2023年考研外语考前密押卷15

考研外语考前密押卷15

一、UseofEnglish

1、Therehasarisenduringthistwentiethcentury(asitarosebefore,inageswhichweliketocalldark)apronouncedantiintellectualism,afeelingthatbothstudiesandliteraturearenotmerelyvain,butalso(1)_____untrustworthy.Withpeopleswayedbythiswrong(2)_____thatthereislittleuseinarguing,eitherforhistoryorliterature,orforpoetryormusic,orforthearts(3)_____.

Withothers,thereisstillfaiththatanycivilizationworthyofthenamemustbe(4)_____inaceaselesspursuitoftruth.Whethertruthis(5)_____throughstudyorthroughtheartsmakesnodifference.Anypursuitoftruthisnotonly(6)_____;itisthefoundationstoneofcivilization.

The(7)_____forandreadingofhistoryisoneofthoseapproachestotruth.Itisonlyonesalltheartsandsciencesaresuch(8)_____.Allhavetheirplace;allaregood;andeach(9)_____withtheother.Theyarenotairtightcompartments.Itisonlyinafewinstitutions,subjectedto(10)_____misinformation,thateventsliketheIndustrialRevolutionare(11)_____entirelytothehistorians,thesocialscientists,orthephysicalscientists.Onlywithinthepasthundredyearshavehistorians(12)_____thatwhatpeoplehavedoneinliteratureandartisapartoftheirhistory.BookslikeUncleTom'sCabinhavethemselveshelpedto(13)_____history.

Evenatthemoment,whenscientific(14)_____becomesmoreandmorespecializedandthehistorianconcentratesmoreandmorefiercelyonperiodsand(15)_____,itisbecomingmore(16)_____tothelaymanthatallthisispartofonewhole.Evenona(n)(17)_____whentextbooksarebeingwrittentointroducetothetheoreticalphysicisthiscolleagueswhoareworkingaschemistsorengineersonperhapsthesameproblem,thelaymanisfarenough(18)_____fromallthisspecializationtoseethewhole,possiblyevenmoreclearlythandothe(19)_____.Betweenhistory,biography,theartsandsciences,andevenjournalism,whocoulddrawairtight(20)_____?Notlaymen.Isnotyesterday'snewspaperhistory,andmayitnotbecomeliterature?

A.anyway

B.somehow

C.little

D.sometimes

2、(2)

A.resentment

B.perception

C.assertion

D.snobbishness

3、(3)

A.ingeneral

B.atstake

C.toadegree

D.underway

4、(4)

A.resulted

B.grounded

C.consisted

D.integrated

5、(5)

A.stunned

B.retrieved

C.molded

D.sought

6、(6)

A.strenuous

B.worthwhile

C.malignant

D.reckless

7、(7)

A.excuse

B.sympathy

C.quest

D.distaste

8、(8)

A.legacies

B.strategies

C.expertise

D.schemes

9、(9)

A.interacts

B.assimilates

C.coordinates

D.interferes

10、(10)

A.discreet

B.practical

C.mental

D.moral

11、(11)

A.exposed

B.attributed

C.geared

D.restricted

12、(12)

A.admitted

B.confessed

C.ensured

D.guaranteed

13、(13)

A.ignore

B.make

C.consider

D.turn

14、(14)

A.speculation

B.meditation

C.intimidation

D.investigation

15、(15)

A.intervals

B.spans

C.episodes

D.gaps

16、(16)

A.paradoxical

B.absurd

C.feasible

D.obvious

17、(17)

A.occasion

B.spot

C.plight

D.dilemma

18、(18)

A.exempted

B.detached

C.secured

D.separated

19、(19)

A.amateurs

B.specialists

C.peers

D.pedestrians

20、(20)

A.variations

B.differentiations

C.discriminations

D.distinctions

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

"Alltoooften,inthehistoryoftheUnitedStates,theschoolteacherhasbeeninnopositiontoserveasamodeltotheintellectuallife,"Hofstadterwrote."Toooftenhehasnotonlynoclaimstoanintellectuallifeofhisown,butnotevenanadequateworkmanlikecompetenceintheskillsheissupposedtoimpart."

