国际场营销英文练习题库及答案

Managementwithageocentricorientationviewingtheentireworldasapotentialmarketandstrivingtodevelopanintegratedworldmarketstrategy.Marketingconceptholdsthatachievingorganizationalgoalsdependsondeterminingtheneedsandwantsoftargetmarketsanddeliveringthedesiredsatisfactionmoreeffectivelyandefficientlythancompetitorsdo.Productconceptissuchanideathatconsumerswillfavorproductsthatofferthemostqualityperformanceandfeatures,andthattheorganizationshouldthereforedevoteitsenergytomakingcontinuousproductimprovement.Theproductionconceptissuchaphilosophythatconsumerswillfavorproductsthatareavailableandhighlyaffordableandthatmanagementshouldthereforefocusonimprovingproductionanddistributionefficiency.Thegoalofdifferentiationprincipleistocreatecompetitiveadvantage.Whatdoesgloballocalizationmean?Thinkinggloballyandactinglocally.EPRGFrameworkconsistsofEthnocentricorientation,Polycentricorientation,RegiocentricOrientation,GeocentricOrientation.Threeprinciplesofmarketingincludesvalueprinciple,differentiationprinciple,focusprinciple.Whichmanagementphilosophyholdsthatachievingorganizationalgoalsneedtodeterminetheneedsandwantsoftargetmarkets.Marketingconcept,socialmarketingconcept.Marketingisasocialandmanagerprocessbywhichindividualsandgroupsobtainwhattheyneedandwantthroughcreatingandexchangingproductsandvaluewithothers.•对EuropeanunionisakindofEconomicUnions.Twoormorecountriesagreetoabolishallinternalbarrierstotradeamongthemselves,ThentheyestablishaFreetradeareas.Powerdistanceindex(PPDIReferstotheextenttowhichthelesspowerfulmemberofasocietyaccept-evenexpect-thatpoweristobedistributeduniquely.Lowermiddleincomecountries,alsoknownaslessdevelopedcountries/LDCs.Expropriationisakindofpoliticalrisk.Highincomecountriesalsoknownasadvancedindustrializedpostindustrialorfirstworldcountries.Self-referencecriterion(SRC)referstotheunconsciousreferencetoone'sownculturalvalues.MarketAllocationreliesonconsumerstoallocateresources.Whichofthefollowingbelongstothemostofdelusionofequitycontrol?Expropriation,Confiscaction,Nationalization,Creepingexpropriation.Inahighcontextcountrylawyersislessimportant,aperson'swordishisorherbond,responsibilityfororganizationalerroristakenbyhighestlevel,peoplebreatheoneachother.Sovereigntyreferstothespringandindependentpoliticalauthorityofacountry.Therearethreetypesofeconomicsystems,namelycapitalist,sociologist,andmixed.Therearefourstagesofmarketdevelopment,namelylowincomecountries,lowermiddleincomecountries,uppermiddleincomecountries,andhighincomecountries.Culturecanbeexplainedbywaysoflivingbuiltupbyagroupofhumanbeingswhicharetransmittedfromonegenerationtoanother.Maslow'shierarchyofneedsisausefultheoryofhumanmotivationthathelpsexplainculturaluniversals.Segmentationisdefinedastheprocessofdividingtheworldmarketintodistinctsuccessofconsumersthatbehaveinthesamewayorhavesimilarneeds.Demographicsegmentationisdividingtheworldbasedonmeasurablecharacteristicsofpopulations,suchasage,gender,income,nationalincome,educationandoccupation,etc.Behaviorsegmentationfocusonwhetherpeoplebuyoruseaproduct,howoftenandhowmuchtheyuseit.Targetingistheactofevaluatingandcomparingtheidentifiedsegmentsinordertoselectoneormoreofthemasprospectswiththehighestpotential.Differentiatedglobalmarketingentailstargetingtwoormoredistinctsegmentswithdifferentmarketingmixes.Positioningisthelocationofaproductinthemindofitscustomers，thatispositioningiswhathappensinthemindofthecustomer.High-techpositioningisakindofpositioningstrategyforproductswhichareppurchasedonconcreteproductfeatures;BearsalreadyhaveprocessedorwishtoacquireconsiderabletechnicalInformation.Coreproductconsistsofthecore,problemsolvingbenefitsthatconsumersseekwhentheybuyaproduct.Productlifecycleisthecauseofaproduct'ssalesandprofitsoveritslifetime.Thencompanysellsexactlythesameproductorservicewiththesameadvertisingasusedinthehomecountry,insomeorallworldmarketcountriesorsegments,wesaythecompanychoosesadualexpansionstrategyforglobalproductexpansion.Transferpricingreferstothepricingofgoodsandservicesboughtandsoldbyoperatingunitsordivisionsofasinglecompany.Priceescalationistheincreaseinaproduct'spriceastransportation,dutyanddistributormarginsareaddedtothefactoryprice.Distributionchannelreferstoanorganizednetworkofagenciesandinstitutionswhichincombinationperformalltheactivitiesrequiredtolinkproducerswithuserstoaccomplishthemarketingtask.Thewidthofdistributionchannelisdependingonthenumberofintermediariesineachlevelofchannel.Promotionreferstoallformsofcommunicationusedbyorganizationstoinform,remaind,explain,persuade,andinfluencetheattitudesandbuyingbehaviorofcustomersandotherpersons.Advertisingreferstoanysponsoredpaidmessageplacedinamassmedium.Thegoalofpublicrelationsistobuildgoodrelationswithcompany'svariouspublics.Personalsellingistheinterpersonalartofthepromotionmix,whichinvolvestwo-way,personalcommunicationbetweensalespeopleandindividualcustomers-whetherfacetoface,bytelephone,throughvideoconferences,orbyothermeans.Salespromotionreferstoanyconsumersortradeprogramoflimiteddurationthatistangiblevaluetoaproductorbrand.Thegoalofsalespromotionistoencouragethepurchaseoursaleofaproductorservicethroughtheshorttermincentives.STpreferstosegmentationpositioningand targeting.Consumerproductscontainsofconvenience,shopping,specialty,andunsoughtproductsonthebasisofhowtheyarepurchased.Sure,whenthedesignproduct.Weneedtoconsidersuchfactorsaspreferences,cost,lawsandregulations,compatibilityandsoon.Whatarethefactorsinfluencingpricesetting?Pricingobjectives,competitiveprices,demandfortheproduct,cost.Whichofthefollowinganewproductpricingstrategies?Marketskimmingpricing,Marketpenetrationpricing.《国际技术贸易》习题2一、单项选择题.《马德里协定》生效的时间是（ ）.国际合作生产的主体（ ）。A.国家政府.《巴黎公约》缔结的时间是（ ）.——技术——商品——科学 商品一一技术——技术——科学.《伯尔尼公约》对文学作品版权的有效保护期不得少于作者有生之年及其死后（）.在国际BOT项目的融资过程中，按照国际惯例，如果项目公司违约，贷款人对股东和东道国政府一般（ ）追索权。A有B.没有C.有条件的有.知识产权的专有性就是（ ）.各国商标法对商标权取得方式有不同的规定，我国实行（）原则。A.使用在先原则B.注册再先原则C）混合原则.属于专利侵权行为的是（）。A.未经专利权人许可而实施其专利B.为科学研究使用专利C.强制许可10.专利属于（）。A.保密技术B.公有技术C.私有技术11.目前国际上利用外资引进技术的方式有（）。A.补偿贸易B.工程承包C.特许专营12.美国的麦当劳快餐店采用的是（）经营方式。A.特许专营B.合资经营C.合作经营二填空题.美国的反托拉斯法是美国国会多年来通过的有关保护竞争、限制垄断和不公平贸易做法的实体法和规范法的总称。它主要由三个法案组成：、。TOC\o"1-5"\h\z.技术价格的弹性 。.发展中国家在评定限制性条款的基本标准是 。.对于投资者来说，贴现率的最小值应是 。.专利是指发明创造依法所享有的专属权利。这里所说的发明创造是指.《巴黎公约》主要规定的基本原则有：国民待遇原则、和独立原则。.知识产权具有 的特点。三、判断题TOC\o"1-5"\h\z.《巴黎公约》具有跨国效力。（ ）.对于衰退期的技术，由于产品市场趋于饱和开发费用也已大部分收回，这时开发费用最为重要。（ ）.广义的技术进步是指全部生产要素中扣除劳动力和资本投入增加使经济增长之外的一切因素带来的剩余值，也就是尚未解释的余值增长，即”索洛余值”或全要素生产率。（ ）.当某项技术作为商品出售时，它的价值依照社会平均的劳动技能和熟练程度以及劳动强度条件下应用该项技术生产某种使用价值所需要的社会平均必TOC\o"1-5"\h\z要劳动时间来定义和变化。（ ）.在贸易或其他经济行为中自然地输出了技术，被称为技术〃外溢”。（ ）.我国技术贸易合同涉及的入门费大多偏低。（ ）.日本学者斋藤优，把技术的价格和企业牟利二者有机地结合起来，从而解释了形成技术转移的机制。（ ）.一般提成年限应短于合同期。（ ）.国际技术转让就是国际技术贸易。（ ）.受方有较充足的资金，并打算尽快摆脱对供方的依赖时，应采用总付方式。（ ）.当代技术贸易已成为传播技术的重要方式。（ ）.技术价格的弹性很大。（ ）.特许专营合同中被授人的企业是授予人的分支机构或子公司。（ ）.在贸易或其他经济行为中自然地输出了技术，被称为技术〃外溢”。（）.英国学者邓宁把国际贸易、对外直接投资、技术转移三者视为有机联系的整体，认为进行技术转移是企业的一种必然选择。（）.技术转移内部化理论主张技术转移的公开化。（）.国际技术转让就是国际技术贸易。（）.特许专营合同中被授人的企业是授予人的分支机构或子公司。（）简答题.何为技术咨询与服务？它有哪些特点？.简述我国对技术引进和技术出口的基本政策。.试述技术服务与咨询的计价和支付条款。《国礴术贸易》习题2答案一、单项选择题题号123456789101112答案ADAADBCBACAA二填空题题号答案1《谢尔曼法》、《克莱顿法案》、《联邦贸易委员会法案》2很小3发展4投资者期望的项目最低收益率5发明、