全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)模拟卷

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）模拟卷

（江南博哥）

材料题

根据以下材料，回答L20题

ofallthesubstancespeopleintoxicatethemselveswith,alcoholistheleastrestricted

andcausesthemostharm.Manyillegaldrugsaremoredangeroustothosewhouse

them,butarerelativelyl_toobtain,whichlimitstheir2_.3_,alcoholisomnipresent,

sofarmorepeoplesuffer4_itsadverseeffects.

NoWesterncountryhas5_alcoholsinceAmericaabolishedProhibitionin1933.Itis

popularandeasytoproduce.Makingitillegalenrichescriminalsandstartsturf

wars.In-recentyearsgovernmentshavebegun6_otherdrugs.7_,tolimittheharm

causedbyalcohol,stateshavetriedtodiscouragepeoplefromdrinking,usingtaxes,

awarenesscampaignsand8_onwhere,whenandtowhomalcoholis9_.

Thealcoholindustryhaspitcheditselfaspartofthe10_.InBritainmorethan100

producersandretailershave11a"responsibilitydeal"andpromisedto"helppeople

todrinkwithinguidelines",mostlybybuyingadspromotingmoderation.However,if

thesecampaignswere12_,theywouldruintheirsponsors'finances.Accordingto

researchersfromtheInstituteofAlcoholStudies,athink-tank,andtheUniversityof

Sheffield,sometwo-fifthsofalcohol13inBritainisinexcessoftherecommended

weeklymaximumof14units(aboutoneglassofwineperday).Industryexecutives

saytheywantthepublicto"drinkless,butdrinkbetter",meaningfewer,fancier

liquor.Butpeoplewouldneedtopay22-98%moreperdrinkto14therevenueloss

thatsuchasteepdropinconsumptionwouldcause.

Health15havetakennoteofsucharithmetic.SomenowwonderifLiquorGiant

is16initseffortsto17alcoholabuse.In2018America'sNationalInstitutesofHealth

stoppeda$100mstudyof18drinking,whichwaspartlyfundedbyalcohol

firms,19itsdesignwasbiasedintheirproducts'favour.AndthisyeartheWorld

HealthorganizationandEngland'spublic-healthauthoritybannedtheirstafffrom

workingwiththeindustry.

Producersarereadytofend20regulators.In1999alcoholfirmsinvestedhalfasmuch

onlobbyinginAmericaastobaccofirmsdid.Todaytheyspend31%more.

