thesemarksarehugeimagesofbirds,fish,seashells,allbeautifullycarvedintotheearth.TheNazcalinesaresodifficulttoseefromthegroundthattheywerentdiscovereduntilthe1930s,whenpilotsspottedthemwhileflyingoverthearea.Inall,thereareabout70differenthumanandanimalfiguresontheplain,alongwith900triangles,circles,andlines.Researchershavefiguredoutthatthelinesareatleast1,500yearsold,buttheirpurposeisstillamystery._____D_______(47)However,itwouldprobablybeverytrickytoxxxxxandaspaceshipinthemiddleofpicturesofdogsandmonkeys.Inthe1940s,anAmericanexplorernamedPaulKosoksuggestedthatthedrawingsareachronicle(记录)ofthemovementofthestarsandplanets.______C____(48)xxxxxanastronomertestedhistheorywithacomputer,buthecouldntfindanyrelationbetweenthelinesandmovementsinspace.Anotherexplanationisthatthelinesmayhavebeenmadeforreligiousreasons.xxxxxresearcherTonyMorrisoninvestigatedthecustomsofpeopleintheAndesxxxxxandlearnedthattheysometimespraybythesideoftheroad.Itspossiblethatxxxxx,thelinesofNazcawerecreatedforasimilarpurpose._______B___Butxxxxxpeoplehaveneverconstructedanythingthisbig.Recently,twootherscientists,DavidJohnsonandSteveMabee,havespeculatedxxxxxlinescouldhavebeenrelatedtowater.Nazcaisoneofthedriestplacesinthexxxxxreceivesonly2cmofraineveryyear.WhileJohnsonwassearchingforxxxxxwatersourcesinthearea,henoticedthatsomewaterwaysbuiltancientxxxxxwereconnectedwiththelines.JohnsonbelievesthattheNazcalinesareagiantxxxxxundergroundwaterinthearea.______E__(50)A..Scholarsdifferininterpretingthepurposeofthedesigns.B.Thelargestpicturemayhavebeenthesitesforspecialceremonies.C.HecalledNazca“thelargestastronomybookintheworldD.ASwisswriternamedErichvonDanikenwrotethattheNazcalinesweredesignedasalandingplaceforUFOs.

”E.Otherscientistsarenowsearchingforevidencetoprovethis.F.Seenfromtheground,itlookslikelinesscratchedintotheearth.六、完型填空SolarPowerwithoutSolarCellsAdramaticandsurprisingmagneticeffectoflightdiscoveredbyUniversityofMichigan1researcherscouldleadtosolarpowerwithouttraditionalsemiconductor-basedsolarcells.Theresearchersfoundawaytomakean“optical51,”saidStephenRand,aprofessorinthedepartmentsofElectricalEngineeringandComputerScience,PhysicsandAppliedPhysics.Lighthaselectricandmagnetic52.Untilnow,scientiststhoughttheeffectofthemagneticfieldweresoweakthattheycouldbe53.WhatRandandhiscolleaguesfoundisthatattherightintensity,whenlightistravelingthroughamaterialthatdoesnot54electricity,thelightfieldcangeneratemagneticeffectsthatare100milliontimesstrongerthanpreviouslyexpected.Underthesecircumstances,themagneticeffectsdevelopstrength55toastrongelectriceffect.“Thiscouldleadtoanewkindofsolarcellwithoutsemiconductorsandwithoutabsorptiontoproducechargeseparation,”Randsaid.“Insolarcells,the56goesint