考研英语一阅读历年真题

考研英语一阅读历年真题

考研英语一阅读历年真题1

Text3

Theroughguidetomarketingsuccessusedtobe

thatyougotwhatyoupaidfor.Nolonger.While

traditional“paid"media-suchastelevision

mercialsandprintadvertisements-stillplaya

majorrole,paniestodaycanexploitmany

alternativeformsofmedia.Consumerspassionate

aboutaproductmaycreate“owned”mediabysending

e-mailalertsaboutproductsandsalestocustomers

registeredwithitsWebsite.Thewayconsumersnow

approachthebroadrangeoffactorsbeyond

conventionalpaidmedia.

Paidandownedmediaarecontrolledbymarketers

promotingtheirownproducts.Forearnedmedia,

suchmarketersactastheinitiatorfor

users'responses.Butinsomecases,one

marketersownedmediabeeanothermarketerpaid

media-forinstance,whenane-merceretailer

sellsadspaceonitsWebsite.Wedefinesuchsold

mediaasownedmediawhosetrafficissostrongthat

otherorganizationsplacetheircontentore-merce

engineswithinthatenvironment.Thistrend,which

webelieveisstillinitsinfancy,effectively

beganwithretailersandtravelproviderssuchas

airlinesandhotelsandwillnodoubtgofurther.

Johnson&Johnson,forexample,hascreated

BabyCenter,astand-alonemediapropertythat

promotesplementaryandevenpetitiveproducts.

Besidesgeneratingine,thepresenceofother

marketersmakesthesiteseemobjective,gives

paniesopportunitiestolearnvaluableinformation

abouttheappealofotherpanies'marketing,and

mayhelpexpandusertrafficforallpaniesconcerned.

Thesamedramatictechnologicalchangesthathave

providedmarketerswithmore(andmorediverse)

municationschoiceshavealsoincreasedtheriskthat

passionateconsumerswillvoicetheiropinionsin

quicker,morevisible,andmuchmoredamagingways.

Suchhijackedmediaaretheoppositeofearned

media：anassetorcampaignbeeshostageto

consumers,otherstakeholders,oractivistswho

makenegativeallegationsaboutabrandorproduct.

Membersofsocialnetworks,forinstance,are

learningthattheycanhijackmediatoapplypressure

onthebusinessesthatoriginallycreatedthem.

Ifthathappens,passionateconsumerswouldtry

topersuadeotherstoboycottproducts,puttingthe

reputationofthetargetpanyatrisk.Insucha

case,thepany'sresponsemaynotbesufficiently

quickorthoughtful,andthelearningcurvehasbeen

steep.ToyotaMotor,forexample,alleviatedsome

ofthedamagefromitsrecallcrisisearlierthis

yearwitharelativelyquickandwell-orchestrated

social-mediaresponsecampaign,whichincluded

effortstoengagewithconsumersdirectlyonsites

suchasTwitterandthesocial-newssiteDigg.

31.Consumersmaycreate“earned“mediawhenthey

are

[A]obsessedwithonlineshoppingatcertainWeb

sites.

[B]inspiredbyproduct-promotinge-mailssentto

them.

[C]eagertohelptheirfriendspromotequality

products.

ED]enthusiasticaboutremendingtheirfavorite

products.

32.AccordingtoParagraph2,soldmediafeature

[A]asafebusinessenvironment.

[B]randompetition.

[C]strongusertraffic.

[D]flexibilityinorganization.

33.TheauthorindicatesinParagraph3that

earnedmedia

[A]inviteconstantconflictswithpassionate

consumers.

[B]canbeusedtoproducenegativeeffectsin

marketing.

[C]mayberesponsibleforfiercerpetition.

[D]deserveallthenegativementsaboutthem.

34.ToyotaMotor'sexperienceiscitedasan

exampleof

[A]respondingeffectivelytohijackedmedia.

[B]persuadingcustomersintoboycottingproducts.

[C]cooperatingwithsupportiveconsumers.

[D]takingadvantageofhijackedmedia.

35.Whichofthefollowingisthetextmainly

about?

[A]Alternativestoconventionalpaidmedia.

[B]Conflictbetweenhijackedandearnedmedia.

