2023年高考英语一轮复习话题语篇专攻练12史地博览（一）外研版

PAGEPAGE2话题语篇专攻练12史地博览(一)(建议用时40分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解ATristandaCunha,a38-square-mileisland,isthefarthestinhabitedislandintheworld,accordingtotheGuinnessBookofRecords.Itis1,510milessouthwestofitsnearest,St.Helena,and1,950mileswestofAfrica.DiscoveredbythePortugueseadmiral(上将)ofthesamenamein1506,andsettledin1810,theislandbelongstoGreatBritainandhasapopulationofafewhundred.Cominginaclosesecond—andoftenwronglymentionedasthemostdistantland—isEasterIsland(复活节岛),whichlies1,260mileseastofitsnearestneighbor,PitcairnIsland,and2,300mileswestofSouthAmerica.Themountainous64-square-mileislandwassettledaroundthe5thcentury,supposedlybypeoplewhowerelostatsea.Theyhadnoconnectionwiththeoutsideworldformorethanathousandyears,givingthemplentyoftimetobuildmorethan1,000hugestonefigures,calledmoai,forwhichtheislandismostfamous.OnEasterSunday,1722,however,settlersfromHollandmovedinandgavetheislanditsname.Today,2,000peopleliveontheChileanterritory(智利领土).Theyshareonestreet,asmallairport,andafewhoursoftelevisionperday.【文章大意】文章介绍了TristandaCunha群岛的地理情况、名字的由来和隶属情况。1.ItcanbelearnedfromthetextthattheislandofTristandaCunha______.A.wasnamedafteritsdiscovererB.gotitsnamefromHollandsettlersC.wasnamedbytheBritishgovernmentD.gotitsnamefromtheGuinnessBookofRecords【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第一段第三句DiscoveredbythePortugueseadmiralofthesamenamein1506...可知,这个岛屿是以岛屿发现者的名字来命名的,应选A。2.Whichofthefollowingismostfamousformoai?A.TristandaCunha. B.PitcairnIsland.C.EasterIsland. D.St.Helena.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第二段以及第三段第二句Theyhadnoconnectionwiththeoutsideworldformorethanathousandyears,givingthemplentyoftimetobuildmorethan1,000hugestonefigures,calledmoai,forwhichtheislandismostfamous.可知复活节岛因摩艾最为知名,应选C。3.WhichcountrydoesEasterIslandbelongto?A.Britain. B.Holland.C.Portugal. D.Chile.【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据最后一段OnEasterSunday,1722,however,settlersfromHollandmovedinandgavetheislanditsname.Today,2,000peopleliveontheChileanterritory可以推断,EasterIsland属于Chile,应选D。B(2022·长沙模拟)Shouldweallowmodernbuildingstobebuiltnexttoolderbuildingsinahistoricareaofacity?Inordertoanswerthisquestion,wemustfirstexaminewhetherpeoplereallywanttopreservethehistoricfeelofanarea.Notallhistoricalbuildingsareattractive.However,theremaybeotherreasonsforexample,economicreasons—whytheyshouldbepreserved.So,letusassumethathistoricalbuildingsarebothattractiveandimportanttothemajorityofpeople.Whatshouldwedothenifanewbuildingisneeded?Inmyview,newarchitecturalstylescanexistperfectlywellalongsideanolderstyle.Indeed,therearemanyexamplesinmyownhometownofTourswheremoderndesignshavebeenplacedverysuccessfullynexttooldbuildings.Aslongasthebuildinginquestionispleasinganddoesnotdominateitssurroundingstoomuch,itoftenimprovestheattractivenessofthearea.Itistruethatthereareexamplesofnewbuildingswhichhavespoilttheareatheyarein,butthesamecanbesaidofsomeoldbuildingstoo.Yetpeoplestillspeakagainstnewbuildingsinhistoricareas.Ithinkthisissimplybecausepeoplearenaturallyconservativeanddonotlikechange.Althoughwehavetorespectpeople’sfeelingsasfellowusersofthebuildings,Ibelievethatitisthedutyofthearchitectandplannertomovethingsforward.Ifwealwaysreproducedwhatwastherebefore,wewouldallstillbelivingincaves.Thus,Iwouldargueagainstcopyingpreviousarchitecturalstylesandchoosesomethingfreshanddifferent,eventhoughthatmightbethemoreriskychoice.