Harshwords,perhaps,butHofstadter'sideamakessense:Ifteachers—onthefrontlineofeducation—don'thaveanactiveintellectuallife,they'renotlikelytocommunicatealoveoflearningandcriticalthinkingtotheirstudents.

Inhis1995book,OutofOurMinds:Anti-IntellectualismandTalentDevelopmentinAmericanSchools,CraigHowleycitesseveralstudiesabouttheeducationandhabitsofpublicschoolteachers.Accordingtoonestudy,prospectiveteacherstakefewerliberalartscoursesthantheircounterpartsinotherartsandsciencemajors—andfewerupper-divisioncoursesinanysubjectexceptpedagogy.Itappears,Howleywrites,thatprospectiveteachersdonotoftenmakeaspecialeffortduringtheircollegeyearstopursueadvancedstudyinfieldsotherthanpedagogy.

Frequentreadingofliteratureinacademicfieldsisthemarkofthescholar,Howleysays,soit'slogicaltolookatteachers'readinghabits.Readerstendtobemorereflectiveandmorecriticalthannonreaders,arguesHowley,whofoundthatstudiesofteachers'readingshowedtwopatterns:Oneisthatteachersdon'treadverymuch—onaverage,just3.2booksayear.(Infact,11percentofthosesurveyedsaidtheyhadnotreadasinglebookduringthecurrentyear.)Thesecondpatternisthatwhenteachersdoread,theypreferpopularbooksratherthanscholarlyorprofessionalliterature.Ofthosewhowerereadingabouteducation,mostwerereadingbooksintendedforthegeneralpublic.

It'struethatU.S.teachershavetraditionallybeenpoorlypaidandnotwellrespected,whichmeansthatthebestandthebrightestareoftennotattractedtoteaching.Butuntilteacherscanberolemodelsandexhibittheirownloveoflearningandacademics,thechildrenwon'tgetit.

"Createacultureamongtheadults,acommunityofadultswhoarelearners,whoareexcitedaboutideasintheotherdisciplines,"saysDeborahMeier,educatorandauthorofThePowerofTheirIdeas."Theschoolmustrepresentthecultureitwantstoencourage.Ifwewantkidstofeelthatanintellectuallifebelongstothem,itmustbelongtotheteacher,too."

AccordingtoHofstadter,Americanteachers

A.serveasmodelstotheintellectuallife.

B.arenotactiveintheirintellectuallife.

C.onlyworkasadequateworkman.

D.playanveryimportantroleinthesociety.

2、

InCraigHowley'sopinion,prospectiveteachersshould

A.learnmomaboutpedagogy.

B.beactiveonthefrontlineofeducation.

C.takemorecoursesinliberalarts.

D.learnfromtheircounterpartsmajoredinscience.

3、

Theauthorquotedthestudiesofteachers'readingtoshowthat

A.Howleyconductedsophisticatedresearches.

B.therearetwopatternsofteachers'reading.

C.teachersshouldreadmorebooks.

D.thereadingpatternsleadtothepresentsituationofAmericanteachers.

4、

Theword"it"(Line3,Paragraph5)mostprobablyrefersto

A.thestateofbeingrespectedandwell-paid.

B.thewishtobecomethebestandbrighteststudents.

C.acultureamongtheadultsthatembracenewideas.

D.thepassionforlearningandacademics.

5、

Itcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphsthat

A.thebrighteststudentswillchoosetoworkasteachers.

B.teacherswillreadacademicbooksintheirsparetime.

C.teachersplaykeyrolesinbuildingintellectualculture.

D.thesocialstatusofAmericanteachersisquitehighnowadays.

