2022年考研英语(一)完整真题及答案解析（考研帮版）

年考研英语(一)完整真题及答案解析（考研帮版）SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Couldahugadaykeepthedoctoraway?Theanswermaybearesoundingyes!___1__helpingyoufeelcloseand__2___topeopleyoucareabout,itturnsoutthathugscanbringa___3__ofhealthbenefitstoyourbodyandmind.Believeitornot,awarmembracemightevenhelpyou__4___gettingsickthiswinter.

Inarecentstudy___5__over400healthyadults,researchersfromCarnegieMellonUniversityinPennsylvaniaexaminedtheeffectsofperceivedsocialsupportandthereceiptofhugs___6__theparticipantssusceptibility（敏感性）todevelopingthecommoncoldafterbeing___7__tothevirus.Peoplewhoperceivedgreatersocialsupportwerelesslikelytocome___8__withacold,andtheresearchers__9___thatthestress-reducingeffectsofhugging___10__about32percentofthatbeneficialeffect.___11__amongthosewhogotacold,theoneswhofeltgreatersocialsupportandreceivedmorefrequenthugshadlesssevere__12___.

Huggingprotectspeoplewhoareunderstressfromthe___13__riskforcoldsthatsusually__14___withstress,notesSheldonCohen,aprofessorofpsychologyatCarnegie.Huggingisamarkerofintimacyandhelps__15___thefeelingthatothersaretheretohelp___16__difficulty.

Someexperts___17__thestress-reducing,health-relatedbenefitsofhuggingtothereleaseofoxytocin（后叶催产素）,oftencalledthebondinghormone__18___itpromotesattachmentinrelationships,includingthatbetweenmothersandtheirnewbornbabies.Oxytocinismadeprimarilyinthecentrallowerpartofthebrain,andsomeofitisreleasedintothebloodstream.Butsomeofit___19__inthebrain,whereit__20___mood,behaviorandphysiology.

注：红色为答案

1.

[A]Besides

[B]Unlike

[C]Throughout

[D]Despite

介词辨析。从前后文意思来看，此处为递进关系，前后都表示拥抱的好处，Besides符合题意。因此答案为A项。

2.

[A]equal

[B]restricted

[C]connected

[D]inferior

考查词汇意思和并列关系。此处的词汇应当与close意思相近。拥抱使人与人亲近，当然也让人联系紧密。Connected有联系的，符合题意。因此答案为C项。

3.

[A]view

[B]host

[C]lesson

[D]choice

固定搭配。ahostof意为很多。拥抱能带来许多健康好处。符合题意。因此答案为B选项。

4.

[A]avoid

[B]forget

[C]recall

[D]keep

依据句子意思，拥抱能让人避开冬天生病。其他几个词汇均不符合题意。因此答案为A选项。

5.

[A]collecting

[B]affecting

[C]guiding

[D]involving

动词辨析。该句的意思是这项讨论包含了400名健康的成年人。D选项involve具有包含的意思。collect意为收集，affect意为影响,guide意为指导，均不符合题意。因此答案为D选项。

6.

[A]on

[B]in

[C]at

[D]of

固定搭配。去掉修饰成分，可以看到句子主干为researchersexaminedtheeffectsofhugs__theparticipantssusceptibility.对参加者敏感性的影响。effectonsth.对的影响。因此答案为A选项。

7.

[A]devoted

[B]attracted

[C]lost

[D]exposed

动词辨析。beexposedto患病；暴露于，bedevotedto致力于，beattractedto被吸引，belostto不再属于；无动于衷。beexposedto符合题意。因此答案为D选项。

8.

[A]along

[B]across

[C]down

[D]out

固定搭配。Comedownwith生病comealongwith伴同，一起comeacrosswith偿付comeoutwith发布，展出。只有comedownwithacold感冒，符合题意。因此答案为C选项。

9.

[A]imagined

[B]denied

[C]doubted

[D]calculated

考查动词。依据后文32%这一数据可以推想出此处的动词意为计算calculate。imagine想象，deny否认，doubt怀疑都不符合原文意思。因此答案为D选项。

10.

