专业选修课-《从DNA到基因组》课程教学大纲

《从DNA到基因组》课程教学大纲学时：36学分：2课程属性：专业选修课开课单位：华侨大学生物医学学院(医学院)先修课程：普通生物学、遗传学、细胞生物学、分子生物学一、课程的性质和任务《从DNA到基因组》是高等综合性大学院校临床医学专业选修课程之一。本课程应在普通生物学、遗传学、细胞生物学、分子生物学开设专业选修课。通过对本课程的学习，使学生从遗传、细胞和分子水平宏观而全面地介绍近年现代生物医学的研究进展，为学生正确看待健康问题开启全新的视角；通过课程的各个教学环节的教学，让学生获取第一手研究资料，培养学生的基础生物医学思维，增加学生的社会责任感，从而自觉地运用生物医学知识正确地处理生活中健康与疾病问题，更好地为科学技术工作，为改造自然服务。二、教学内容和要求（含每章教学目的、基本教学内容和教学要求）：从DNA到基因组是一门从核酸层面向疾病层面不断上升的，探究生命现象的学科。从DNA到基因组主要从人类遗传信息DNA出发，探究宏观基因组遗传信息异常、基因表达水平异常等造成的人类健康问题，同时探究在人类疾病研究及临床诊疗中，与DNA及基因组有关的新型技术和前沿科技。具体内容如下：Chapter1HumangeneticsandhumandiseasesUnderstandbasicrulesofMendel’sgeneticsandhumangenetics,knowhumanchromosomaldiseases,andunderstandhumangenomeprojectandmethodstodiagnosehumangeneticdisorders.howtodistinguishhumandominantandrecessivediseases.howtodrawandunderstandhumangeneticpedigreetree?Chapter2MoleculardiagnosticsandpersonalizedmedicineUnderstandbasicmechanismsofmolecularmedicine,knowtheconceptandrulesofpersonalizedmedicine,andunderstandhowtoperformpersonalizedmedicine.principlesofphamacogeneticsandpersonalizedmedicine.methodsofpersonalizedmedicine?Chapter3ThePaternalandMaternalgeneticfactorsinNeonatalDiseasesClassificationofNeonatalDiseases：chromosomalaberration；Inbornerrorofmetabolism:Aminoacidsmetabolismdisease(氨基酸类代谢病);Fattyacidmetabolismdisease(脂肪酸类代谢病);organicacidsmetabolismdisease(有机酸类代谢病).TheRiskFactorsforBirthDefects;ThePrenataldiagnosisWhatAretheRiskFactorsforBirthDefects?HowtopreventBirthDefects？TheclassificationofPrenataldiagnosis.WhatAretheRiskFactorsforBirthDefects?HowtopreventBirthDefects？TheclassificationofPrenataldiagnosis.Chapter4TheCancerWhatIsCancer?DifferencesbetweenCancerCellsandNormalCells.WhenCancerSpreads.CommonCancerMythsandMisconceptions（误解）.TypesofCancer.TheriskFactorsforCancer.Tipstoreduceyourriskincancer.Diagnosedandtreatmentofthecancer.TNMstandsforTumour,NodeandMetastasis.WhatIsCancer?DifferencesbetweenCancerCellsandNormalCellsTypesofCancerRiskFactorsforCancerHowtoreduceyourriskincancerTheprincipalofcancerstagesChapter5DevelopmentalbiologyandhumanhealthUnderstandmajoreventsinanimaldevelopment,knowtheprocessofhumanfetaldevelopment,cessofhumanfetaldevelopment.majorfactorsthataffecthumanfetaldevelopment.Whydoesalcoholaffectnormalhumandevelopment?Chapter6StemcellbiologyandcancerUnderstandtermsofstemcells,knowmethodstoisolatestemcellsandusestemcellsfortreatment,andunderstandcancerstemcellsandtheirrelationshiptocancer.whatarestemcells?isolationofstemcellsandtheirusagecancerstemcellsproductionofinducibleprogrammedstemcellstransitionoftumorstemcells?Chapter7BiologicalmechanismsofneurologicaldiseasesUnderstandclinicaltraitsofanxietyanddepressiondisorders,KnowpathologyofAlzheimer’sdisease,UnderstandpathologyofParkinson’sdisease.anxietyanddepressiondisorderspathologyofAlzheimer’sdiseasepathologyofParkinson’sdiseasepathologyofanxietyanddepressiondisorderswhyistherenotreatmentforAlzheimer’sdisease?Chapter9TheepigeneticsandagingWhatisEpigenetics(表观遗传学)?Geneticsversusepigenetics,andthecharacteristicsofepigenetics.HOWEPIGENETICSWORKS.TheoutsidechangesandPhysiologicalchangeofaging.HallmarksofagingWhatisEpigenetics(表观遗传学)?ThecharacteristicsofepigeneticsHOWEPIGENETICSWORKStheoutsidechangesandPhysiologicalchangeofagingHallmarksofagingChapter10Non-codingRNAandhumandiseaseWhatisnon-codingRNAs?TheinteractionbetweenncRNAsandnervessystematicdisorders;TheinteractionbetweenncRNAsandalcohol-ortobacco-relateddiseases；TheinteractionbetweenncRNAsandcancer；TheinteractionbetweenncRNAsandimmuneorinflammation；ThefutureofncRNAsinapplicationofclinicaldiagnosis;Thecurrentsituationandconceptofprecisemedicine.1.Thebiologicalmeaningofnon-codingRNAs；2.Therelationshipbetweenhumandiseasesandnon-codingRNAs；3.Theinducingmechanismsofnon-codingRNAsinhumandiseases；4.TheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofncRNAsinclinicaldiagnosis；5.TheinteractionofncRNAsandhumandiseases；6.ThecriticalroleofncRNAsinprecisemedicine.Chapter11IntestinalmicroorganismsandneurologicaldiseasesKnowthestructureandfunctionofgut；Fullunderstandthewaythatgutinteractswithbrain;Wellknowntheinteractionbetweenaberrantgutmicroorganismsandhumandiseases,especiallynervesystematicdisorders；Theappliedstrategyofgutmicroorganismsinclinicalremedyofhumandiseases。1.Thestructureandfunctionofgut；2.Thepathwayofinformationalexchangebetweengutandbrain；3.Gutmicrobiotaandobesity；4.Gutmicrobiotaandnervesystematicdiseases；5.Theapplicationofgutmicrobiotainclinicaltreatmentofhumandiseases。Chapter12AnimalModelsforHumanDiseasesKnowtheevolutionofcreaturesandthehistoryofanimalmodels；familiarwiththeclassifiedprinciple，studyandunderstandthemethodofanimalmodelconstruction；Knowtheapplicationofanimalmodelinhumandiseaseresearch。1.Respondentconditioningtests；Dollyexperiment；2.Theclassificationandgenerativeprincipleofanimalmodels；3.Theapplicationofanimalmodelsinhumandiseaseresearch；三、课程的重点和难点