1、［单选题］第1题答案是

A.hard

B.severe

C.easy

D.likely

正确答案：A

参考解析：翻译：各类违禁药物对其使用者来说更加危险，但由于相对—

获得，本段首句是主旨句，提到alcoholistheleastrestrictedandcausesthe

mostharm。酉精受到的限制最少，造成的危害却最大），空格处的主语为违禁

药品，移栽与酒精进行对比，证明酒精危害比违禁药品大。虽然违禁药品更危险，

但是危害不如酒精大，因为违禁药品的获取难度大。A正确。

2、［单选题］第2题答案是

A.incidence

B.impact

C.inference

D.issue

正确答案：B

参考解析:翻译:各类违禁药品对其使用者来说更危险，但由于相对较难获取,

其限制它的一.结合前后句逻辑关系，由于违禁药品难以获得，因此其危

害或者不良影响受到限制。B正确。

3、［单选题］第3题答案是

A.lnreturn

B.lneffect

C.lnvain

D.lncontrast

正确答案：D

参考解析:第一段是酒与违禁物品的对比，违禁药品更加危险，但是较难获取,

酒无处不在，所以更多人收到了不良影响。两者进行了一个对比、比较。In

contrast"相比之下"有对比之意，故为正确选项。

4、［单选题］第4题答案是

A.by

B.into

C.from

D.over

正确答案：c

参考解析：翻译：相比之下，酒精无处不在，目前，受其不良作用影响的人也

就更多。这个题是固定搭配。suffer….from意为"遭受"。C正确。

5、［单选题］第5题答案是

A.banned

B.funded

C.granted

0.allowed

正确答案：A

参考解析：翻译：自1933年美国废除禁酒令以来，没有一个西方国家

酉通过AmericaabolishProhubition可知，应该是没有哪一个西方国家禁止

酒，banned（禁止）符合句意。

6、［单选题］第6题答案是

A.legalizing

B.allocating

C.restricting

0.checking

正确答案：A

参考解析：翻译：近年来，各国政府已开始将其他药物.上一句Making

itillegalenrichescriminalsandstartsturfwars,所以今年来,应该是使其合

法。A正确。

7、［单选题］第7题答案是

A.Moreover

B.Therefore

C.Instead

0.Otherwise

正确答案：C

参考解析：该句空格处需要填写一个逻辑副词，来体现该句与上句之间的逻辑

关系，上一句是各国政府已经开始将其他药物合法化，后一句是为了减少酒精带

来的危害，所以应该是转折的正确。

insteadoC

8、［单选题］第8题答案是

A.subjects

B.limits

C.consequences

0.strategies

正确答案：B

参考解析：为了减少酒精带来的危害，各国试图劝人们不要喝酒推知，各国对

于酒精的限制是比较严格的。四个选项中只有选项limits（限制）符合句意，故为

正确选项。

9、［单选题］第9题答案是

A.bought

B.needed

C.purchased

D.sold

正确答案：D

参考解析：翻译：为了减少酒精带来的危害，各国试图通过征税、开展宣传活

动以及限制酒的____地点、时间和销售对象来劝人们不要喝酒.上下文可推知，

各国限制了购买酒精的条件。特别需要注意的是towhomalcoholis中的被动

语态以及定语从句。sold（销售）可构成搭配sellsth.tosb.（将某物卖给某人）符

合句意。

10、［单选题］第10题答案是

A.cause

B.study

C.solution

0.qualification

正确答案：C

参考解析：翻译：酒业将自身定位为—的一部分.后面描述了英国生产商和

零售商的一些举措来告诫公众适度饮酒，可知酒业积极参与到政府推行的劝人们

不要喝酒的一系列行动中。四个选项中只有选项solution（解决方案）符合句意。

11、［单选题］第11题答案是

A.released

B.noticed

C.kept

0.signed

正确答案：D

参考解析：翻译：在英国，一百多家生产商和零售商—了一份"责任书"，

承诺"帮助人们按照指导方针饮酒.酒业将自身定位为解决方案的一部分可推知

酒精的生产商和零售商着手解决问题，同意履行责任与义务。Dsigned与责任书

搭配、D正确。

12、［单选题］第12题答案是

A.effective

B.risky

C.idle

D.familiar

正确答案：A

参考解析：翻译：然而,如果这些活动真的—的话,它们会损害广告赞助

商的收入.一百多家零售商承诺帮助人们按指导方针饮酒，这个活动跟赞助商的

收入受损害是因果关系，如果赞助商的收人受到损害，那么就说明人们对酒的购

买力下降，即适度饮酒的宣传产生了效果。A正确。

13、［单选题］第13题答案是

A.had

B.consumed

C.used

0.provided

正确答案：B

参考解析：翻译：在英国，约有五分之二的饮酒人的—超出了每周建议饮酒

量的上限，即14个单位（大约每天一杯酒）.空格填写动词，表明五分之二的人每

天喝了超过一杯酒。consumed。肖耗）符合句意。

14、［单选题］第14题答案是

A.makeupfor

B.makefor

C.makefrom

D.makeoff

正确答案：A

参考解析：翻译:但是，人们需要为每一杯酒多支付22%到98%的钱，以____

急剧下降的消费总额所造成的收入损失.前一段酒业高管希望公众少喝酒，喝好

酒，每杯就多出百分之22到98的钱，来弥补消费总额减少带来的损失。所以A

正确。

15、［单选题］第15题答案是

A.advocates

B.critics

C.observers

0.officials

正确答案：D

参考解析：翻译：卫生_____已经注意到了这笔帐.此空格需要结合本段其它

句子中的主语解题,语分别是some（一些人）、America'sNationalInstitutesof

Health.WorldHealthOrganization，本段的主体为监管民众卫生的相关机构。

所以空格处填写official官员,D正确。

16、［单选题］第16题答案是

A.ambitious

B.sincere

C.experienced

0.civilized

正确答案：B

参考解析：ambitious有野心的、有雄心的sincere真诚的、诚挚的

expericence经历、感受civilize教化、使有教养

空格处的填空是酒业大公司对人们不要酗酒的态度，是不是真的努力了，通过后

文可知由于酒业公司资助的研究偏袒其产品，因此其诚意受到了人们的质疑，所

以B"真诚的"正确。

17、［单选题］第17题答案是

A.distract

B.display

C.distinguish

0.discourage

正确答案：D

参考解析：翻译：现在，一些人想知道酒业巨头是否真的在努力—人们酗酒.