[C]Dominanceofhijackedmedia.

[D]Popularityofownedmedia.

考研英语一阅读历年真题2

Text3

ThejournalScienceisaddinganextrasourceat

Peer-reviewprocess,editor-in-chiefMarciaMcNott

announcedtoday.TheFollowssimilareffortsfrom

otherjournals,afterwidespreadconcernthat

Mistakesindataanalysisarecontributingtothe

Publishedresearchfindings.

"Readersmusthaveconfidenceintheconclusions

publishedinourjournal,"writesMcNuttinan

editorial.WorkingwiththeAmericanStatistical

Association,theJournalhasappointedsevenexperts

toastatisticsboardofreviewingManuscriptwillbe

flaggedupforadditionalscrutinybytheJournal's

editors,orbyitsexistingBoardofReviewing

EditorsorbyoutsidepeerTheSBoREpanelwillthen

findexternalstatisticianstoreviewthese

Askedwhetheranyparticularpapershadimpelled

thechange,McNuttsaid,"Thecreationof

the'statisticsboard1wasmotivatedbyconcerns

broadlywiththeapplicationofstatisticsanddata

analysisinscientificresearchandispartof

Science'soveralldrivetoincreasereproducibility

intheresearchwepublish."

GiovanniParmigiani,abiostatisticianatthe

HarvardSchoolofPublicHealth,amemberofthe

SBoREgroup,saysheexpectstheboardto"play

primarilyonadvisoryrole.*'Heagreedtojoin

becausehe“foundtheforesightbehindthe

establishmentoftheSBoREtobenovel,uniqueand

likelytohavealastingimpact.Thisimpactwillnot

onlybethroughthepublicationsinScienceitself,

buthopefullythroughalargergroupofpublishing

placesthatmaywanttomodeltheirapproachafter

Science."

Johnloannidis,aphysicianwhostudiesresearch

methodology,saysthatthepolicyis"amostwele

stepforward"and"longoverdue,n"Mostjournalsare

weakinstatisticalreview,andthisdamagesthe

qualityofwhattheypublish.Ithinkthat,forthe

majorityofscientificpapersnowadays,statistical

reviewismoreessentialthanexpertreview,"hesays.

ButhenotedthatbiomedicaljournalssuchasAnnals

ofInternalMedicine,theJournaloftheAmerican

MedicalAssociationandTheLancetpaystrong

attentiontostatisticalreview.

Professionalscientistsareexpectedtoknowhow

toanalyzedata,butstatisticalerrorsare

alarminglymoninpublishedresearch,accordingto

DavidVaux,acellbiologist.Researchersshould

improvetheirstandards,hewrotein20XX,but

journalsshouldalsotakeatougherline,"engaging

reviewerswhoarestatisticallyliterateandeditors

whocanverifytheprocess."VauxsaysthatScience's

ideatopasssomepaperstostatisticians"hassome

merit,butaweaknessisthatitreliesontheboard

ofreviewingeditorstoidentify'thepapersthatneed

scrutiny'inthefirstplace.n

31.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraphIthat

[A]Scienceintendstosimplifyitspeer-review

process.

[B]journalsarestrengtheningtheirstatistical

checks.

[C]fewjournalsareblamedformistakesindata

analysis.

[D]lackofdataanalysisismoninresearch

projects.

32.Thephrase"flaggedup(Para.2)istheclosest

inmeaningto

[A]found.

[B]revised.

[C]marked

[D]stored

33.GiovanniParmigianibelievesthatthe

establishmentoftheSBoREmay

[A]poseathreattoallitspeers

[Blmeetwithstrongopposition

[C]increaseScience'scirculation.

[D]setanexampleforotherjournals

34.DavidVauxholdsthatwhatScienceisdoing

now

A.addstoresearchers'worklosd.

B.diminishestheroleofreviewers.

C.hasroomforfurtherimprovement.

D.istofailintheforeseeablefuture.

35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleof

thetext?