【文章大意】是否可以在有历史遗迹的地方建设现代化的建筑?文章对此问题进行了讨论。4.Whatdoestheauthorsayabouthistoricalbuildingsinthefirstparagraph?A.Someofthemarenotattractive.B.Mostofthematetooexpensivetopreserve.C.Theyaremorepleasingthanmodernbuildings.D.Theyhavenothingtodowiththehistoricfeelofanarea.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第一段第三句Notallhistoricalbuildingsareattractive.可知,作者认为并不是所有的古代建筑都是很吸引人的。故A正确。5.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtotheauthor?A.Weshouldreproducethesameoldbuildings.B.Buildingsshouldnotdominatetheirsurroundings.C.Someoldbuildingshavespoilttheareatheyarein.D.Nooneunderstandswhypeoplespeakagainstnewbuildings.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第三段第一句Itistruethatthereareexamplesofnewbuildingswhichhavespoilttheareatheyarein,butthesamecanbesaidofsomeoldbuildingstoo.可知,一些新的建筑会破坏它们所在地区的风景,同样一些旧建筑也是如此,应选C。6.By“movethingsforward〞inthelastparagraph,theauthorprobablymeans“______〞.A.destroyoldbuildingsB.putthingsinadifferentplaceC.choosenewarchitecturalstylesD.respectpeople’sfeelingsforhistoricalbuildings【解析】选C。词意猜想题。根据画线下一句Ifwealwaysreproducedwhatwastherebefore,wewouldallstillbelivingincaves.(如果我们总是重复建设以前的建筑风格,那么我们可能仍生活在洞穴里)可知要开发出新的建筑风格,不走老路,应选C。7.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toexplainwhypeopledislikechange.B.Towarnthatwecouldenduplivingincaves.C.Toadmithownewbuildingshaveruinedtheirsurroundings.D.Toarguethatmodernbuildingscanbebuiltinhistoricareas.【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第一段第一句Shouldweallowmodernbuildingstobebuiltnexttoolderbuildingsinahistoricareaofacity?可知,本文是关于是否可以在历史遗迹的地方建设现代化的建筑的讨论,应选D。Ⅱ.完形填空Inthemorning,Slimgotupandpreparedbreakfastforhiswifeasusual.Nicole,hiswife,waslisteningtomusicinthebedroom.__1__,hefeltthathisbodywasshaking.Slimhadthe__2__responsethattherewasanearthquake!He__3__quickly,“Dear,earthquake!Gotothetoilet!〞Nicoleheardtheshouting,__4__thefirstaidboxquicklyandranintothetoilet.Thehousewas__5__evenmoredramatically.Bathroomwasthenextdoortothekitchen.Slimpickedupakitchen__6__andtwopiecesofbreadoutsidethekitchen.SlimtriedtorunalongthewalltohelpNicole.__7__,itgot__8__suddenlywithanexplosion.Thehouse__9__downandmanythingsfellfromabove.Nicolewasquicklyburiedin__10__.Shefeltbreathingverydifficult.Shetriedtostandup,but__11__.Afewminuteslater,thelandwas__12__.Nicoleheardthesoundofshort__13__andthoughtitwasSlim!Sheshoutedtohimbutno__14__!Heprobablyfainted.Nicolekeptsayinghisnameandshefinallyheardaresponse.Twopeopleencouragedand__15__eachother.Theyknewthattheremustbeawayto__16__.Slimfoundthattheywerecloseandwere__17__bythefallenstonesandsomepowder.Hestartedtodigwiththekitchenknife.Hefelt__18__fromhisfingers.Finally,heremovedthelastpieceoflargerstones.SlimtouchedNicole’sonehand,thendugthe__19__stonesofherbody.Finally,Nicolehada__20__breathingslowly.Twopeoplesatonthegroundandhuggedtogether.