[A]served

[B]restored

[C]explained

[D]required

结合第九题，此处计算到这种影响解释说明白这个32%的比例，其他数据都不能起到解释的意思。serve服务；resore恢复，储存；require要求。因此答案为C选项。

11.

[A]Thus

[B]Still

[C]Rather

[D]Even

考查规律关系词。后面的内容是对前一句话程度的进一步加深，even甚至，即使。符合语义。因此答案为D选项。

12.

[A]defeats

[B]symptoms

[C]errors

[D]tests

考查词义。即使是感冒的人，假如有强大的社会支持，常常和别人拥抱，就很少有感冒的症状。symptom症状，征兆符合题意。因此答案为B选项。

13.

[A]highlighted

[B]increased

[C]controlled

[D]minimized

上下文语义及词义辨析。拥抱能够爱护处于压力之下的人们免受增加的感冒风险的威逼。因此答案为B选项。

14.

[A]presented

[B]equipped

[C]associated

[D]compared

考查固定搭配。依据上下文，原文中说"感冒是和压力相联系的'，beassociatedwith.

"和...有关'bepresentedwith和一起出席，beequippedwith装备，becomparedwith比较。C选项associatedwith符合题意。因此答案为C选项。

15.

[A]assess

[B]generate

[C]moderate

[D]record

考查动词。拥抱能够关心人们产生一种感觉，此处应填generate。因此答案为B选项。

16.

[A]inthenameof

[B]intheformof

[C]inthefaceof

[D]inthewayof

固定搭配。依据句子意思，拥抱能让人产生一种面对危急的时候，别人会来帮你的感觉。inthefaceof面对，inthenameof以的名义，inthewayof在方面。Inthefaceof符合题意。因此答案为C。

17.

[A]attribute

[B]commit

[C]transfer

[D]return

固定搭配。句子主干为someexperts___thebenefitstoattributeto归因于,committo承诺，担当责任，transferto转到，returnto回到。因此答案为A选项。

18.

[A]unless

[B]because

[C]though

[D]until

考查规律关系词。依据上下文可以看出，后面的一句话是对前面的话进行的解释，表示缘由。所以选because.因此答案为B选项。

19.

[A]remains

[B]emerges

[C]vanishes

[D]decreases

考查动词词义。依据前后文意思，一部分后叶催产素已经释放到血液中，那么另一些保留在大脑中发挥作用。remain保存，保留，emerge消失，vanish消逝，decrease削减。因此答案为A选项。

20.

[A]experiences

[B]combines

[C]justifies

[D]influences

考查上下文理解。后叶催产素影响着人们的心情、行为以及生理机能。因此答案为D选项。

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

Firsttwohours,nowthreehoursthisishowfarinadvanceauthoritiesarerecommendingpeopleshowuptocatchadomesticflight,atleastatsomemajorU.S.airportswithincreasinglymassivesecuritylines.

Americansarewillingtotoleratetime-consumingsecurityprotocolsinreturnforincreasedsafety.ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804,whichterroristsmayhavedownedovertheMediterraneanSea,providesanothertragicreminderofwhy.Butdemandingtoomuchofairtravelersorprovidingtoolittlesecurityinreturnunderminespublicsupportfortheprocess.Anditshould:WastedtimeisadragonAmericanseconomicandprivatelives,nottomentioninfuriating.

Lastyear,theTransportationSecurityAdministration(TSA)foundinasecretcheckthatundercoverinvestigatorswereabletosneakweaponsbothfakeandrealpastairportsecuritynearlyeverytimetheytried.Enhancedsecuritymeasuressincethen,combinedwithariseinairlinetravelduetotheimprovingeconomyandlowoilprices,haveresultedinlongwaitsatmajorairportssuchasChicagosOHareInternational.Itisnotyetclearhowmuchmoreeffectiveairlinesecurityhasbecomebutthelinesareobvious.

Partoftheissueisthatthegovernmentdidnotanticipatethesteepincreaseinairlinetravel,sotheTSAisnowrushingtogetnewscreenersontheline.Partoftheissueisthatairportshaveonlysomuchroomforscreeninglanes.Anotherfactormaybethatmorepeoplearetryingtooverpacktheircarry-onbagstoavoidchecked-baggagefees,thoughtheairlinesstronglydisputethis.