A.ScienceJoinsPushtoScreenStatisticsin

Papers

B.ProfessionalStatisticiansDeserveMoreRespect

C.DataAnalysisFindsItsWayontoEditors'Desks

D.StatisticiansAreComingBackwithScience

考研英语一阅读历年真题3

Text3

Anyfair-mindedassessmentofthedangersofthe

dealbetweenBritain'sNationalHealthService(NHS)

andDeepMindmuststartbyacknowledgingthatboth

sidesmeanwell.DeepMindisoneoftheleading

artificialintelligence(AI)paniesintheworld.The

potentialofthisworkappliedtohealthcareisvery

great,butitcouldalsoleadtofurther

concentrationofpowerinthetechgiants.ItIs

againstthatbackgroundthattheinformation

missioner,ElizabethDenham,hasissuedherdamning

verdictagainsttheRoyalFreehospitaltrustunder

theNHS,whichhandedovertoDeepMindtherecordsof

1.6millionpatientsIn20XXonthebasisofavague

agreementwhichtookfartoolittleaccountofthe

patients'rightsandtheirexpectationsofprivacy.

DeepMindhasalmostapologized.TheNHStrusthas

mendeditsways.Furtherarrangements-andtheremay

bemany-betweentheNHSandDeepMindwillbe

carefullyscrutinisedtoensurethatallnecessary

permissionshavebeenaskedofpatientsandall

unnecessarydatahasbeencleaned.Therearelessons

aboutinformedpatientconsenttolearn.Butprivacy

isnottheonlyangleinthiscaseandnoteventhe

mostimportant.MsDenhamchosetoconcentratethe

blameontheNHStrust,sinceunderexistinglawit

“controlled”thedataandDeepMindmerely

“processed"it.Butthisdistinctionmissesthe

pointthatitisprocessingandaggregation,notthe

merepossessionofbits,thatgivesthedatavalue.

Thegreatquestioniswhoshouldbenefitfromthe

analysisofallthedatathatourlivesnowgenerate.

Privacylawbuildsontheconceptofdamagetoan

individualfromidentifiableknowledgeaboutthem.

Thatmissesthewaythesurveillanceeconomyworks.

Thedataofanindividualtheregainsitsvalueonly

whenitisparedwiththedataofcountlessmillions

more.

Theuseofprivacylawtocurbthetechgiantsin

thisinstancefeelsslightlymaladapted.This

practicedoesnotaddresstherealworry.Itisnot

enoughtosaythatthealgorithmsDeepMinddevelops

willbenefitpatientsandsavelives.Whatmattersis

thattheywillbelongtoaprivatemonopolywhich

developedthemusingpublicresources.Ifsoftware

promisestosavelivesonthescalethatdugsnowcan,

bigdatamaybeexpectedtobehaveasabigpharmhas

done.Wearestillatthebeginningofthis

revolutionandsmallchoicesnowmayturnouttohave

giganticconsequenceslater.Alongstrugglewillbe

neededtoavoidafutureofdigitalfeudalism.Ms

Denham'sreportisawelestart.

31.WhaistrueoftheagreementbetweentheNHS

andDeepMind?

[A]Itcausedconflictsamongtechgiants.

[B]Itfailedtopaydueattentiontopatient's

rights.

[C]Itfellshortofthelatter'sexpectations

ED]Itputbothsidesintoadangeroussituation.

32.TheNHStrustrespondedtoDenham'sverdict

with

[A]emptypromises.

[B]toughresistance.

[C]necessaryadjustments.

[D]sincereapologies.

33.TheauthorarguesinParagraph2that

[A]privacyprotectionmustbesecuredatall

costs.

[B]leakingpatients1dataisworsethanselling

it.

[C]makingprofitsfrompatients'dataisillegal.

[D]thevalueofdataesfromtheprocessingofit

34.Accordingtothelastparagraph,therealworry

arisingfromthisdealis

[A]theviciousrivalryamongbigpharmas.

[B]theineffectiveenforcementofprivacylaw.

[C]theuncontrolleduseofnewsoftware.

[D]themonopolyofbigdatabytechgiants.

35.Theauthor1sattitudetowardtheapplicationof

AItohealthcareis

[A]ambiguous.

[B]cautious.

EC]appreciative.

[D]contemptuous.

考研英语一阅读历年真题4

Text3

TheUS$3-millionFundamentalphysicsprizeis

indeedaninterestingexperiment,asAlexander

Polyakovsaidwhenheacceptedthisyear'sawardin

March.Anditisfarfromtheonlyoneofitstype.