上一段提到，酒业着手处理酒精所导致的问题，打算通过广告宣传等方式帮助人

们适度饮酒。同时酒业高管们说，他们希望公众"少喝酒，喝好酒"，然后后文

又提到了美国研究院停止了一想适度饮酒的研究，因为其设计偏袒酒业公司。由

此可知，本句要表达的意思是酒业巨头是否真的努力阻止人们酗酒。D正确。

18、［单选题］第18题答案是

A.normal

B.unusual

C.moderate

0.extreme

正确答案：C

参考解析翻译2018年美国国立卫生研究院停止了一项耗资1亿美元的

饮酒研究，这一研究部分由酒业公司资助.上一段曾提到酒业公司帮助人们按指

导方针饮酒的具体做法：bybuyingadspromotingmoderation通过购买宣传

适度饮酒的广告），由此可知，酒业公司一直致力于让人们适度饮酒。C正确。

19、［单选题］第19题答案是

A.unless

B.until

C.because

0.though

正确答案：C

参考解析：翻译：2018年美国国立卫生研究院停止了一项耗资1亿美元的适

度饮酒研究，这一研究部分由酒业公司资助其设计偏袒这些公司的产

品。空格处填写连词表示前后两句话之间的关系。"研究院停止由酒业公司

资助的研究"与"研究偏袒酒业公司"是结果和原因关系，所以C正确。

20、［单选题］第20题答案是

A.for

B.off

C.on

D.with

正确答案：B

参考解析：fendoff固定搭配：抵御，符合句意,故为正确选项。

材料题

根据下面资料，回答21-25题

AfteryearsofmurmuringforchangeinUSeducation,theCOVID-19pandemicis

becomingacatalystforimprovingthesystem.America'seducationaldivideisnow

clearlyvisibleforanyonetosee.Discrepanciesinqualityandaccesstoeducationare

amajorsourceoftheeconomic,social,andracialinequalitiesthataredrivingso

muchsocialunrest.Whethertheycomefrompoorinner-cityneighborhoodsorthe

suburbs,theleast-educatedAmericanshavebeenthehardesthitbythepandemic

anditseconomiceffects.

Fortunately,economistThomasSowellhasofferedasolution.Inhisnewbook,

CharterSchoolsandTheirEnemies,heshowsthatschoolswithmoreautonomyand

flexibilitythantraditionalpublicschoolsareclosingtheeducationaldivide,providing

sorelyneededchoice,opportunity,andcompetition.Sowell'scarefulanalysisofthe

data,whichwasavailablebeforethepandemicstruck,showsthatstudentsinpublicly

fundedbutprivatelyoperatedcharterschoolsscoreremarkablyhigheron

standardizedachievementteststhandothoseintraditionalpublicschools.Butcritics

ofcharterschoolswouldlistmanyreasons,butthemainone,Sowelllaments,isthat

publicschoolssimplydonotwantthecompetition.

WilltheCOVID-19crisisfinallychangethings?Therearealreadypositivesignsthatit

has.Lastmonth,USSecretaryofEducationBetsyDeVosunveiledanew,five-year$85

millionscholarshipfundthatwillhelpstudentsfromlower-incomefamiliesin

Washington,DCgotoschoolsoftheirchoice.Inanotherpromisingsign,USSenators

TimScottandLamarAlexanderrecentlyintroducedabilltodirectsomeofthe

educationalrelieffundingtoschool-choiceprograms.Thatmoneywouldenable

lower-incomefamiliesthatarehard-pressedbythepandemictosendtheirchildren

toalternativeschools.