ThereisonesteptheTSAcouldtakethatwouldnotrequireremodelingairportsorrushingtohire:EnrollmorepeopleinthePreCheckprogram.PreCheckissupposedtobeawin-winfortravelersandtheTSA.Passengerswhopassabackgroundcheckareeligibletouseexpeditedscreeninglanes.ThisallowstheTSAtofocusontravelerswhoarehigherrisk,savingtimeforeveryoneinvolved.TSAwantstoenroll25millionpeopleinPreCheck.

Ithasnotgottenanywhereclosetothat,andonebigreasonisstickershock:Passengersmustpay$85everyfiveyearstoprocesstheirbackgroundchecks.Sincethebeginning,thispricetaghasbeenPreChecksfatalflaw.Upcomingreformsmightbringthepricetoamorereasonablelevel.ButCongressshouldlookintodoingsodirectly,byhelpingtofinancePreCheckenrollmentortocutcostsinotherways.

TheTSAcannotcontinuedivertingresourcesintounderusedPreChecklaneswhilemostofthetravelingpublicsuffersinunnecessarylines.Itislongpasttimetomaketheprogramwork.

21.ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804ismentionedto____

[A]explainAmericanstoleranceofcurrentsecuritychecks.

[B]stresstheurgencytostrengthensecurityworldwide.

[C]highlightthenecessityofupgradingmajorU.S.airports.

[D]emphasizetheimportanceofprivacyprotection.

解析：A

本题属于例证题，定位在其次段依据例证题的解题技巧。答案应当在例子的前面找，也就是本段的段首句：Americansarewillingtotoleratetime-consumingsecurityprotocolsinreturnforincreasedsafety.美国人情愿忍受耗费时间的平安检查协议，为了换来更高的平安性。正好符合A选项解释了美国人能够忍受长时间的平安检查。

22.Whichofthefollowingcontributestolongwaitsatmajorairports?

[A]Newrestrictionsoncarry-onbags.

[B]ThedecliningefficiencyoftheTSA.

[C]Anincreaseinthenumberoftravellers.

[D]Frequentunexpectedsecretchecks.

解析：C

本题属于细节题，定位在第三段。Enhancedsecuritymeasuressincethen,combinedwithariseinairlinetravelduetotheimprovingeconomyandlowoilprices,haveresultedinlongwaitsatmajorairports,安检措施的加强，航空旅游人员的增加，导致了在主要机场的长时间等待。其他三项均不符合原文意思。

23.Theword"expedited'(Liner4,Para.5)isclosetinmeaningto____

[A]quieter.

[B]cheaper.

[C]wider.

[D]faster.

解析：D

本题属于猜词题，定位在第五段，expedited这个词所在的这句话，Passengerswhopassabackgroundcheckareeligibletouseexpeditedscreeninglanes.通过背景核查的乘客有资格使用拍摄通道；前文说EnrollmorepeopleinthePreCheckprogram，让更多的人注册预先检查程序，预先就是更快的，所以应当是faster。

24.OneproblemwiththePreCheckprogramis____

[A]adramaticreductionofitsscale.

[B]itswrongly-directedimplementation.

[C]thegovernmentsreluctancetobackit.

[D]anunreasonablepriceforenrollment.

解析：D

本题属于细节题，定位在第六段。thispricetaghasbeenPreChecksfatalflaw.价格问题是precheck的知名弱点，也就是题干中的问题，所以答案是anunreasonablepriceforenrollment，注册所需价格的不合理。

25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebestforthetext?