6、Foralmosttenyears,NoelHeathandGlenroyMatthew,betterknownas"Zambo"and"Bobo",haveescapedattemptsbytheUnitedStatestoextraditethemfromtheirhomesontheprettylittleislandofSt.Kittstofacechargesofcocainetrafficking.TheircreativelegalteamhastwicetakenthecasetothePrivyCouncilinLondon,stillthefinalappealcourtformostofBritain'sformerCaribbeancolonies.Bothtimes,mostrecentlylastNovember,apanelofBritishlawlordsruledthattheyshouldbeextradited"withtheutmostexpedition".

"Zambo"and"Bobo"arewell-connectedinStKitts.Theyhavelivedonbailforadecade,beforebeinglockeduplastmonth.Theirlawyershitbackwithahabeascorpuswrit,tobeheardonJanuary18th.Ifthatfails,thewayisopenforofficialstoputthetwoonaplane.

Forreasonsofprinciple,oroffriendshipsintight-knitcommunities,orboth,Caribbeancountrieshavebeenreluctanttoextraditetheirownnationals.TheCaribbeanhasalsobecomesomethingofaheavenforforeignerswantedelsewhereintheworld.Thismaynowchange.ThenextimportanttestcomesinMay,whenthePrivyCouncilwillruleonSamuel"Ninety"Knowles,aBahamianwhohasheldoutsince2000againstachargebyagrandjuryinFlorida.

Proceduralcomplexitiesandpowerfullawyersmaystillstopextraditions.InSeptemberinBelize,DeanBarrow,alawyerwhoisalsotheleaderoftheparliamentaryopposition,hedgedanAmericanattempttoextraditeadrugsuspect.Hefoundmistakesinsupportingpaperwork,whichexcludedtheuseofvitalwiretapevidence.

Extraditionofforeigners,especiallytotheirhomecountry,isofteneasier.ViktorKozeny,aCzech-bornresidentoftheBahamas,hasbeenheldinNassausinceOctober.HeiswantedinNewYorkforcorruptionstemmingfromtheprivatisationofAzerbaijan'soilcompany,andfacesotherchargesinPrague.

Mr.Kozenywillfighthard.HislawyersincludePhilipDavis,amemberofparliamentforthegoverningpartyandformerlegalpartneroftheprimeminister.Evenso,theauthoritiesseemreluctanttograntbail.PerhapsthatisbecauseMr.Kozenyholdsapilot'slicenceandIrishandVenezuelanpassports.HewasonceadiplomatforGrenada.

Non-citizensaresometimessimplyexpelled.TwoBelizeanwomenpickedup$50,000eachontheOprahWinfreyShowinOctober,theirrewardforspottinganallegedrapistfromtheUnitedStateswhowassenthometwodayslaterfortrial.Itisrarelysoquickoreasy.

NoelHeathandGlenroyMatthewareprobably

A.citizensoftheU.S.

B.traffickersinCaribbean.

C.citizensoftheU.K.

D.nationalsinSt.Kitts.

7、

TheCaribbeanbecamesomethingofaheavenbecause

A.ithasheaven-likescenery.

B.itwelcomesallpeoplefromotherpartsoftheworld.

C.itprotectspeoplefrombeingextradited.

D.itisaparadiseforcriminals.

8、

WhyisthenameDeanBarrowmentionedinthispassage?

A.Heisanexpertinthecomplexlegalprocedures.

B.Hefoundmistakesinsupportingpaperwork.

C.Hehelpedtostopanextradition.

D.Heisanexampleofpowerfullawyers.

9、

ThedescriptionofMr.Kozeny'scaseshows

A.corruptionwillnotbegrantedbail.

B.foreignerscanbedifficultlyextraditedtotheirowncountry.

C.Mr.KozenywillbeextraditedtoCzech.

D.extraditioncanbeeasierforpeoplelikehim.

10、

Fromthetextwecanconcludethattheauthor

A.takesadetachedattitude.

B.issupportiveofextradition.

C.isagainstextradition.

D.hassympathyforpeoplewhoareextradited.