【文章大意】本文主要讲述了一对夫妻在早上突然遇到了地震及展开自救的故事。1.A.Unfortunately B.ActuallyC.Suddenly D.Really【解析】选C。考查语境逻辑。他正在做早饭,突然感觉身体在摇晃。应选C。2.A.rapid B.recentC.second D.best【解析】选A。考查语境逻辑。Slim迅速(rapid)反响过来,地震了。3.A.warned B.shoutedC.jumped D.howled【解析】选B。考查语境逻辑。Slim大声喊叫(shout)提醒妻子发生地震了,赶快躲起来。应选B。4.A.usedup B.foundoutC.tookup D.putaway【解析】选C。考查动词以及对语境的理解。妻子听见了丈夫的喊声,拿起急救箱跑进了卫生间。useup用光;findout发现;takeup拿起;putaway把……收拾起来。应选C。5.A.burning B.movingC.falling D.shaking【解析】选D。考查动词以及对语境的理解。根据上文可知发生了地震,所以房子在摇晃,在抖动。burn燃烧;move移动;fall倾倒;shake摇晃。应选D。6.A.knife B.cook C.fork D.tool【解析】选A。词汇复现题。根据第四段第二句中的thekitchenknife可知他拿了一把刀。应选A。7.A.Therefore B.HoweverC.Instead D.Besides【解析】选B。考查连词以及对语境的理解。他努力地沿着墙跑去帮助妻子。然而,突然间发生了大爆炸。应选B。8.A.bright B.cloudyC.blank D.dark【解析】选D。考查形容词以及对语境的理解。突然发生了爆炸,一切都变黑了。应选D。9.A.lay B.brokeC.crashed D.bent【解析】选C。考查动词以及对语境的理解。房子倒塌了,很多东西从上面掉了下来,lie躺下;break损坏;crash倒塌;bend弯曲。10.A.dirt B.ashes C.pieces D.ruins【解析】选D。考查名词以及对语境的理解。Nicole很快被埋在废墟(ruins)里。应选D。11.A.senseless B.impossibleC.impractical D.invaluable【解析】选B。考查形容词以及对语境的理解。她试图站起来,但是不可能(impossible)。选B。12.A.normal B.silent C.flat D.usual【解析】选B。考查形容词以及对语境的理解。一切过了以后都安静(silent)了下来。应选B。13.A.steps B.pausesC.movements D.breath【解析】选D。考查名词及对语境的理解。Nicole听见了短促的呼吸(breath)声并认为是丈夫的声音。应选D。14.A.sign B.hopeC.response D.result【解析】选C。考查名词以及对语境的理解。她朝他大喊,但是没有回应。应选C。15.A.calmed B.heldC.touched D.called【解析】选A。考查动词以及对语境的理解。夫妻二人相互鼓励,使对方镇定了下来。calm使平静;hold举起;touch接触;call呼叫。应选A。16.A.relax B.communicateC.escape D.succeed【解析】选C。考查动词以及对语境的理解。他们知道一定有逃脱的方法。relax放轻松;communicate交流;escape逃跑;succeed成功。应选C。17.A.wrapped B.limitedC.fastened D.separated【解析】选D。考查对语境的理解。他们靠得很近,但是却被掉下的石头和粉末分开了。wrap包裹;limit限制;fasten加速;separate分开。应选D。18.A.pain B.coldC.water D.warmth【解析】选A。考查名词以及对语境的理解。他用菜刀挖,能够感觉到手指的疼痛。应选A。 19.A.spreading B.bundlingC.sticking D.surrounding【解析】选D。丈夫把妻子周围的石头清理掉。spread传播;bundle匆匆送走;stick粘住;surrounding周围的。应选D。20.A.complete B.steadyC.constant D.weak【解析】选B。慢慢地妻子有了稳定地呼吸。complete完全的;steady稳固的;constant持续的;weak虚弱的。应选B。Ⅲ.语法填空阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(2022·长沙模拟)Climatechangehascausedariseinsealevels.Thishasincreasedtheamountofsaltinfreshwater1.__________(use)oncoastalfarms.Asaresult,farmersare2.__________(gradual)unabletousefieldsclosetothesea.However,MarcVanRijsselberg,afarmerintheNetherlandsisnowusinga3.__________(mix)ofseaandfreshwater4.__________(grow)healthyandtastyvegetables.HeteamedupwithscientistsfromtheFreeUniversityanddividedafarm5.__________eightnegatedareas.Separatepipespumpedfreshandseawater,andacomputerprogramcreatedwaterwitheightlevelsofsalinity(含盐度).Thewaterlevelsandthelevelsofsalinity6.__________(control)bycomputerizedmeasuringdevicescalled“sensors〞.MarcVanRijsselbergsaidhewasabletoharvestvegetablesfrommostofth