[A]LessScreeningforMoreSafety

[B]PreCheckaBelatedSolution

[C]GettingStuckinSecurityLines

[D]UnderusedPreCheckLanes

解析：C

本题属于主旨题，纵观全文，选择最佳答案。A.LessScreeningforMoreSafety更少的检查，更多的平安.与原文意思相反，原文说检查更多为了更多的平安；B.PreCheckaBelatedSolution.预先检查-迟来的解决方案，文章是说道PreCheck，但它病没有从根本上解决旅客滞留的问题，所以也不对；D.只是文章的一部分；只有C选项GettingStuckinSecurityLines，全文都是在围绕安检导致旅客滞留，解决方案PreCheck，但Itislongpasttimetomaketheprogramwork.并未根本解决问题。所以C更能概括全文。

Text2

"TheancientHawaiianswereastronomers,'wroteQueenLiliuokalani,Hawaiislastreigningmonarch,in1897.StarwatcherswereamongthemostesteemedmembersofHawaiiansociety.Sadly,allisnotwellwithastronomyinHawaiitoday.ProtestshaveeruptedoverconstructionoftheThirtyMeterTelescope(TMT),agiantobservatorythatpromisestorevolutionizehumanitysviewofthecosmos.

AtissueistheTMTsplannedlocationonMaunaKea,adormantvolcanoworshipedbysomeHawaiiansasthepiko,thatconnectstheHawaiianIslandstotheheavens.ButMaunaKeaisalsohometosomeoftheworldsmostpowerfultelescopes.RestedinthePacificOcean,MaunaKeaspeakrisesabovethebulkofourplanetsdenseatmosphere,whereconditionsallowtelescopestoobtainimagesofunsurpassedclarity.

OppositiontotelescopesonMaunaKeaisnothingnew.AsmallbutvocalgroupofHawaiiansandenvironmentalistshavelongviewedtheirpresenceasdisrespectfarsacredlandandapainfulreminderoftheoccupationofwhatwasonceasovereignnation.

Someblameforthecurrentcontroversybelongstoastronomers.Intheireagernesstobuildbiggertelescopes,theyforgotthatscienceisnottheonlywayofunderstandingtheworld.TheydidnotalwaysprioritizetheprotectionofMaunaKeasfragileecosystemsoritsholinesstotheislandsinhabitants.Hawaiiancultureisnotarelicofthepast；itisalivingcultureundergoingarenaissancetoday.

Yetsciencehasaculturalhistory,too,withrootsgoingbacktothedawnofcivilization.ThesamecuriositytofindwhatliesbeyondthehorizonthatfirstbroughtearlyPolynesianstoHawaiisshoresinspiresastronomerstodaytoexploretheheavens.CallstodisassemblealltelescopesonMaunaKeaortobanfuturedevelopmentthereignoretherealitythatastronomyandHawaiianculturebothseektoanswerbigquestionsaboutwhoweare,wherewecomefromandwherewearegoing.Perhapsthatiswhyweexplorethestarryskies,asifansweringaprimalcallingtoknowourselvesandourtrueancestralhomes.

TheastronomycommunityismakingcompromisestochangeitsuseofMaunaKea.TheTMTsitewaschosentominimizethetelescopesvisibilityaroundtheislandandtoavoidarchaeologicalandenvironmentalimpact.TolimitthenumberoftelescopesonMaunaKea,oldoneswillberemovedattheendoftheirlifetimesandtheirsitesreturnedtoanaturalstate.ThereisnoreasonwhyeveryonecannotbewelcomedonMaunaKeatoembracetheirculturalheritageandtostudythestars.

26.QueenLiliuokalanisremarkinParagraph1indicates____

[A]herconservativeviewonthehistoricalroleofastronomy.

[B]theimportanceofastronomyinancientHawaiiansociety.

[C]theregrettabledeclineofastronomyinancienttimes.

[D]herappreciationofstarwatchersfeatsinhertime.

解析：B

本题属于推断题，定位在第一段。TheancientHawaiianswereastronomers,古代的夏威夷人都是天文学家，StarwatcherswereamongthemostesteemedmembersofHawaiiansociety，星象观看者在古代备受敬重，所以最佳答案应当是theimportanceofastronomyinancientHawaiiansociety.在古代夏威夷天文学是特别重要的。

27.MaunaKeaisdeemedasanidealastronomicalsitedueto____

[A]itsgeographicalfeatures.

[B]itsprotectivesurroundings.

