（通用版）2023高考英语一轮复习第1部分基础知识解读Unit1Womenofachievement题型组合课时练新人教版必修4

PAGEPAGE1Unit1WomenofachievementⅠ.阅读理解A(2022·成都高三二诊)FacebookchiefoperatingofficerSherylSandbergandAnnaMariaChavez，chiefofGirlScoutsoftheUSA，areleadingacampaigntodiscouragetheuseoftheword“bossy〞．Doesthetermdestroytheconfidenceofyounggirls?Thecampaignclaimsthattermslike“bossy〞areimproperlyappliedtofemales，preventingschoolgirlsfromseeingthemselvesasfuture“leaders〞．Fromitsfirstapplication，thewordhasbeendefinitelyconnectedmorewithwomenthanwithmen.Itfirstappearedin1882，accordingtotheOxfordEnglishDictionary，mentioning“aladymanagerwhowasextremelybossy〞．Aslateras2022，thewordappearedinreferencetofemalesfourtimesmoreoftenthanmales，claimtheBanBossycampaigners.“Tomen，thereferenceisalwaysinassociationwithwomen，〞saysHelenTrim，directorofFreshMinds.“Ihavethreebrothersandmyfamilystillcallme‘bossy’today.〞Herfatheristheonlyotherfamilymemberwhocouldbeconsideredinthatway，saysTrim，butnobodywouldevercallhimso.Someeducatorsrecommendthatthewordshouldbereclaimed，ratherthanbanned.“Butthethingwith‘bossy’isthatthere'saninfantile(幼稚的)elementtoit，〞saysSaraMills，professoratSheffieldUniversity.“Youthinkof‘bossy’asbeinglikealittlekidwho'sclaimingmorethanhehastherighttoclaim.〞It'snotjust“bossy〞underfire．“Pushy〞isanothertarget.Theimplicationisthatwomenshouldn'tpresentthemselvesaspowerfulandconfident，Millssuggests，whichsomewomenarewillingtolistentoandaccept.Trimpointsoutthatmanymodernfemalebusinessrolemodelsareabletobebosseswithoutbeinglabeled“bossy〞．Andsherarely，ifever，hearsthewordusedwithinhercompany.Butshesaysthatthedamagemaybedonemuchearlierinawoman'slife.“Itdoescomeaboutfromthoseearlyteenageyears，〞shesays.“Ithinkit'simpossibletobanaword，butifpeoplearereplacingitwithwordslike‘confidence’or‘assertiveness’，wewouldallbeinamuchbetterplace.〞【语篇解读】本文讲述了Facebook的首席运营官谢丽尔·桑德伯格和美国女童子军首席执行长安娜·玛利亚·查韦斯二人最新发起的BanBossy运动不鼓励使用“专横〞这个词描述女性，旨在鼓励培养女性的领导力。1．Moreevidenceisprovidedtoshow“bossy〞ismoreappliedtofemalesby．A．theOxfordEnglishDictionaryB．theBanBossycampaignersC．HelenTrimatFreshMindsD．someexpertsineducationB[考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Aslateras2022，thewordappeared...claimtheBanBossycampaigners〞可知，选B。]2．Trim'sfamilystillconsiderherbossybecause．A．sheisexpectedtoleadinherfamilyB．sheisthebossofhercompanyC．sheisapowerfulandconfidentfemaleD．herfatherconsidersherthatwayC[考查推理判断。根据第二段的内容可知，“bossy〞这个词主要用来指女性，并以HelenTrim为例进行说明；结合文章最后一段内容可推知，Trim强大并且自信，所以家人才说她专横。应选C。]3．Theunderlinedpart“underfire〞mostprobablymeans“〞．A．definitelyreplacedB．stronglycriticizedC．improperlyappliedD．eagerlyexpectedB[考查词义猜想。根据空后的“‘Pushy’isanothertarget〞并结合上文中的BanBossy运动不鼓励使用“bossy〞这个词描述女性可知，画线词意为“遭受强烈批评〞。应选B。]4．Howdoestheauthorsoundwhenreferringtothecampaignagainst“bossy〞？A．Objective. B．Angry.C．Doubtful. D．Optimistic.A[考查推理判断。本文只是在表达Facebook的首席运营官谢丽尔·桑德伯格和美国女童子军首席执行长安娜·玛利亚·查韦斯二人最新发起的BanBossy运动，并未陈述作者个人的观点，故作者的态度是“客观的(objective)〞。应选A。]B(2022·衡水中学高三一调)PeoplearebeingtrickedintoFacebookwiththepromiseofafun，freeservicewithoutrealizingthey'repayingforitbygivinguploadsofpersonalinformation.MostFacebookusersdon'trealizethisishappening.Eveniftheyknowwhatthecompanyisupto，theystillhavenoideawhatthey'repayingforFacebookbecausepeopledon'treallyknowwhattheirpersonaldataisworth.Thebiggestproblem，however，isthatthecompanykeepschangingtherules.ThatwasthegreatthingaboutFacebook.Youcouldcreateyourownlittleprivatenetwork.Lastyear，thecompanychangeditsprivacyrulessothatmanythings：yourcity，yourphotos，yourfriends'names，weresetbydefault(默认)tobesharedwitheveryoneontheInternet.AccordingtoFacebook'svice­presidentElliotSchrage，thecompanyissimplymakingchangestoimproveitsservice，andifpeopledon'tshareinformation，theyhavea“lesssatisfyingexperience〞．SomecriticsthinkthisismoreaboutFacebooklookingtomakemoremoney.Inoriginalbusinessmodel，whichinvolvedsellingadsandputtingthem.Atthesideofthepagestotally,whowantstolookatadswhenthey'reonlineconnectingwiththeirfriends?TheprivacyissuehasalreadylandedFacebookinhotwaterinWashington.InApril，SenatorCharlesSehumercalledonFacebooktochangeitsprivacypolicy.HealsourgedtheFederalTradeCommissiontosetguidelinesforsocialnetworkingsites.“Ithinkthesenatorrightlycommunicatedthatwehadnotbeenclearaboutwhatthenewproductswereandhowpeoplecouldchoosetousethemornottousethem，〞Sehrageadmits.IsuspectthatwhateverFacebookhasdonesofartoinvadeourprivacy，it'sonlythebeginning，whichiswhyI'mconsideringcancelingmyaccount.Facebookisahandysite，butI'mupsetbytheideathatmyinformationisinthehandsofpeopleIdon'tknow.That'stoohighapricetopay.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了Facebook使用用户的个人信息来营利这一有争议性的行为。5．WhatdowelearnaboutFacebookfromthefirstparagraph?A．Itprovidesloadsofinformationtoitsusers.B．Itearnsmoneybyputtingonadvertisements.C．Itisawebsitethatsendsmessagestouserswhowanttogetmarried.D．Itmakesmoneybysellingitsusers'personaldata.D[推理判断题。根据第一段可知，Facebook并不是免费的，人们是以自己的个人信息为代价来使用Facebook的；由此可知，Facebook是通过出卖用户个人信息数据来营利的。应选D。]6．WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutmostFacebookusers?A．Theydon'tknowtheirpersonaldataenrichesFacebook.B．Theyareunwillingtogiveuptheirpersonalinformation.C．Theydon'tidentifythemselveswhenusingthewebsite.D．Theycareverylittleabouttheirpersonalinformation.A[推理判断题。根据第二段可知，大局部用户对Facebook出卖自己数据营利的这一行为并不知情或者不了解；由此可知，他们不知道自己的信息能让Facebook获利。应选A。]7．WhydoesFacebookmakechangestoitsrulesaccordingtoElliotSchrage?A．ToobeytheFederalguidelines.B．Toexpanditsbusiness.C．Toimproveitsusers'connection.D．Toprovidebetterservicetoitsusers.D[细节理解题。根据第四段可知，规那么的改变是为了给用户提供更好的效劳。应选D。]8．WhydoestheauthorplantocancelhisFacebookaccount?A．Heisdissatisfiedwithitspresentservice.B．Hefindsmanyofitsusersuntrustworthy.C．Hedoesn'twanthispersonaldatatobebadlyused.D．Heisupsetbyitsfrequentrulechanges.C[细节理解题。根据最后一段的第一句可知，作者注销自己账号的原因是担忧自己的隐私受到进一步的侵犯；由此可知，作者并不想让自己的个人信息遭到滥用。应选C。]Ⅱ.完形填空(2022·济南高三模拟)OneMondayevening，Ireceivedadirectmessagefromaboywhofoundameanmessageinhislocker.Hetookapictureofitandsentittomeaskingfor1．Iaskedhimtomeetmethefollowingmorning.AfewhourslaterI2ontheInternetthathehadpostedthepictureofthemeannoteandaskedifanyone3whoitwas.Ithoughtitwas4oftheboytofinditoutviasocialmedia.Thenextdaytheboycametomeandanother5waswithhim.Theboyshowedmeanothernotehehad6．Butthiswasabeautiful，heartfelt7．Iaskedhimifheknewwhohaddoneit，andtheboywhocamewithhim8，“Itwasme.Idon'tknowwhyIdidit，9Iknowitwaswrongandnotatallkind.SoIwrotehimthisnote.Ialsowrote150noteswith10sayingsandputtheminallthelockers.Ijust11todosomethingtomakeupformy12．〞Myheartfeltfullofprideandloveforthis13boy.Itoldhimhowcourageousitwasforhimtocome14andhowamazingitwasthathedidsomethingkindinreturntotrytobalancehis15．Iturnedtotheboywhoreceivedbothnotesandaskedhimifhealso16thebraveryandcouldforgive.Without17，hesaid，“Yes，definitely.And18anyonetriestobemeantohimformakingabadchoice，Iwillstanduptohim.〞Thesetwoboys19methatcomingforwardwhenweneedhelpisimportant，andcomingforwardto20a【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了两个男孩儿解决冲突的故事。1．A.support B．moneyC．help D．comfortC[根据下文的“Thesetwoboys19methatcomingforwardwhenweneedhelpisimportant〞可知，男孩儿是在向作者求助。]2．A.noticed B．realizedC．concluded D．declaredA[根据“ontheInternet〞可推知，作者注意到了网上的情况。realize“认识到〞，conclude“断定〞，declare“宣布〞，均不符合语境。]3．A.agreed B．predictedC．knew D．imaginedC[根据下文中的“Iaskedhimifheknewwhohaddoneit〞可知，那个男孩儿在网上发布照片，询问是否有人知道这是谁干的。]4．A.patient B．smartC．honest D．reliableB[根据下文可知，男孩儿通过网络很快找到了始作俑者，因此作者认为男孩儿很聪明。]5．A.boy B．teacherC．girl D．advisorA[与下文的“theboywhocamewithhim〞照应可知，来了两个男孩儿。]6．A.written B．lostC．received D．selectedC[与上文的“OneMondayevening，Ireceivedadirectmessagefromaboywhofoundameanmessageinhislocker〞可推知，男孩儿又收到(received)了一个便条。]7．A.invitation B．wishC．greeting D．apologyD[根据下文的“Ijust11todosomethingtomakeupformy12”可推知，8．A.replied B．addedC．shouted D．arguedA[根据“Itwasme〞可知，犯错的男孩儿答复了作者的问题。]9．A.so B．forC．or D．butD[根据语境可知，上下句表示逻辑上的转折关系。]10．