Butmosttelling,perhaps,isthefactthatmanyfamiliesandindividualsarecomingup

withtheirownsolutions.Considerthesuddenblossomingofpandemiclearning

"pods",whereinparentsgettogether,findteachers,andformaclassforkidsinthe

neighborhood.Ofcourse,learningpodsalreadyhaveenemiesoftheirown,with

criticscomplainingthatthepracticeisunfair,harmfulfortraditionalschools,or

availableonlytothosewhocanaffordtohireteachers.Butthatisallthemorereason

tomakehigh-quality,effectiveschoolsmorewidelyaccessible.Stampingoutnew

ideasisnottheanswer.

thestruggleoverpandemic-eraeducationisquicklymovingtostatehouses.InJune,

aspartofthenewstatebudget,CalifornialawmakerspassedSenateBill98,which

restrictsper-studentstatefundingforcharterandpublicschoolsatlastyear'sfunding

levels.Thepointistolimitcharterschoolenrollmentsatatimewhendemandfor

alternativestotraditionalpublicschoolsissurging.Butwiththosepublicschools

closingandresortingtoremoteteaching,studentsfromlower-incomehouseholds

willbetheultimatevictims.

Howisthisgoingtoaffecttheeducationofchildren?Onlyifweallfocussquarelyon

thisquestion,thepandemic'slong-termimpactoneducationcouldturnouttobe

highlybeneficial.