11、AfterWallStreetclosedonerecentFriday,ayoungmaninjeansandasportsjacketstrodeintotheshowroomoftheClassicCarClubofManhattan,afewblocksnorthofTribeca.HepacedbetweenanAstonMartinV8,aRolls-RoyceCorniche,twovintageFerrarisandadozenothers,eagertofindsomethingforanightout.Tenminuteslaterhezippedthroughthehangardoorsina2022LotusElise,abrightred,curvylittlenumber.Therewasnobilltopayandnoinsuranceform.tosign.

Luxury-carclubsarewellestablishedinEurope.NowtheyarecatchingonintheUnitedStates.Theideaisthatforanannualmembershipfee,plus(sometimes)aweeklycharge,memberscanhavetheirchoiceofsmartcars.RonVanHorssen,whorecentlyopenedaclubnearPhoenix,saysthemodelisbasedonexecutive-jetsharing.Richpeople,hethinks,arerealisingthat"owninganassetisnotnecessarilythebestwayofgettingthebenefitsofusingit".AspininaVanHorssenFerrariMaranellocosts$4,500perweek,plusthe$7,000annualfee.Nooneneedstoworryaboutmaintenanceorinspections-and,aspricetagsonnewLamborghinisandBentleyshaveclimbed,therichcanevensaveabitofmoney.

OnlyahandfulofclubsexistnowinAmerica,andnonehasnationalscope.ClubSportiva,apioneerwhenitopenedthreeyearsago,isinSanFranciscoandSanJose;ExoticCarShareisinChicagoandNewYork.TheClassicCarClub,aBritishfirm,openeditsManhattanbranchlastJuly.Butmostarelookingtoexpand.TorbinFullerofClubSportivapredictsthat:"We'llbenationalhereinthenexttwotothreeyears."

Avariantontheformulaisofferedbyexoticrental-carcompanies,whichhavenoannualmembershipfee,andrentoutcarsforadayoraweek.Theyaregrowingtoo.DreamCarRentals,aLasVegasfirmwithafleetof140,isopeninganewbranchatFisherman'sWharfinSanFrancisco.Manyofthecompany'sLasVegascustomersareEuropeans,andfemaleclientscomeinonly"onceinabluemoon,"saysGavinMate,amanager.

Themainstreamrental-carcompanieshavealsospottedthetrend,andaredeterminednottobeleftbehind.In2022Hertzlaunchedits"PrestigeCollection",withJaguarsandLincolnNavigatorsandspecialservicessuchasfreepick-up.Thatbusiness,claimsHertz,hasbeenan"unmitigatedsuccess"andcontinuestoexpand.Enterprise,thelargestrentalcompanyinNorthAmerica,reportsanearly45%jumpinluxury-carrentalsintheyeartoOctober2022.AndwithWallStreetbonusessoaring,2022islookingprettygoodaswell.

Ayoungmanchoosingacarisnotedtosuggestthat

A.youngpeoplearenowlivingaluxuriouslife.

B.luxuriouscarsareveryexpensive.

C.luxury-carclubisnowverypopular.

D.rentingacarfromaclubiseasyandconvenient.

12、

WecanconcludefromthesecondparagraphthatinRonVanHorssen'sclub

A.mostmembersarerichpeople.

B.membersshouldpayannuallyplusweeklyrent.

C.memberssharesomepartofthemaintenanceorinspectionsfees.

D.executive-jetsharingserviceisalsoavailable.

13、

Bysaying"avariantontheformula"(Line1,Paragraph4),theauthormeansthat

A.luxury-carrentalisanewbusiness.

B.foreigncar-rentalbusinessisdifferentfromluxury-carclubs.

C.rental-carcompaniesrunindifferentways.

D.rental-carbusinessisnewlydeveloping.

14、

The"prestigeCollection"businessofHertzis

A.decreasing,

B.justabouttobegin.

C.absolutelymakinggood.

D.gainingsomeprofits.