[C]itsreligiousimplications.

[D]itsexistinginfrastructure.

解析：A

本题属于细节题，定位在其次段。MaunaKeaspeakrisesabove,whereconditionsallowtelescopestoobtainimagesofunsurpassedclarity.在MaunaKea的环境或条件，望远镜能看到特别清楚的太空的状况，所以是由于地理位置才被选为抱负的天文观测地。

28.TheconstructionoftheTMTisopposedbysomelocalspartlybecause____

[A]itmayriskruiningtheirintellectuallife.

[B]itremindsthemofahumiliatinghistory.

[C]theirculturewillloseachanceofrevival.

[D]theyfearlosingcontrolofMaunaKea.

解析：B

本题属于细节题，定位在第三段。AsmallbutlocalgroupofHawaiiansandenvironmentalistshavelongviewedtheirpresenceasdisrespectfarsacredlandandapainfulreminderoftheoccupationofwhatwasonceasovereignnation，一小部分本地人反对是认为MaunaKea是神圣不行侵害，并且提示他们曾经苦痛的一段历史，所以与答案B符合，itremindsthemofahumiliatinghistory。

29.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5thatprogressintodaysastronomy____

[A]isfulfillingthedreamsofancientHawaiians.

[B]helpsspreadHawaiiancultureacrosstheworld.

[C]mayuncovertheoriginofHawaiianculture.

[D]willeventuallysoftenHawaiianshostility.

解析：C

本题属于推断题，定位在第五段。CallstoMaunaKeaortobanfuturedevelopmentthereignoretherealitythatastronomyandHawaiianculturebothseektoanswerbigquestionsaboutwhoweare,wherewecomefromandwherewearegoing.通过这部分的论述表明天文学和夏威夷文化寻求回答我们是谁，从哪来，到哪去的这些问题，所以题干问天文学的进步可能会怎样，只有C符合原文含义，揭露夏威夷文化的起源，其他三项中的文章并未提及。

30.TheauthorsattitudetowardchoosingMaunaKeaastheTMTsiteisoneof____

[A]severecriticism.

[B]passiveacceptance.

[C]slighthesitancy.

[D]fullapproval.

解析：B

本题属于观点态度题，主要定位在最终一段。说ThereisnoreasonwhyeveryonecannotbewelcomedonMaunaKeatoembracetheirculturalheritageandtostudythestars.欢迎每个人来MaunaKea来拥抱文化遗产，讨论星象。说明是比较支持的态度，但有不是完全支持，赞同天文学领域人士做出让步，爱护当地的生态环境，所以D是错误的。

Text3

RobertF.KennedyoncesaidthatacountrysGDPmeasures"everythingexceptthatwhichmakeslifeworthwhile.'WithBritainvotingtoleavetheEuropeanUnion,andGDPalreadypredictedtoslowasaresult,itisnowatimelymomenttoassesswhathewasreferringto.

ThequestionofGDPanditsusefulnesshasannoyedpolicymakersforoverhalfacentury.Manyarguethatitisaflawedconcept.Itmeasuresthingsthatdonotmatterandmissthingsthatdo.Bymostrecentmeasures,theUKsGDPhasbeentheenvyoftheWesternWorld,withrecordlowunemploymentandhighgrowthfigures.Ifeverythingwasgoingsosowell,thenwhydidover17millionpeoplevoteforBrexit,despitethewarningsaboutwhatitcoulddototheircountryseconomicprospects?

Arecentannualstudyofcountriesandtheirabilitytoconvertgrowthintowell-beingshedssomelightonthatquestion.Acrossthe163countriesmeasured,theUKisoneofthepoorestperformersinensuringthateconomicgrowthistranslatedintomeaningfulimprovementforitscitizens.RatherthanjustfocusingonGDRover40differentsetsofcriteriafromhealth,educationandcivilsocietyengagementhavebeenmeasuredtogetamoreroundedassessmentofhowcountriesareperforming.