21、［单选题］AccordingtoParagraph1,America'seducationaldivide

A.resultspartlyfromsocialinequalities

B.iswiderinurbanareasthaninthesuburbs

C.wasbarelyvisiblebeforethepandemic

D.hascontributedtosocialdisorder

正确答案：D

参考解析：Discrepanciesinqualityandaccesstoeducationareamajor

sourceoftheeconomic,social,andracialinequalitiesthataredrivingso

muchsocialunrest.教育质量与可及性的悬殊对经济、社会和种族不平等现象

推波助澜，进而导致如此多的社会动荡。D正确。

22、［单选题］ThomasSowellbelievesthatcharterschools

A.shouldbegivengreaterautonomy

B.helppromoteeducationalequality

C.willsqueezeoutpublicschoolssoon

D.aremoreexam-orientedthanpublicschools

正确答案：B

参考解析：schoolswithmoreautonomyandflexibilitythantraditional

publicschoolsareclosingtheeducationaldivide比公立学校有着更多自主

权和灵活性的学校正在填补教育鸿沟，Sowell'scarefulanalysisofthedata,

whichwasavailablebeforethepandemicstruck,showsthatstudentsin

publiclyfundedbutprivatelyoperatedcharterschoolsscoreremarkably

higheronstandardizedachievementteststhandothoseintraditional

publicschools.然后通过数据对比，特许学校的学生在标准化学业考试中取得

的成绩远比传统公立学校的学生优秀。B正确。

23、［单选题］AccordingtoParagraph3,theCOVID-19crisishasprompted

thegovernmentto

A.aidunderprivilegedstudentsinschoolchoice

B.expandstudentenrollmentsinpublicschools

C.improvetheeducationqualityofpublicschools

D.injectgenerousfundingintotraditionalschools

正确答案：A

参考解析：USSecretaryofEducationBetsyDeVosunveiledanew,

five-year$85millionscholarshipfundthatwillhelpstudentsfrom

lower-incomefamiliesinWashington,DCgotoschoolsoftheirchoice.In

anotherpromisingsign,USSenatorsTimScottandLamarAlexander

recentlyintroducedabilltodirectsomeoftheeducationalrelieffunding

toschool-choiceprograms.Thatmoneywouldenablelower-income

familiesthatarehard-pressedbythepandemictosendtheirchildrento

alternativeschools.介绍奖学金专款和法案用以说明：两者均指向"为低收入

家庭学生提供经济援助，帮助其择校入学"，由此可知A正确。

24、［单选题］Thecriticismoflearningpodsismentionedtoshow

A.itspotentialrisktowidentheeducationaldivide

B.thedifficultytopromoteinnovationsineducation

C.thenecessityofbroaderaccesstoqualityeducation

D.theneedfortougherregulationintheeducationsector

正确答案：C

参考解析：Butthatisallthemorereasontomakehigh-quality,effective

schoolsmorewidelyaccessible.有人批评学习舱不利于传统学校，只适用于

富裕家庭，这反而说明了普及高质量教育的重要性，教育上的创新不应被扼杀。

由此可知，作者提及对学习舱的批评，是为了强调大面积普及高质量教育的必要,

C正确。

25、［单选题］Theauthor'sattitudetowardSenateBill98canbedescribed

as________

A.supportive

B.tolerant

C.disappointed

0.ambiguous

正确答案：C

参考解析：Thepointistolimitcharterschoolenrollmentsatatimewhen

demandforalternativestotraditionalpublicschoolsissurging.Butwith

thosepublicschoolsclosingandresortingtoremoteteaching,students

fromlower-incomehouseholdswillbetheultimatevictims.彳乍者是支持高

质量教学的，但是州参议院的法案限制了特许学校招生规模，并且有可能令低收

入家庭学生（难以进入特许学校，从而）沦为受害者，由此可知，作者对该法案持

负面态度，C正确。

材料题

根据以下材料，回答26-30题

Countriesmustcreativelycomplementtheuseoffossilfuelsandrenewableenergyin

theinterimpendingwhenrenewableenergycanstandaloneasmajorsourceof

energyglobally.ThiswastheviewoftheChiefExecutiveOfficer,Lekoil,Lekan

Akinyanmi,whilespeakingontheside-linesoftheWorldEconomicForum'syearly

meetingatDavos.

Globally,therehasbeenanincreaseincallsforreductionoffossilfuelconsumption

whichenvironmentalistshaveindictedforgreenhousegasemission."Itispossibleto

keepanoilandgascompanysustainable.Thefirstthingwehavegottodoistostop

denyingthatthereisanissue."Indeed,thereisanissue,Akinyanmisaid,"Thechange

overfromfossilfueltoalternativeenergyorcleanerfuelsisamulti-decadeor

probablymulti-centurything.Thefossilfuelindustrywillstillberelevant.Whatwe

needtodoistofigureoutwaystoberesponsibleinthefossilfuelproductionand

consumptionprocess."Historically,alotoffossilfuelcompanieshaveproducedoil

andflaredthegas.Butitisactuallythegasthatismoreefficient.It'sfriendliertothe

environment,soweneedtoshiftourattentionthere.FromourperspectiveasLekoil

oneofthethingsthathelpsusisthat,agoodchunkofourportfolioisactuallygasso

weareactuallywellonourway.

Energyanalystssuggestthattherenewableenergymarketwillgrowatacumulative

averagegrowthrateof7.6%between2020and2025toreach3,812gigawattsby

2025.Risinginvestmentandimprovementintechnologyhasseenadrastic

improvementinrenewableenergyoutput.Between2020and2025,theUnitedStates

andotherdevelopedcountriesarescalingupinvestmentsinrenewable

energy.However,TheAsiaPacificregionisemergingasthefastest-growingmarketfor

renewableenergyglobally,accountingfornearly27%oftheglobalmarket

share.WithintheAsiaPacific,ChinaandIndiatogetherformtheleadingrenewable

energymarketshavingalmost75%oftheinstalledcapacityofrenewableenergy.

Ithinkwewillmakeourwaythroughthis.UnfortunatelyJthinkthereisalotof

brinkmanship.Weactuallydoneedanenergymixtosolvetheworld'senergy

problems.Intheinterimtherewillbediscontinuities,thependulumwillswingboth

ways.Butitisshort-sightedtojustignorethefossilfuelindustryandmovetothe

renewableenergyindustryorviceversa.Weneedaportfoliothatmixesbothenergy

sources,"Akinyanmisaid.

26、［单选题］ByreferringtotheviewofLekoil,LekanAkinyanmi,theauthor

intends

A.tobringupthetopicoffossilfuelsandrenewableenergy

B.toexplainwhyrenewableenergyarebetterthanfossilfuels

C.topayspecialattentiontotheChiefExecutiveofficer

D.toemphasizetheimportanceofrenewableenergy

正确答案：A

参考解析：Countriesmustcreativelycomplementtheuseoffossilfuels

andrenewableenergyintheinterimpendingwhenrenewableenergy

canstandaloneasmajorsourceofenergyglobally.在达沃斯世界经济论坛

年度会议分会上发表的观点，即在可再生能源能够成为全球主要能源之前，各国

必须在过渡期间创造性地补充化石燃料和可再生能源的使用。由此可见引出了

thetopicoffossilfuelsandrenewableenergy,A正确。

27、［单选题］WhichthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraph2?