重点是生物分子及生物种群对人类的深刻影响Chapter1HumangeneticsandhumandiseasesKeypoint：1)howtodistinguishhumandominantandrecessivediseases.2)howtodrawandunderstandhumangeneticpedigreetree?Chapter2MoleculardiagnosticsandpersonalizedmedicineKeypoint：1)principlesofphamacogeneticsandpersonalizedmedicine.2)methodsofpersonalizedmedicine?Chapter3ThePaternalandMaternalgeneticfactorsinNeonatalDiseasesKeypoint：1) WhatAretheRiskFactorsforBirthDefects?2) HowtopreventBirthDefects？3) TheclassificationofPrenataldiagnosis.4) WhatAretheRiskFactorsforBirthDefects?5) HowtopreventBirthDefects？6) TheclassificationofPrenataldiagnosis.Chapter4TheCancerKeypoint：WhatIsCancer?2) DifferencesbetweenCancerCellsandNormalCells3) TypesofCancer4) RiskFactorsforCancer5) Howtoreduceyourriskincancer6) TheprincipalofcancerstagesChapter5DevelopmentalbiologyandhumanhealthKeypoint:Processofhumanfetaldevelopment;Majorfactorsthataffecthumanfetaldevelopment.Chapter6StemcellbiologyandcancerKeypoint:Productionofinducibleprogrammedstemcells2)Transitionoftumorstemcells?Chapter7BiologicalmechanismsofneurologicaldiseasesKeypoint:1)Pathologyofanxietyanddepressiondisorders2)WhyistherenotreatmentforAlzheimer’sdisease?Chapter8TheepigeneticsandagingKeypoint:1)WhatisEpigenetics(表观遗传学)?2)Thecharacteristicsofepigenetics3)Howepigeneticsworks4)theoutsidechangesandPhysiologicalchangeofaging5)HallmarksofagingChapter9Non-codingRNAsandhumandiseasesKeypoints:1)ThedefinitionofncRNAs.2)TheeffectofncRNAsinhumandiseases.3)TheapplicationofncRNAsinnewdiagnosedtechsofhumandiseases.4)TheapplicationofncRNAsinprecisemedicine.Chapter10IntestinalmicroorganismsandneurologicaldiseasesKeypoints:1)Thephysiologicalstructureandfunctionofintestine.2)Thepathwayofmessageexchangebetweengutandbrain.3)Theinteractionbetweengutandbrain.4)Obesityisresultedfromaberrantgutmicrobiotaviaregulatingbrainrecognition.5)Theapplicationofgutmicrobiotainremedy.Chapter11Animalmodelsforhumandiseases

Keypoints:1)Respondentconditioningtests.2)Theruleofanimalmodelclassification.3)Theprinciplesofanimalmodeldesign.4)Thesampleofanimalmodels.5)TheprocessofcloningDollysheep.6)Theapplicationofanimalmodelinhumandisease.四、学时分配章课程内容学时1Humangeneticsandhumandiseases22Moleculardiagnosticsandpersonalizedmedicine23ThePaternalandMaternalgeneticfactorsinNeonatalDiseases4Classifications2Theprenataldiagnosis24TheCancer4Thecancerbasics1Thetypesofcancer1Top10cancer1Thediagnosisandtherapyofcancer1Thestudentreport25Developmentalbiologyandhumanhealth26Stemcellbiologyandcancer28Biological