Whileallofthesecountriesfacetheirownchallenges,thereareanumberofconsistentthemes.Yes,therehasbeenabuddingeconomicrecoverysincethe2022globalcrash,butinkeyindicatorsinareassuchashealthandeducation,majoreconomieshavecontinuedtodecline.Yetthisisntthecasewithallcountries.SomerelativelypoorEuropeancountrieshaveseenhugeimprovementsacrossmeasuresincludingcivilsociety;incomeequalityandtheenvironment.

Thisisalessonthatrichcountriescanlearn:WhenGDPisnolongerregardedasthesolemeasureofacountryssuccess,theworldlooksverydifferent.

SowhatKennedywasreferringtowasthatwhileGDPhasbeenthemostcommonmethodformeasuringtheeconomicactivityofnations,asameasure,itisnolongerenough.Itdoesnotincludeimportantfactorssuchasenvironmentalequalityoreducationoutcomes-allthingsthatcontributetoapersonssenseofwell-being.

ThesharphittogrowthpredictedaroundtheworldandintheUKcouldleadtoadeclineintheeverydayserviceswedependonforourwell-beingandforgrowth.Butpolicymakerwhorefocuseffortsonimprovingwell-beingratherthansimplyworryingaboutGDPfigurescouldavoidtheforecasteddoomandmayevenseeprogress.

31.RobertF.Kennedyiscitedbecausehe_____

[A]praisedtheUKforitsGDP.

[B]identifiedGDPwithhappiness.

[C]misinterpretedtheroleofGDP.

[D]hadalowopinionofGDP.

解析：D.第一段肯尼迪认为GDP能衡量一切，但不能衡量什么让生活更有意义。可以看出他对GDP的看法并不是很高很乐观，D选项alowopinion符合题意。因此选D。

32.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2that____

[A]theUKisreluctanttoremolditseconomicpattern.

[B]theUKwillcontributelesstotheworldeconomy.

[C]GDPasthemeasureofsuccessiswidelydefiedintheUK.

[D]policymakersintheUKarepayinglessattentiontoGDP.

解析：C。从其次段可以看出尽管英国GDP增长快速，失业率低，但群众照旧选择脱欧，说明人们并不认同GDP就是衡量胜利的标准。因此选C。

33.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttherecentannualstudy?

[A]ItexcludesGDPasanindicator.

[B]Itissponsoredby163countries.

[C]Itscriteriaarequestionable.

[D]Itsresultsareenlightening.

解析：D。该项讨论以163个国家作为讨论对象，发觉英国并不能确保将GDP增长转变为人民群众生活的提高。除GDP以外，医疗、教育等因素也是衡量一个国家的标准。这样的讨论结果明显是很有启发性的。因此选D。

34.Inthelasttwoparagraphs,theauthorsuggeststhat____

[A]theUKispreparingforaneconomicboom.

[B]highGDPforeshadowsaneconomicdecline.

[C]itisessentialtoconsiderfactorsbeyondGDP.

[D]itrequirescautiontohandleeconomicissues.

解析：C。从最终两段可以看出GDP作为衡量一个国家经济的标准是远远不够的，还应当包括环境问题、教育问题。决策者不仅要看GDP数字，更要考虑到人民幸福问题，这样才能避开经济低迷实现进展。C选项意为还要考虑到GDP以外的因素，符合题意。因此选C。

35.Whichofthefollowingisthebest??forthetext?

[A]HighGDPButInadequateWell-being,aUKlesson

[B]GDPfigures,aWindowonGlobalEconomicHealth

[C]RobertF.Kennedy,aTerminatorofGDP

[D]Brexit,theUKsGatewaytoWell-being

解析：A。结合内容，可以看到全文以英国为例，叙述英国GDP指数高但人民照旧选择脱欧说明GDP并不是衡量一个国家胜利的唯一因素，而应当考虑到更多关于幸福的因素，例如环境、教育、社会等问题，A选项从英国脱欧学到一课：高GDP低幸福感最符合题意。因此选A。

Text4

Inarareunanimousruling,theUSSupremeCourthasoverturnedthecorruptionconvictionofaformerVirginiagovernor,RobertMcDonnell.Butitdidsowhileholdingitsnoseattheethicsofhisconduct,whichincludedacceptinggiftssuchasaRolexwatchandaFerrariAutomobilefromacompanyseekingaccesstogovernment.