A.Itispossibletoreplacefossilfuelswithcleanerfuelsnow.

B.Fossilfuelsaremoreefficientandenvironmentallyfriendly.

C.Environmentalistsholdthatfossilfuelsproducegreenhousegas.

D.Theperfectsourceofrenewableenergyhasbeenfound.

正确答案：C

参考角星析：Globally,therehasbeenanincreaseincallsforreductionof

fossilfuelconsumptionwhichenvironmentalistshaveindictedfor

greenhousegasemission.在其全球范围内，要求减少化石燃料的呼声越来越

高，环境保护主义者已将其归咎于温室气体排放，也就是说环保主义者认为化石

燃料会产生温室气体。C正确。

28、［单选题］ItcanbeseenfromtheavailablestaticsinParagraph3that

A.Indiahasbeenthefastest-growingmarketforrenewableenergyglobally

B.thetoptwocountriesleadingtherenewableenergymarketsareinAsia

C.thedevelopedcountrieshavebenefitedmostfromrenewableenergy

D.Indiahasrankedthehighestinitsgrowthrateofrenewableenergy

正确答案：B

参考解析：However,TheAsiaPacificregionisemergingasthe

fastest-growingmarketforrenewableenergyglobally,accountingfor

nearly27%oftheglobalmarketshare.WithintheAsiaPacific,Chinaand

Indiatogetherformtheleadingrenewableenergymarketshavingalmost

75%oftheinstalledcapacityofrenewableenergy.亚太地区成为全球增

长最快的可再生能源市场，在亚太地区，中国和印度成了领先的可再生能源市场,

所以可再生能源市场上的两个领先的国家是亚洲的中国和印度，故选项B为正确

型空

29、［单选题］Theauthorsattitudetowardsenergyindustryis

A.optimistic

B.sensitive

C.gloomy

0.scared

正确答案：A

参考解析：Ithinkwewillmakeourwaythroughthis作者对于如今能源形

势的态度，属于观点态度题，从最后一段可知，作者认为虽然目前有各种各样的

状况，比如边缘政策等，但是只要我们合理处理两种能源的关系，我们会度过能

源危机，所以作者对于能源行业仍然是充满希望的，是乐观的，故选项A为正确

冬口空

30、［单选题］Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?

A.FossilFuelsMayBetheBestSourceofEnergyGlobally

B.WaysofContinuingUsingFossilFuelsAstheMajorSourceofEnergy

C.FossilFuels,RenewableEnergyWillContinuetoPlayComplementaryRoles

D.FossilfuelsGoingNowhere,RenewableEnergyGoingEverywhere

正确答案：C

参考解析：文章第一段通过首席执行官Akinyanmi的话引出化石燃料和可再

生能源这个话题，然后对世界能源问题进行了探讨，最后得出了我们解决世界能

源问题应该采取的方式。目前这个阶段，两种能源还是一种互补关系，所以我们

还需要合理处理好两种能源之间的关系，由此可知，选项C为正确答案。

材料题

根据以下材料，回答31-35题

Forthoseseekingtohelptheworst-offinpoorcountries,themobilephonehasbeen

amagicwand.Mobile-moneyaccountshavehelpeddeliver"financial

inclusion"—makingfinancialservicesaccessibletothetensofmillionswithaphone

butnobankaccount.Buttheyhavedownsidestoo.

Themostobviouswaydigitalfinancialservicesharmpoorpeopleisbylayingthem

moreopentofraud.Researchfrom2016citedinanewreportbytheConsultative

GrouptoAssistthePoor(CGAP),aconsortiumofdonorsaffiliatedtotheWorldBank,

foundthatinthePhilippines83%ofpeoplesurveyedhadbeentargetsof

mobile-phonescams,with17%losingmoney.lnTanzania,27%hadbeentargetedand

17%fleeced；inGhana,56%and12%.

Forthemostbasicdeceptions,athiefneedsonlyaphonenumber.Atextmessage

mightoffercongratulationsonwinningaprize,requiringonlyasmallcontributionto

unlockit.Youridentitymightbestolentomakeyouresponsibleforrepayingaloan

disbursedtosomebodyelse.Animpersonatormightstealyourmobile-moneyaccount

whenregisteringanewSIMcard.Oryouraccount'ssecuritycode—thepin—mightbe

leakedbyamobile-moneyagent.Thepoormaybeespeciallysusceptibletosuch

scams.Theyaremorelikelytoberelativelynewbothtotheonlineworldandto

formalfinancialservices.Andtheyarelesslikelytohavesmartphoneswith

sophisticatedsecuritysoftware.

