专业基础课- 免疫学（英文班） 课程教学大纲

ImmunologysyllabusMajor:(credits:3;hours:lectures36h;laboratorypractices18h)Courseattribute:compulsorycourseDeliveredby:SchoolofBiomedicalSciences,HuaqiaoUniversityPrepcourses:Biology,Anatomicalphysiology,Biochemistry,MicrobiologyI.Description:Thiscoursemainlyintroducesthebasicprinciplesandknowledgeofinnateandadaptiveimmunityfromthebeginningoftheintroductionofcellsandorgansoftheimmunesystem.Thecontentsincludeasfollows:antigen,antibody,immunoglobulin,complement,MHC,developmentofTandBcells,processingandpresentingofantigens,immunologicaltolerance,immunoregulation,cellularimmuneresponse,humoralimmuneresponse,cytokinesandtheirreceptors,transplantationimmunology,hypersensitivityandtumorimmunology.Multimediateachingmethodsiscombinedwiththeillustrationbyword,whichcouldgivethestudentsthelivingcomprehensionofthetheoreticalknowledgeandmakethemgraspthebasictheory,knowledgeandprincipleofimmunologysystematicallyandbuildasoundbasefortheirfurtherstudy.Aseriesoflaboratorypracticeswillbeinvolvedtoallowstudentstofurtherdevelopconceptscoveredinthelectures,andfamiliarwithuseofmaterialsandequipmentcommonlyusedinimmunologylaboratories.II.Contentsandrequirements(includingtheteachingpurposeofeachchapter,thebasicteachingcontentsandtheteachingrequirements):Inordertoenablestudentstoprepareandreviewaccordingtotherequirementsofthesyllabus,thecontentsoftheteachingaredividedintothreelevels:=1\*GB3①Graspcontentisrepresentedbyanunderscore“”.Itisrequiredadeepunderstanding,memory,andintegrationandtheabilitytoinferotherthingsfromonefact.=2\*GB3②Familiarcontentwithunderlined"",requirestobeunderstoodandremembered.=3\*GB3③Understandcontentas"donotmakeamark"express,requesttobeunderstood.Lectures:Chapter1IntroductiontoImmunologyObjectives:tounderstandthemodernconceptandfunctionofimmunity,toclarifytheessenceofimmunityandthecompositionofimmunesystem.Content：1.Thebasicconceptofimmunity,thebasicfunctionofimmunity,andthecharacteristicsofimmuneresponse2.AbriefHistoryoftheDevelopmentofImmunology.3.Theroleofimmunologyinthedevelopmentofmedicineandpharmacy.Chapter2ImmunetissuesandorgansincludinginnateimmunesystemandresponseObjective:tomastertheorgansandcellsincludedintheimmunesystemandtheirfunctions.Content：1.Thecompositionoftheimmunesystem2.Centralimmuneorgans:structureandfunctionofBoneMarrowandthymus3.Peripheralimmuneorgans:structureandfunctionoflymphnodes,spleenandmucosa-associatedlymphoidtissues⒋Lymphocyteshomingandrecycling5.PrimarycellsofinnateimmunityChapter3AntigenObjective:tograsptheconceptofantigenandemphasizetheinternalrelations.Contents：1.Theconceptofantigen,twobasiccharacteristicsofantigen,completeantigenandhapten.2.Factorsaffectingimmunogenicityofantigens:foreignbody,physicalandchemicalstatus,molecularstructureandaccessibility.3.Antigenspecificityandcross-reaction:theconceptandtypesofantigendeterminantcluster(conformationaldeterminantclusterandsequencedeterminantclusterTcelldeterminantfamilyandBcelldeterminantcluster),epitope-carrierinteraction,commonantigenandcrossreaction).4.Antigenclassification:completeandincompleteantigens,naturalandartificialantigens,thymusdependentantigens(TD-Ag)andnon-thymodependentantigens(TI-Ag),otherclassifications.5.Importantantigensinmedicine:pathogenicmicroorganism,bacterialexotoxinandtoxoid,animalimmuneserum(antitoxin),heterophilantigen,allogeneicantigen(ABObloodgroupantigen,RhantigenandHLAantigen),autoantigen,tumorantigen.6.Theconceptandcategoryofsuperantigen.7.Theconceptandcategoryofimmuneadjuvants.Chapter4AntibodyObjectives:Masterthemolecularstructureofantibodies,hydrolysisfragments,functionalregionsandthefunctionofeachfunctionalregion,masterthemaincharacteristicsofthefivekindsofantibodies,graspthelawofantibodyproductionandthebiologicalroleofantibodies;Mastertheconceptofpolyclonalantibodyandmonoclonalantibody.Clarifytherelationshipbetweenmolecularstructureandfunctionofantibody.Contents：1.Basicconcept:antibody,immunoglobulin.2.ThebasicstructureofIg,thebasicstructureofIg,thefunctionalregionsofIgandthehydrolyticfragmentsofIg.3.SerotypeofIg:classificationandtypingofIgofisoltype,allotypeandidiotype.4.BiologicalactivitiesofIg:specificstructurewithcorrespondingantigen,activationofcomplement,bindingofcells(cytotrophil),transplacental,antigenicity.5.ThecharacteristicsandfunctionsofIgG.ThecharacteristicsandfunctionsofIgG,IgM,IgA,IgDandIgE.6.ThegenestructureandantibodydiversityofIggene.TherearrangementofVDJgeneandclassswitchofthegenescodingtheconsistentregionofIgheavychain,thegenestructureofIglightchainandVJrearrangement.7.Preparationofantibody:polyclonalantibody,monoclonalantibody,geneticengineeringantibody.Chapter5ComplementsystemObjectives:tograsptheconceptofcomplementsystem,activationpathwaiesandbiologicalfunctionsofthecomplementsystemContents：1.Theconceptofcomplement2.Compositionandphysicochemicalpropertiesofthecomplementsystem.3.Activationofthecomplementsystem,classicalpathway(recognition,activation,membraneattack),alternativepathway,andMannose-bindinglectinpathwaypathway.EffectmechanismofMAC.Comparisonofthreeactivationpathways.4.Regulationofcomplementactivation:selfdecay,actionsofinactivatedsubstancesorinhibitorsintheliquidphase,actionofmembrane-bindingregulatorymolecules.5.Biologicalfunctionsofcomplement:Involvedinanti-infectiveimmunity(rolesoflysisofcells,bacteriaandviruses,opsonization,inflammatorymediator);maintenanceofenvironmentalstabilityinthebody(clearanceofimmunecomplexes,removalofapoptoticcells);participationofadaptiveimmunity(inductionofimmuneresponse,proliferationanddifferentiationofimmunecells,theeffectstageofimmuneresponseandmemoryofimmunity).Involvedintheinteractionbetweencomplementandotherenzymesystems.Chapter6CytokineObjectives:Mastertheconcept,commoncharacteristicsandclassificationofcytokinesContents:1.Theconceptofcytokines,thecommoncharacteristicsofcytokines(physicochemical,secretory,productionandreaction).2.Classificationofcytokines:interleukin,interferon,tumornecrosisfactor,colonystimulatingfactor,chemokine,growthfactor,etc.3.Theroleofcytokinereceptors.4.Biologicalfunctionofcytokines:immunoregulation,anti-infectionandanti-tumoreffects,stimulatinghematopoieticcellproliferationanddifferentiation,participatingininflammatoryreaction.5.Clinicalsignificanceofcytokines.Chapter7LeukocytedifferentiationantigenandadhesionmoleculesObjectives:Grasptheconceptandclassification,structureandfunctionofcommonCDantigensandadhesionmoleculesContents:1.TheconceptofleukocytedifferentiationantigenandCDantigen.2.Conceptofadhesionmolecules3.Classificationofadhesionmolecules4.Thefunctionsoftheadhesionmolecule:involvedin⑴developmentanddifferentiationofimmunecells,⑵immuneresponseandregulation,⑶inflammatoryresponse,⑷homingandrecirculationoflymphocytesand⑸regulationofapoptosisoflymphocytes.5.ClinicalApplicationofCDmoleculesandAdhesionmoleculesandtheirmonoclonalantibodiesChapter8MajorhistocompatibilitycomplexesObjectives：TomastertheconceptsofMHCandHLA,tomasterthedistribution,molecularstructure,functionandsignificanceofHLAinmedicine,andtomakeclearthattheintercellularinteractiondependsontheparticipationofsurfacemoleculesandiscontrolledbyheredityContents：1.Basicconcept:themainhistocompatibilityantigen,themainhistocompatibilityantigencomplex(MHC),HLAandHLAcomplex2.HumanMHC(HLAcomplex):localization,structure(classicMHCclassIgeneandclassIIgene,immune-relatedgene,immuneunrelatedgene)3.GeneticcharacteristicsofHLAcomplex:Haplotypesinheritance,codominantinheritance,highpolymorphism,linkagedisequilibrium4.ThestructureanddistributionofHLAmolecules;thestructureanddistributionofHLA-Imolecules;thestructureanddistributionofHLA-IImolecules5.ThebiologicalfunctionsofHLA:involvedin⑴theprocessingandpresentationofantigen,⑵constraintheinteractionofimmunecells(MHC-restriction),⑶activationofTlymphocytes,⑷differentiationofTlymphocytes,⑸geneticcontrolofimmuneresponseand⑹therolesintransplantationrejection6.ThesignificanceofHLAinmedicine:therelationshipbetweenHLAexpressionabnormalityanddisease,organtransplantation,transfusionreactionandtheapplicationofHLAinforensicmedicine.7.HLAtyping:serologicaltypingandcytologicaltypingChapter9BlymphocytesObjectives：TobefamiliarwiththeoriginanddifferentiationofBlymphocytes,tomastertheformationandcharacteristicsofBCRandBCRcomplexes,andtobefamiliarwiththesubsetsandfunctionsofBcells.Contents：1.Masterthebasicconceptandcharacteristicsofembryonicgeneandgenerearrangement.2.Grasptheconceptandsignificanceofallelicexclusion3.Masterthemolecularcomposition,structureandfunctionofBCR(IgαandIgβ).4.MasterBcellsubsets,functionanddifferentiationandmaturationprocess.5.MastertheprocessofBCRgenerearrangementanditssignificance6.FamiliarwiththemechanismofBCRdiversity7.Familiarwiththecoreceptor,costimulatorymoleculesandtheirfunctionsonthesurfaceofBcells.8.UnderstandtherelationshipbetweenCDR3andBCRdiversity9.UnderstandthedifferencebetweenmembraneIgandsecretoryIg(genelevel,molecularlevel).10.understandtheothersurfacemoleculesofBcellsandtheirfunctionsChapter10TlymphocytesObjectives：FamiliarwiththeprocessofdifferentiationandmaturationofTlymphocytes,focusingonsurfacemarkers,especiallythemolecularstructureandfunctionofTCR,andfamiliarwithsubgroupsTcellsandtheirmainfeaturesandfunctions.Contents：1.Themolecularcomposition,structureandfunctionsofTCR-CD3.2.ThefunctionsandtheprocessofdifferentiationandmaturationofTcellsubsets.3.TheprocessofthepositiveselectionandnegativeselectionofTcellsandtheirbiologicalsignificances.4.Thecoreceptors,costimulatorymoleculesandtheirfunctionsonthesurfaceofTcells.5.UnderstandothersurfacemoleculesofTcellsandtheirfunctions.Chapter11AntigenpresentingcellsandprocessingandpresentingofantigenObjectives：Mastertheprocessandcharacteristicsofprocessingandpresentingofexogenousandendogenousantigens.Contents：1.Theconceptofantigenpresentingcells(APCs),antigenprocessing,antigenpresentingandthetypesofantigenpresentingcell.2.Dendriticcells:source,distributionandclassification;commoncharacteristics;biologicalfunctions.3.Antigenpresenting:exogenousantigenprocessingandpresenting(MHCclassⅡpathway),endogenousantigenprocessingandpresenting(MHCclassⅠpathway).4.MaincharacteristicsofvariousAPCpresentingantigensChapter12T-lymphocytemediatedcellularimmuneresponseObjectives：Tomastertheprocess,characteristicsandbiologicalfunctionsofcellularimmuneresponse,tomasterthemolecularstructureofTlymphocytereceptorandtheprocessandmechanismofTcellactivation.Contents：1.Theconceptandthetypesofimmuneresponse;thesiteandtheprocessofimmuneresponse.2.RecognitionofantigensbyTcells:interactionbetweenAPCandTcells3.ActivationofTcells:thefirstandthesecondsignalsofTcellactivation,transductionpathwayoftheTcellactivationsignal.4.Themechanismofcellularimmunity.Thcell-mediatedimmuneeffectsandTccell-mediatedimmuneeffects.5.Biologicalfunctionofcellularimmunity.Chapter13B-lymphocytemediatedhumoralimmuneresponseObjectives：Mastertheprocessofimmuneresponse;mastertheprocess,characteristicsandbiologicalfunctionsofhumoralimmunity;mastertheproductionofimportantlymphoidfactorsandtheirrolesContents：1.TheresponseofBcellstoTDantigens:activationofThcells(firstsignal,secondsignal);activationofBcells(firstsignal,secondsignal);pathwaysofsignaltransductionforBcellactivation;therolesplayedbyThcellsinBcellresponse;andthedifferentiationandmaturationofBcellsingerminalcenter.2.BcellresponsetoTIantigens:responsetoTI-1antigen;responsetoTI-2antigen;characteristicsandsignificanceofBcellresponsetoTIantigen3.thelawofantibodyproduction:thelawofprimaryresponseandsecondaryresponse;thelawofsequentialresponses;understandthesignificanceofthelawofantibodyproduction.4.Biologicaleffectsofhumoralimmunity:neutralization(neutralizationofforeigntoxins,neutralizationofviruses);opsonization;antibody-dependentcellularcytotoxicity(ADCC);activationofcomplementmediatedbacteriolysisandcytolysis;involvedinhypersensitivity.Chapter14ImmunologicaltoleranceObjectives：Masterthedefinitionandcharacteristicsofimmunetoleranceandimmunosuppressionrespectively,befamiliarwiththemechanismofimmunetolerance.Contents：1.Conceptofimmunetolerance;innateimmunetolerance;inducedimmunetolerance.2.Conditionsaffectingtheformationofimmunetolerance:antigenfactors(properties,doses,immunizationapproach);organismfactors(species,immunesystemstatus).3.Mechanismofimmunetolerance:centraltolerance;peripheraltolerance.4.Thesignificanceofstudyimmunetolerance:establishmentoftolerance(preventionofallograftrejection,autoimmunediseaseandhypersensitivitypreventionandtreatment);Breakingtolerance(preventionandtreatmentoftumorandinfectiousdiseases)Chapter15ImmunoregulationObjectives：Tomastertheconceptofimmuneregulation,tomastertheimmuneregulationofimmunecells,cytokinesandimmunenetworks,tomasterthecontentsofthetheoryofidiotypicnetwork,toformacompleteconceptofimmuneresponseanditsregulation.Contents：1.Immunoregulationatmolecularlevel:activatesignaltransductioninvolvingPTKandnegativefeedbackregulationinvolvingPTP;inhibitoryreceptorsofimmunecells2.Immunoregulationatcelllevel:regulatoryrolesplayedbyTcellswith;regulatoryrolesplayedbyidiotypicnetwork;thenegativefeedbackregulationofapoptosisontheimmuneresponse.3.Immunoregulationatthesystemlevel:theimmunoregulationoftheneuroendocrinesystem.Chapter16AutoimmunityandautoimmunediseasesObjective：Tounderstandthepathogenesisofautoimmunityandtheprincipleofpreventionandtreatment.Contents：1.Theconceptofautoimmunityandautoimmunedisease;thebasiccharacteristicsofautoimmunedisease;theclassificationofautoimmunedisease.2.Factorsrelatedtoautoimmunediseases:concealedantigenrelease,autoantigenchanges,cross-antigen,polyclonalactivator,Self-reactivelymphocytecloningappeared.3.Themechanismoftissuedamageinautoimmunedisease:tissuedamagecausedbyautoantibodyandbyautoallergeniclymphocytes.4.ExamplesofprimaryautoimmunediseasesincludingSLE,Rheumatoidarthritis,myastheniagravis,hyperthyroidism,Hashimoto'sthyroiditis,autoimmunehemolyticanemiaandidiopathicthrombocytopenicpurpura.5.Principlesofautoimmunediseasetreatment:anti-inflammatorydrugtherapy,immunosuppressant,immunomodulator,plasmaexchange.Chapter17HypersensitivityObjectives：Basedonthetheoryofimmunology,tounderstandthenatureandmechanismofhypersensitivity,grasptheconceptofhypersensitivity,themechanismandcharacteristicsofvarioushypersensitivity,andtheprinciplesofcontrolthecommondiseaseswithhypersensitivity.Contents：1.Theconceptofhypersensitivereaction;conditionsofoccurrence;essentialprocess;classification2.TypeIhypersensitivity:mechanism(allergen,IgEantibody,mastcellsandrelatedcells,bioactivemediators