ThehighcourtsdecisionsaidthejudgeinMr.McDonnellstrailfailedtotellajurythatitmustlookonlyathis"officialacts,'ortheformergovernorsdecisionson"specific'and"unsettled'issuesrelatedtohisduties.

Merelyhelpingagift-givergainaccesstootherofficials,unlessdonewithclearintenttopressurethoseofficials,isnotcorruption,thejusticesfound.

Thecourtdidsuggestthatacceptingfavorsinreturnforopeningdoorsis"distasteful'and"nasty.'Butunderanti-briberylaws,proofmustbemadeofconcretebenefits,suchasapprovalofacontractorregulation.Simplyarrangingameeting,makingaphonecall,orhostinganeventisnotan"officialact.'

Thecourtsrulingislegallysoundindefiningakindoffavoritismthatisnotcriminal.Electedleadersmustbeallowedtohelpsupportersdealwithbureaucraticproblemswithoutfearofprosecutionofbribery."Thebasiccompactunderlyingrepresentativegovernment,'wroteChiefJusticeJohnRobertsforthecourt,"assumesthatpublicofficialswillhearfromtheirconstituentsandactontheirconcerns.'

Buttherulingreinforcestheneedforcitizensandtheirelectedrepresentatives,notthecourts,toensureequalityofaccesstogovernment.Officialsmustnotbeallowedtoplayfavoritesinprovidinginformationorinarrangingmeetingssimplybecauseanindividualorgroupprovidesacampaigndonationorapersonalgift.Thistypeofintegrityrequireswill-enforcedlawsingovernmenttransparency,suchasrecordsofofficialmeetings,rulesonlobbying,andinformationabouteachelectedleaderssourceofwealth.

Favoritisminofficialaccesscanfanpublicperceptionsofcorruption.Butitisnotalwayscorruption.Ratherofficialsmustavoiddoublestandards,ordifferenttypesofaccessforaveragepeopleandthewealthy.Ifconnectionscanbebought,abasicpremiseofdemocraticsocietythatallareequalintreatmentbygovernment-isundermined.Goodgovernmentrestsonanunderstandingoftheinherentworthofeachindividual.

Thecourtsrulingisastepforwardinthestruggleagainstbothcorruptionandofficialfavoritism.

36.Theunderlinedsentence(Para.1)mostprobablyshowsthatthecourt____

[A]avoideddefiningtheextentofMcDonnellsduties.

[B]madenocompromiseinconvictingMcDonnell.

[C]wascontemptuousofMcDonnellsconduct.

[D]refusedtocommentonMcDonnellsethics.

解析：题干在问，第一段划线部分"Butitdidsowhileholdingits...'最可能表明什么?此题为句意题。前一句说，最高法院推翻了对前官员的腐败方面的定罪，划线部分后面说，该官员收受了各种贿赂，前后用But连接，是反义的关系，所以C答案正确。

37.AccordingtoParagraph4,anofficialactisdeemedcorruptiveonlyifitinvolves____

[A]concretereturnsforgift-givers.

[B]sizablegainsintheformofgifts.

[C]leakingsecretsintentionally.

[D]breakingcontractsofficially.

解析：第四段第一句Thecourtdidsuggestthatacceptingfavorsinreturnforopeningdoorsis"distasteful'and"nasty.'Butunderanti-briberylaws,proofmustbemadeofconcretebenefits.可以看出，假如接受了送礼和好处，并且有明确的证据就能说明这种行为是腐败的，A选项符合题意。因此选A。

38.Thecourtsrulingisdontheassumptionthatpublicofficialsare__

[A]allowedtofocusontheconcernsoftheirsupporters.

[B]qualifiedtodealindependentlywithbureaucraticissues.

[C]justifiedinaddressingtheneedsoftheirconstituents.

[D]exemptfromconvictiononthechargeoffavoritism.