Itisnotjustmoneythatcanbestolen.Sotoocanalltheotherdatastoredona

phone.Often,however,muchhasalreadybeengivenawayfreelybyitsowners.Many

"free"appsareinfactpaidforincustomerdata.Ineverycountrypeoplegailysign

awaytheirrightstoprivacybyclickingconsentbuttonswithouthavingunderstoodor

evenreadwhattheyareagreeingto.Butsuchdatacanalsobeabused.Analgorithm

might(bydesignoraccident)bebiasedagainstcertainborrowersbecause,say,of

theirraceorcreed.

Itisoftenassumedthatthepoorarerelaxedaboutsurrenderingsomeprivacyin

returnforaccesstoborrowingandotherservices.Infact,concernaboutprivacyisnot

apreserveoftherich.ResearchinIndiaandKenyahasshownthatevenverypoor

borrowerswouldbewillingtopayahigherinterestrate—orjoinamuchslower

queue—foraloanthatcamewithmoreguaranteesthatthedataprovidedtothe

lenderwouldbekeptprivate.

31、［单选题］Themobilephonehasbeenhelpingtheimpoverishedin

obtaining

A.accessibleservices

B.mobile-moneyaccounts

C.theirbankaccounts

0.urgentfinancialaids

正确答案：B

参考解析：Mobile-moneyaccountshavehelpeddeliver"financial

inclusion"一makingfinancialservicesaccessibletothetensofmillions

withaphonebutnobankaccount移动货币账户帮助提供了"普惠金融”服

务让数千万只有手机但没有银行账户的人可以使用金融服务，即手机的功能是让

原本没有银行账户的人能有一个移动货币账户作为替代来使用金融服务。因此B

正确。

32、［单选题］Thepooraremorelikelytobetargetedinmobile-phone

scamsbecauseof

A.thehostilityofthievesandimpersonators

B.theircreduloustraittodeceptions

C.theirgreedforwinningunexpectedprizes

D.theinsecurepaymentenvironment

正确答案：D

参考解析：Thepoormaybeespeciallysusceptibletosuchscams.They

aremorelikelytoberelativelynewbothtotheonlineworldandto

formalfinancialservices.Andtheyarelesslikelytohavesmartphones

withsophisticatedsecuritysoftware.先说明最基本的骗局成本极低，一^电

话号码，注册新的SIM卡，穷人最可能落入这种骗局，因为他们对于网络世界

和正规的金融服务了解相对太少，同时穷人还缺乏安装复杂安全软件的智能手机,

因此更容易受骗，说明穷人由于容易泄露信息的网络环境、认知环境和手机软件

这类支付安全性原因才会被当作手机骗局的主要目标，由此可知，选项D为正确

竺口宗^7^30

33、［单选题］Peoplehasbeengivingawaythedataontheirphoneby

A.signingupformobileappsimprudently

B.sellingthemforfinancialprofitdeliberately

C.payingmobileappswiththemknowingly

0.clickingmostconsentbuttonsdiscreetly

正确答案：A

参考解析：Ineverycountrypeoplegailysignawaytheirrightstoprivacy

byclickingconsentbuttonswithouthavingunderstoodorevenread

whattheyareagreeingto.Butsuchdatacanalsobeabused.在各个国家,

人们在没有理解甚至没有阅读他们所同意的内容的情况下，通过点击同意按钮愉

快地放弃他们的隐私权”，即人们在注册时非常草率，忽视涉及隐私权出让的协

议内容，由此可知，选项A为正确答案。

34、［单选题］ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5that

A.therichputtoomuchconcernaboutprivacy

B.privacywillbeeasilyforgonebythepoor

C.datasecurityforthepoormaygetimproved

0.higherinterestrateisinevitablefordatasecurity

正确答案：C

参考解析：Itisoftenassumedthatthepoorarerelaxedabout

surrenderingsomeprivacyinreturnforaccesstoborrowingandother

services.Infact,concernaboutprivacyisnotapreserveoftherich.人们认

为穷人会为了获得借贷和其他服务而轻易放弃自己的隐私，但事实上，穷人也重

视数据安全和隐私。所以选项C为正确答案。

35、［单选题］Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleofthetext?