AsaNewsFeaturearticleinNaturediscusses,a

stringoflucrativeawardsforresearchershave

joinedtheNobelPrizesinrecentyears.Many,like

theFundamentalPhysicsPrize,arefundedfromthe

telephone-number-sizedbankaccountsofInternet

entrepreneurs.Thesebenefactorshavesucceededin

theirchosenfields,theysay,andtheywanttouse

theirwealthtodrawattentiontothosewhohave

succeededinscience.

What'snottolike?Quitealot,accordingtoa

handfulofscientistsquotedintheNewsFeature.You

cannotbuyclass,astheoldsayinggoes,andthese

upstartentrepreneurscannotbuytheirprizesthe

prestigeoftheNobels,Thenewawardsarean

exerciseinself-promotionforthosebehindthem,say

scientists.Theycoulddistorttheachievement-based

systemofpeer-review-ledresearch.Theycouldcement

thestatusquoofpeer-reviewedresearch.Theydonot

fundpeer-reviewedresearch.Theyperpetuatethemyth

ofthelonegenius.

Thegoalsoftheprize-giversseemasscatteredas

thecriticism.Somewanttoshock,otherstodraw

peopleintoscience,ortobetterrewardthosewho

havemadetheircareersinresearch.

AsNaturehaspointedoutbefore,therearesome

legitimateconcernsabouthowscienceprizes-both

newandold-aredistributed.TheBreakthroughPrize

inLifeSciences,launchedthisyear,takesan

unrepresentativeviewofwhatthelifesciences

include.ButtheNobelFoundation'slimitofthree

recipientsperprize,eachofwhommuststillbe

living,haslongbeenoutgrownbythecollaborative

natureofmodernresearch—aswillbedemonstratedby

theinevitablerowoverwhoisignoredwhenitesto

acknowledgingthediscoveryoftheHiggsboson.The

Nobelswere,ofcourse,themselvessetupbyavery-

richindividualwhohaddecidedwhathewantedtodo

withhisownmoney.Time,ratherthanintention,has

giventhemlegitimacy.

Asmuchassomescientistsmayplainaboutthenew

awards,twothingsseemclear.First,most

researcherswouldacceptsuchaprizeiftheywere

offeredone.Second,itissurelyagoodthingthat

themoneyandattentionetoscienceratherthango

elsewhere,Itisfairtocriticizeandquestionthe

mechanism-thatisthecultureofresearch,after

all—butitistheprize-givers'moneytodowithas

theyplease.Itiswisetotakesuchgiftswith

gratitudeandgrace.

真题解析：

文章主题及背景知识：此篇阅读的主题内容为“基础物理

学奖”，如果对于这一背景信息有所了解，这篇文章便可轻

松看懂，做题更是十拿九稳！与20XX年相比，20XX考研阅读

文章同样注重时效性，Text3便是反应了20XX年3月份的一

次实时事件：基础物理学基金会于3月20日晚在瑞士日内瓦

揭晓了20XX年基础物理学奖!所以20XX考研的同学们一定要

多多关注社会热点话题，拓展视野，丰富自己的文化背景知

识，这样才能取得事半功倍的效果！

文章讲到的是关于和诺贝尔奖一样的奖金丰厚的奖项出

现，这些奖项就是由一些网络的公司或者是一些新贵们他们

得出这样大量的钱，当然会遭出一些批评，这些奖项还是没

法和诺贝尔奖相比的，阶级是没法改变的，名望是没法购买

的。当然这一系列的东西，在前三段当中谈到之后，到了最

后一段，作者表明他的观点，纵然这些对科学家的奖励在奖

项上存在着一些瑕疵，存在着一些不合理的地方。但是对于

科学家来说，有人给你钱支持你的研究，终归是好的。也就

是说从31到35题基本上没有难题，也没有可以去争议的，

也是既所得的文章。

31.TheFundamentalPhysicalPrizeisseenas

[A]asymboloftheentrepreneursswealth.

[B]apossiblereplacementoftheNobelPrize.

[C]anexampleofbankers'investment.

[D]ahandsomerewardforresearchers.

答案：A为细节题。根据题干中的Fundamental