解析：第五段最终一句assumesthatpublicofficialswillhearfromtheirconstituentsandactontheirconcerns意为政府官员要倾听选民的意愿，以他们所关怀的问题为工作重点，C选项要关注选民的需求符合题意。因此选择C选项。

39.Well-enforcedlawsingovernmenttransparencyareneededto___

[A]awakentheconscienceofofficials.

[B]guaranteefairplayinofficialaccess.

[C]allowforcertainkindsoflobbying.

[D]inspirehopesinaveragepeople.

解析：第六段前面提到toensureequalityofaccesstogovernment.后面提到Thistypeofintegrityrequireswill-enforcedlawsingovernmenttransparency，也就是说进入政府系统的公正公正性需要法律的保障。因此选择B项。

40.Theauthorsattitudetowardthecourtsrulingis____

[A]sarcastic.

[B]tolerant.

[C]skeptical.

[D]supportive.

解析：文章最终一句Thecourtsrulingisastepforwardinthestruggleagainstbothcorruptionandofficialfavoritism.法律法规有利用对抗政治腐败，可以看出的态度是支持的。因此选D项。

PartB

Directions:

Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA-Gtofillingthemintothenumberedbox.ParagraphsBandDhavebeencorrectlyplaced.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(10points)

[A]Thefirstpublishedsketch,ADinneratPoplarWalkbroughttearstoDickensseyeswhenhediscovereditinthepagesofTheMonthlyMagazine.Fromthenonhissketches,whichappearedunderthepennameBozinTheEveningChronicle,earnedhimamodestreputation.

[B]TherunawaysuccessofThePickwickPapers,asitisgenerallyknowntoday,securedDickenssfame.TherewerePickwickcoatsandPickwickcigars,andtheplump,spectacledhero,SamuelPickwick,becameanationalfigure.

[C]SoonafterSketchesbyBozappeared,apublishingfirmapproachedDickenstowriteastoryinmonthlyinstallments,asabackdropforaseriesofwoodcutsbytheten-famousartistRobertSeymour,whohadoriginatedtheideaforthestory.Withcharacteristicconfidence,DickenssuccessfullyinsistedthatSeymourspicturesillustratehisownstoryinstead.Afterthefirstinstallment,DickenswrotetotheartistandaskedhimtocorrectadrawingDickensfeltwasnotfaithfulenoughtohisprose.Seymourmadethechange,wentintohisbackyard,andexpressedhisdispleasurebycommittingsuicide.Dickensandhispublisherssimplypressedonwithanewartist.Thecomicnovel,ThePosthumousPapersofthePickwickClub,appearedseriallyin1836and1837,andwasfirstpublishedinbookformin1837.

[D]CharlesDickensisprobablythebest-knownand,tomanypeople,thegreatestEnglishnovelistofthe19thcentury.Amoralist,satirist,andsocialreformer.DickenscraftedcomplexplotsandstrikingcharactersthatcapturethepanoramaofEnglishsociety.

[E]Soonafterhisfathersreleasefromprison,Dickensgotabetterjobaserrandboyinlawoffices.HetaughthimselfshorthandtogetanevenbetterjoblaterasacourtstenographerandasareporterinParliament.Atthesametime,Dickens,whohadareporterseyefortranscribingthelifearoundhimespeciallyanythingcomicorodd,submittedshortsketchestoobscuremagazines.

[F]DickenswasborninPortsmouth,onEnglandssoutherncoast.HisfatherwasaclerkintheBritishnavypayoffice-arespectableposition,butwishlittlesocialstatus.Hispaternalgrandparents,astewardandahousekeeperpossessedevenlessstatus,havingbeenservants,andDickenslaterconcealedtheirbackground.Dickensmothersupposedlycamefromamorerespectablefamily.YettwoyearsbeforeDickensbirth,hismothersfatherwascaughtstealingandfledtoEurope,nevertoreturn.ThefamilysincreasingpovertyforcedDickensoutofschoolatage12toworkinWarrensBlackingWarehouse,ashoe-polishfactory,wheretheotherworkingboysmockedhimastheyounggentleman.Hisfatherwasthenimprisonedfordebt.Thehumiliationsofhisfathersimprisonmentandhislaborintheblacking