A.AvoidableMobile-phoneScams

B.Mobile-phoneThefts-TargetingThePoor

C.Mobile-phone,AMagicWand

D.TheHiddenCostofMobile-phoneConvenience

正确答案：D

参考解析：介绍移动货币账户的优势和劣势，分析本质原因和预测未来趋势,

围绕着移动货币账户的风险展开的，从手机诈骗的数据泄露，引申到了应用软件

对客户数据的窥视，即隐藏在便利性背后的诈骗风险和数据滥用，D正确答案。

材料题

根据下面资料，回答36-40题

AsCongressaimstopassanothercoronavirusreliefpackage,theTrump

administrationandRepublicansonCapitolHillareinsistingonareductiontothe

weeklyfederalunemploymentinsurancebenefit,arguingthattheextra$600aweek

thatCongressprovidedforthejoblesshascreatedadisincentiveforpeopletogo

backtowork.Theywanttoreducetheboosttoonly$200aweek.It'sanincredibly

badidea,basedondeceptivelogicandstereotypes.

Extendingthebenefitat$600isneededtocombatthepersistentlyhigh

unemploymentrateandtopreventanevenworseeconomiccollapse.Indeed,putting

moneydirectlyintothepocketsofAmericansisoneofthemostimportantsteps

CongresscantaketocontaintheeconomicfalloutfromCOVID-19.Providing

Americanswithmoremoneynotonlyhelpstokeepmillionsoffamiliesoutofpoverty

butalsoensuresthatpeoplekeepspendingmoney,Whichiscrucialifbusinessesare

tostayafloat.

Theconcernthatgenerousunemploymentinsurancebenefitsmightdisincentivize

workmayseemtohaveasuperficiallogic.Afterall,morethantwo-thirdsof

Americanswhoqualifyforunemploymentstandtomakemoremoneythantheydid

whentheyworked.Butthatlineofreasoningisflawed.

First,eveniftheweekly$600financialassistanceisextended,workersreceivingthe

benefitknowitwilleventuallyexpire.ThereisalreadyevidencethatAmericanshave

beenreturningtoworkinspiteofreceivinganadditional$600eachweekforbeing

unemployed：BothMayandJunesawrecord-breakingnumberswithregardtojobs

added,andtheunemploymentratedeclinedduringthatperiod.

Second,workerswhofailtolookforworkorturndownjoboffersrisklosingtheir

unemploymentbenefit.WhiletheCARESAct—whichcreatedtheweekly$600aidfor

unemployedworkers—expandedtheacceptablecausesforrefusingtogobackto

workwhilestillqualifyingforunemploymentbenefits,peoplestillhavetoprovidea

validpublic-healthreasonfornotreturningtowork.That'salsothereasonthe

unemploymentbenefitisgenerous：Itgivesworkerstheopportunitytostayathome

inordertocontainthespreadofthecoronaviruswithoutcausingtheirhouseholds

extremefinancialstress.

Andthird,thereasontheunemploymentnumbersaresohighisbecausethere

simplyaren'tenoughjobstogoaround.ArindrajitDube,aprofessorofeconomics,

said,"Inaverydownlabormarket,incentivizingpeopletosearchharderis

self-defeating."

Isitpossiblethattherewillbeafewcaseswherepeoplechoosenottoreturntowork

becausetheunemploymentbenefitishigherthantheirwages?Ofcourse.Butthat

numberwillbenegligible."Theserisksaresosmallcomparedtothereallybigrisk,

whichisthatallofthesepeoplearegoingtocutbackonspendingwhentheylose

thatbenefit,"Dube,said."Andthatisgoingtobeyetanotherunforcederrorinthe

setofmanyunforcederrorsthatourgovernmenthasdoneinhandlingthispandemic.

II

36、［单选题］TheTrumpadministrationisseekingto

A.reduceunemploymentbenefits

B.subsidizehealthinsurance

C.createmorejobs

D.cutdownonspending

正确答案：A

参考解析：theTrumpadministrationandRepublicansonCapito