),commonclinicaldiseases(anaphylacticshock,respiratoryhypersensitivity,gastrointestinal,skinhypersensitivity),thecharacteristicsandprinciplesofpreventionandtreatmentfortypeIhypersensitivity(searchforallergen,skintest,specificdesensitizationtherapy,drug)3.TypeIIhypersensitivity:mechanismofoccurrence(causesofantigen,tissueandcelldamage),commonclinicaldiseases(transfusionreaction,neonatalhemolysis,immunologicalhemopenia,cross-reactiveantigen-induceddiseases,anti-receptortypeIIhypersensitivityreaction),andthecharacteristicsoftypeIIhypersensitivityreaction4.TypeIIIhypersensitivity:mechanismofoccurrence(ICdeposition,tissuedamageandpathogenicitycausedbyIC),commonclinicaldiseases(localimmunecomplexdiseases,systemicimmunecomplexdiseases),characteristicsoftypeIIIhypersensitivity5.TypeIVhypersensitivity:mechanismofoccurrence(relationshipbetweentypeⅣhypersensitivityandcellularimmunity);commonclinicaldiseases(infectioushypersensitivity,contactdermatitis,others),characteristicsoftypeIVhypersensitivityChapter18ImmunodeficiencydiseasesObjective：Tounderstandthegeneralcharacteristicsandpathogenesisofimmunedeficiencydiseases.Contents：1.Theconcept,classificationandgeneralfeaturesofimmunedeficiency.2.Primaryimmunodeficiencydiseases:antibody(Bcells)immunodeficiency(X-linkedagammaglobulinemia,SelectiveIgAdeficiency),Tcellimmunodeficiency(congenitalthymicdysplasia,Tcellactivationandfunctiondeficiency.)3.Combinedimmunodeficiencydiseases:X-linkedSCID,MHCClassⅡMolecularexpressiondeficiency,Combinedimmunodeficiencywithenzymedysplasia.4.Phagocytosisandcomplementsystemdeficiency.5.Acquiredimmunodeficiencysyndrome6.Detectionandtreatmentofimmunodeficiencydiseases.Chapter19TransplantationimmunityObjective：UnderstandingthemechanismofgraftrejectionandtheprincipleofpreventionandtreatmentContents：1.basicconcepts:transplantationimmunityandrelatedconcepts.2.typesofgraftrejection:hostversusgraftreaction(HVGR),hyperacuterejection,acuterejection,chronicrejection,graftversushostreaction(GVHR).3.themechanismofgraftrejection:thegeneticbasisandtheimmunologicalbasisofgraftrejection.4.thepreventionofgraftrejection(prolonginggraftsurvivalrate):tissuematching,immunosuppression,andinductionoftransplanttolerance.Chapter20TumorImmunologyObjectives：Familiarwiththebasicconceptoftumorimmunity,tounderstandtheimmuneresponsetotumorantigenandtumorimmunologicalexamination.Contents：1.Theconceptoftumorimmunity:tumorantigens:accordingtotheclassificationwithspecificityoftumorantigens(TSA,TAA),accordingtotheclassificationoftumorantigengenes(thetumorantigensencodedbynormalcellgenes,thetumorantigensencodedbymutatedgenes,andthetumorantigensencodedbyvirusgenes).2.Themechanismofanti-tumorimmunity:humoralimmuneresponse,cellularimmuneresponse(Tcells,NKcells,macrophages).Immunologicalexaminationandtreatmentof3.Diagnosisandtherapy:immunologicalexaminationtumor(tumorantigen,antibodydetection,radioimmunoimagingdiagnosis),tumorimmunologytherapy(non-specificimmunetherapy,activeimmunotherapy,passiveimmunotherapy,immunotargetingtherapy,immunotherapy,cytokinetherapy,genetherapy).Chapter21TheprinciplesofimmunologicaldetectionObjective：MasteringthebasicprinciplesandskillsofimmunologydetectionincombinationwithlaboratoryworkContents：1.Characteristicsofantigen-antibodyreactionandmaininfluencingfactors.2.Basicmethodsforthedetectionofantigen/antibody(typesofserologicalreaction):agglutination(direct,indirect,indirectagglutinationinhibition,co-agglutination,anti-humanglobulintest),precipitationreaction(one-wayagarose,rocketelectrophoresis,two-wayagglutination,Convectionimmunoelectrophoresi),complementbindingtest,neutralizationreaction(virusneutralizationtest,toxinneutralizationtest).3.Conceptsandcommonmethodsofimmunolabellingtechnique(Immunoenzymelabelingtechnique-ELISA,immunofluorescencetechnique,radioimmunoassay,chemiluminescentsubstancelabelingtechnique,immunoblottingtest,immunoprecipitationtechnique).4.Methodsofdetectingimmunecells:isolationandidentificationofimmunecells,determinationofimmunecellfunction,determinationthefunctionofTcell(proliferationtest,cytotoxicitytestandcytokinedetection,andskintest),DetectionofBcellfunction(plaqueformingcelltest,quantitativehemolyticspectrophotometry,ELISA)and(NKcellactivityandphagocyticfunction).5.ApplicationofimmunologicaldetectionChapter22ImmunoprophylaxisandimmunotherapyObjectives：Incombinationwithlabwork,tobefamiliarwiththetypesofvaccines,mastertheinoculationobjects,doses,methodsandprecautionsofcommonlyusedvaccines,andunderstandthetypesandindicationsofimmunotherapy.Contents：1.Immunoprophylaxis:theconceptandcharacteristicsofactiveimmunization,biologicalagentsinducingactiveimmunization(inactivatedvaccine,livevaccine,toxoid,subunitvaccine,syntheticvaccine,geneticengineeringvaccine),attentionmattersforartificialactiveimmunization(recipient,dose,route,post-inoculationreaction,contraindication),conceptandcharacteristicsofartificialpassiveimmunity,biologicalagentsofartificialpassiveimmunization(antitoxin,normalhumanr-Globulinandfetuin,humanspecificIg),attentionmattersforartificialpassiveimmunization(preventionofhypersensitivity,ensuretobeenoughattheearlystage,noabuseofr-Globulin).2.Immunotherapy:biologicalresponsemodulator:①Recombinantcytokines(IFN,ILs,CSFs,TNF),②Chemicallysynthesizedagents（AS-1014，MDP，ISO）,③Microbialpreparation(OK-432,BCG),④McAbandagentscrosslinkingwithit,⑤Adoptiveimmunecells(LAK,TIL,immunecellsengineeredwithcytokinegene).Immunosuppressant:①Microbialpreparation(CsA,FK-506),②Chemicallysynthesizedagents(adrenocorticalsteroid),③Biologicalagents(ALG,Lipofectin).Immunereconstitution:①bonemarrowtransplantation(allogeneicbonemarrowtransplantation,Autologousbonemarrowtransplantation);andfetallivertransplantation.III.TheemphasesandaporiaofthecourseEmphases：MasteringthebasictheoryandskillsofImmunologyAporia：1.Understandingofthebeneficialandnegativeeffectsofimmuneactiononthebodyrequiresanoverallbalancebetweenthematerialbasisandfunctionatthelevelsoforgans,cells,especiallymolecules.2.Trainingthebasicskillsoflaboratoryperformance.IV.TeachingdurationarrangementTeachingtasksLecturinghoursLaboratoryperformancepracticeChapter1AnintroductiontoImmunology1Chapter2Immunetissuesandorgansincludinginnateimmunesystemandresponse1Chapter3antigen12Chapter4Antibody24Chapter5Complementsystem1Chapter6Cytokine1Chapter7Leukocytedifferentiationantigenandadhesionmolecules1Chapter8Majorhistocompatibilitycomplexes3Chapter9Blymphocytes2Chapter10Tlymphocytes24Chapter11APCsandprocessingandpresentingofantigens2Chapter12T-lymphocytemediatedimmuneresponse2Chapter13B-lymphocytemediatedimmuneresponse2Chapter14Immunetolerance1Chapter15Immunoregulation1Chapter16Immunologicdeficiencydiseases2Chapter17Hypersensitivity2Chapter18Autoimmunityandautoimmunediseases2Chapter19Transplantationimmunity2Chapter20TumorImmunology2Chapter21Theprinciplesofimmunologicaldetection26Chapter22Immunoprophylaxisandimmunotherapy12Total3618

V、Practice(experiment)relevantwithteaching(includingexperimentsandlaboratoryperformances)：序号项目编号实验项目名称实验目的内容提要学时数实验类型实验要求每组人数所属实验室1341154501PreparationofbloodsmearandobservationofimmunocytemorphologyMasterthebasicconceptsofImmunologyObservationofimmunecellsundermicroscopewithlowmagnificationandhighmagnification2Verifiabilityco