15、

Theauthorseemstobemainlyconcernedwith

A.themainstreamrental-carcompanies.

B.theexoticrental-carcompanies.

C.luxury-carrentalbusiness.

D.luxury-carclubs.

16、Aschildhood-obesityratesskyrocket,doctorsareseeinganalarmingriseinacostlydiseaseonceunheardofinchildren:type2diabetes.Unliketype1,or"juvenile"diabetes—anautoimmunedisorderinwhichthepancreasstopsproducinginsulin—type2diabetesislinkedtodietandlifestyle.Itusuallydevelopsonlyinindividualswhoaregeneticallysickenforthecondition,butrequiresatrigger—typically,insulinresistanceresultingfromovereating.Thediseaseusedtobeseenonlyinadultsbecauseittookyearstoexhaustthebody'snaturalinsulinproductionandresistance.Nolonger.WithkidsfromAustriatoAustraliaeatingadietladenwithfatsandsugars,type2diabetesisstrikingateverearlierages.SaysArianRosenbloom,aFlorida-basedpediatricendocrinologist:"Wedonotseetype2inkidsofnormalweight."

Thepatternissimilarallovertheworld.IntheUnitedStatesandBritain,halfofthenewcasesofdiabetesinchildrenaretype2,comparedwithjust4percentin1990.InChina,where90percentofthechildrenwhohavecontractedthediseasearenowtype2,expertssaytheincidencehasbeenrisingby9percenteachyearsince1992.Between1975and1995inJapan,casesoftype2inchildrenincreasedfourfold.AndchildreninLatinAmericacouldseea45percentriseinthediseaseby2022.

Thetrendmirrorstheexplosionofdiabetesamongthegeneralpopulation.In1985anestimated30millionpeopleworldwidehadthedisease;todaythatnumberhasbeenmorethanfivefold,to177million,85percentofwhomhavetype2.Ifmoderndietandlifestyle.aren'tdrasticallyaltered,theWorldHealthOrganizationexpectsthisnumbertorisetonearly300millioncasesby2025—halfoftheminAsia.

Thebiggestdangerofdevelopingdiabetesatayoungerageisthatitallowsmoretimeforcomplications.Amongotherthings,diabetescommonlycausesblindness,lossofcirculation,heartandkidneydisease,strokesanddangerouslyhighblood-sugarlevels.Foryoungpeoplewithdiabetes,theexpectedlifespanis15yearslessthanaverage.NevilleRigby,headofpolicyandpublicaffairsattheInternationalObesityTaskForce,putsitbluntly:"Someofthesechildrenaregoingtodiebeforetheirparents."

Ultimately,diabetesisincurable.Althoughchangesinlifestyle.anddietcanhelpstemtheprogressionofthedisease,itneverdisappears.Mostpatientsareoninsulininjectionsadecadeafterdiagnosis.RalphAbraham,aspecialistattheLondonDiabetesandLipidCentre,comparestryingtodevelopahealthybodyafterbeingdiagnosedto"tryingtorunupadownescalator."Thebestlongtermhopeforreversingthetrendisforsocietytogetitsweightproblemundercontrol.

Accordingtothepassage,childrenwithtype2diabetes

A.sufferanautoimmunedisorder.

B.aregeneticallyweakintheirconstitution.

C.areusuallyoverweight.

D.stopproducinginsulin.

17、

Thefiguresinparagraph2denotes

A.Chinahasthelargestnumberofchildrenwithtype2diabetes.

B.Japanhasthebiggestgrowthrateinnewcasesofdiabetes.

C.LatinAmericaseesthegreatestriseinthedisease,

D.theincreasingpatternsareMikeinmanycountries.

18、

Towhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthormostlikelyagree?

A.Peoplewillchangetheirlifestyle.anddiet.

B.ThepredictionmadebyWHOmayberealized.

C.TheWHOoverestimatesthedangerofdiabetes.

D.Diabeteswillbethemostpopulardiseasearoundtheworld.

19、

WhatmighttheauthorthinkofNevilleRigby'scomment?

A.It'sridiculous.

B.It'salarming.

C.It'soutofthequestion.

D.It'saccurate.

20、

Accordingtothelastparagraph,diabeteswill

A.becuredinsomeway.

B.remainapersistentailment.

C.beeradicatedinthefuture.

D.onlyaffectoverweightpeople.

21、PartB(10points)

Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA-G.Someoftheparagraphshavebeenplacedforyou.(10points)

A.Inanycase,omnipresentchippingisyearsaway.Undaunted,RFIDchipmakerVeriChipislookingforbigbanksandcredit-cardfirmsinterestedinofferingRFID-basede-wallets.Ifsuccessful,theywouldtrulygiveshoulderinguptothebarforadrinkawholenewmeaning.

B.AstheBajaBeachClubtrialshows,RFIDcantagpeopleaswellasgoods.SomehospitalsateusingRFIDbraceletsonnewbornbabiesandelderlypatientswithdementia.ChildreninoneJapaneseschoolwaveRFIDcardstoalerttheirparentsthatthey'vearrived.

C.Forsomeretailers,RFIDisawaytoprovideamoreseamlessshoppingexperience.BritishretailgiantMarksSpenceriscurrentlytaggingmen'ssuitsinseveralLondonstoresaspartofatest.Whenyoubuyasize42,thestockroom—alertedbythetag—sendsupanother.InPrada'sNewYorkstore,ifyouholdadressnearamonitor,you'llseemodelswearingitonarunway.

D.AntoineHazelaarhasachiponhisshoulder—orratherjustbeneaththeskinofhisleftarm.It'sapieceofsiliconthesizeofagrainofrice,anditemitswirelesssignalsthatarepickedupbyscannersnearby.Eversincethe34-year-oldWeb-siteproducerhadthechipimplantedinhisarm,he'senjoyedVIPstatusatBarcelona'sBajaBeachClub.Insteadofqueuingupbehindvelvetropes,Hazelaarallowstheguardtoscanhisarm,andstrollsrightin.Ifhewantsadrink,thebartenderwavesanelectronicwandthatdeductsfromthe100EurotabonHazelaar'schip.

E.Suchscience-fictionalclubbingismadepossiblebyRadioFrequencyIdentification,orRFID,technology—tinydigitalchipsthatbroadcastwirelesssignals.RFIDtagsarecheapandsmallenoughtobedisposable,andthey'regettingcheaperandsmallerbytheday.Retailstoresarebeginningtousethemasglorifiedbarcodes,puttingthemoncasesofbananasorCokesotheycankeeptrackoftheirinventory.Thetechnologyhasthepotentialtotransform.ourrelationshiptotheobjectsaroundus.Theprospectisexciting,butitraisestroublingquestionsabouttheinvasionofprivacy.

F.Fornow,businessesseeitasawaytosavemoneyandimproveservice.Biggroceries,departmentstoresandotherretailersaroundtheworldareaskingsupplierstoputRFIDtagsonshipmentsofgoods.Staffwillknowexactlywhereitemsareandwhentheycamein.Customerswillneverhavetoleavethestoreempty-handedbecauseitemswillneverrunout—wirelesssignalswillalertstafferstodwindlingsuppliesofsoap.What'smore,RFIDwillhelpcombattheftorforging,problemsthatcostbusinesses$500billionayear.

G.Privacyimplicationsremainabigobstacle.Thefearisthatcompaniesorgovernmentscouldusethetagsasameansofmonitoring.ProponentscounterthatRFIDtagstransmitforonlyafewmeters,andthedatacanbedeactivatedonceaproductleavesthestore.Nevertheless,CASPLANandotherwatchdoggroupshavewonconcessionsfromretailers.Wal-MartandBenettonwillonlyusethetagsonpallets,notonindividualitems,andMetrohasgottenridofRFID-enabledloyaltycards.

Order:DisthefirstparagraphandAisthelast.

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26、PartC

Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegm