2023年高考英语一轮复习话题语篇专攻练18科普发明（三）外研版

PAGEPAGE6话题语篇专攻练18科普创造(三)(建议用时40分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解AExpensiveandnewglovesallowchatterboxes(话匣子)totaketheterm“handsfree〞toanewlevel—bytalkingintothemastheymakeacall.Theglovesareknownas“TalktotheHand〞andcost￡1,000apair.TheyfixedaspeakerunitintothethumbandamicrophoneintothelittlefingerthatcanbeconnectedtoanymobilehandsetusingBluetooth.ArtistSeanMilesdesignedthenewglovesthatdoubleasaphoneinpartofhisprojectthatshowsthepossibilitiesofgadgetrecycling.HeusesoutdatedglovesandcombinesthemwithpartsfrommobilehandsetsrecycledthroughO2,whichcommissioned(承当)theproject.Mobilephoneuserswillbeabletokeeptheirhandswarmwhiletheychatwithouttakingtheirphonesoutoftheirpocketsorhandbags.MrMilesdesignedtwopairsofthenewgloves—oneinpinkandtheotherinbrownandyellow.TheywillappearinanexhibitionthisJulyandvisitorswillbeabletowinthegloves.Ifdemandishigh,theywillthenbeproducedonalargerscale.O2Recycle,whichbackedtheproject,estimatesthattherearealready70millionunusedmobilehandsetsintheUK.Theservicepaysupto￡260tothosewhorecyclegadgetsincludingphones,handheldconsoles,MP3playersanddigitalcameras.DesignerSeanMileshopeshisworkwillgetpeoplethinkingaboutrecycling.The41-year-oldsaid,“Ihopethatmy‘TalktotheHand’projectwillgetpeopletothinkagainaboutthewastecreatedbynotrecyclinggadgets.Ifafewmorepeoplerecycletheirgadgetsratherthansendthemtotrash,Ithinkthisprojectwillhavefulfilleditsaim.〞BillEyres,headofO2Recycle,urgespeopletorecycletheirphoneresponsibly.Hesaid,“There’sapressingneedforallofustolookatoutdatedhandsets,andallthegadgetsthatwemoveonfromorupgradeeachyear.Whethertheyareconsolesorcameras,weshouldthinkofthemasaresourcethatweneedtorecycleresponsiblyratherthanthrowthemaway.〞【文章大意】本文主要介绍了一种利用废弃的东西制成的新型的手套,这种手套可以用来打。1.Theunderlinedword“O2”inParagraph2isprobablythenameof______.A.anartist B.acompanyC.amobile D.anexhibition【解析】选B。词义猜想题。根据画线词后面的whichcommissionedtheproject可知,它是一个公司的名字。2.Consumerscanbuythe“TalktotheHand〞gloves______.A.intheexhibitionB.fromMrMilesC.whentheyaremassproducedD.aftertheyrecyclethegadgets【解析】选C。推理判断题。结合文中的Ifdemandishigh,theywillthenbeproducedonalargerscale.可知,如果需求量大的话,会大规模生产,这样顾客就可以购置了。3.Thepurposeoftheprojectisto______.A.promotethetechnologyofITB.enablepeopletotalktotheirhandsC.raisepeople’sawarenessofrecyclingD.attractvisitors’attentionintheexhibition【解析】选C。推理判断题。从倒数第二段的DesignerSeanMileshopeshisworkwillgetpeoplethinkingaboutrecycling.可知,这种手套可以提高人们的废弃物品再回收的意识。4.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Newmobilesthatarefashionable.B.Outdatedhandsetsthatareupgraded.C.Outdatedgadgetsthatcanbeusedforrecycling.D.Newglovesthatcanbeusedformakingphonecalls.【解析】选D。主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了一种利用废弃的东西制成的手套可以用来打,这样提高了人们的废弃物品等的回收意识。BThespeedoflightisoftencalleda“constant〞.Newexperimentsshowthatmaynotbetrue,evenwithinavacuum.Sometimes,lightslowsabit.Thenewresearchis“veryimpressivework,〞RobertBoydsaid.“It’sthesortofthingthat’ssoobvious,youwonderwhyyoudidn’tthinkofitfirst.〞Lighttravelsasparticlesandaswaves.Photons(光子)arethenamegiventothoseparticlesthatrepresentthesmallestpossibleamountoflight.Attheirfastest,photonstravelnearly300millionmetersinasinglesecond.That’sfastenoughtogettothemoonandbackinabout2.6seconds.Scientistshadlongknown,though,thattheycouldslowlightphotonsdownbyshiningthemthroughamaterialsuchasglassorwater.Still,lightmovingthroughavacuumhasusuallybeenassumedtomoveatpeakspeed.Thatwouldseemtomakesense.Inanewstudy,however,scientistsshowthatevenracingthroughavacuum,lightcanslow.Sothespeedoflightismoreofauniversalspeedlimitthananabsoluteruleforhowfastphotonstravel.MilesPadgettandhiscolleaguesshowedthatthekeytoslowinglightistochangetheshapeofalightwave.Histeamracedapairofphotons.Onetraveledunchangedthroughacablemadefromopticalfibers.Theotherpassedthroughapairofdevicesthatactedlikelenses.Alenschangeslight:Itcanfocusaspread-outbeamoflightintoapoint,forinstance.Thesecondphotonpassedthroughonedevicethatchangedtheshapeofitswaveandanotherthatchangeditbacktoitsoriginalform.Thefirstphotonwontherace.Thesecondphotoncameinatinybitlater,severalquadrillionthsofasecondlateforeverymeteroftherace.Thedifferencewasn’thuge,butitwasenoughtomeasure.Mosttechnologywouldnotpickupsuchasmallchange,butitcouldbeimportanttoscientistswhostudyshortpulsesoflight.“I’mnotsurprisedtheeffectexists,〞Boydsaid.“Butit’ssurprisingthatitissolargeandstrong.〞【文章大意】本文主要介绍了光的速度其实并不像人们所想象的那样,总是很快。有的时候,它可以慢下来。5.WhatBoydsaidinPara.2maymean______.A.itisn’tsurprisingthatlightcanslowB.itisclearthatlighthasaconstantspeedC.itisapitythathedidn’tslowlightfirstD.itisawonderthatlightslowsdown【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第二段的It’sthesortofthingthat’ssoobvious,youwonderwhyyoudidn’tthinkofitfirst.可知,他认为这种现象其实是很明显的,为什么自己没有提前想到,说明这并不是一件令人吃惊的事情。6.Accordingtothetext,Milesthinks______.A.lightphotonsdon’tslowdowninavacuumB.thespeedoflightisn’tabsoluteforphotonsC.thereisreallyalimittothespeedoflightD.travelingphotonskeepanabsoluteruleofspeed【解析】选B。细节理解题。结合第四段的Sothespeedoflightismoreofauniversalspeedlimitthananabsoluteruleforhowfastphotonstravel.可知,光的速度更是一种普遍的速度限制,而不是光子运行多快的绝对规那么。7.Howcanpeopleslowlightefficiently?A.Bykeepinglighttravelinginastraightline.B.Bysendinglightthroughacableofopticalfiber.C.Byfocusingaspread-outbeamoflightintoapoint.D.Bychangingthedirectionoflightconstantly.【解析】选C。细节理解题。从倒数第三段的Itcanfocusaspread-outbeamoflightintoapoint,forinstance.Thesecondphotonpassedthroughonedevicethatchangedtheshapeofitswaveandanotherthatchangeditbacktoitsoriginalform.及倒数第二段的Thesecondphotoncameinatinybitlater可知,把分散的光聚集成一个点可减慢光速。8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it〞referto?A.Therace. B.Thephoton.C.Asecond. D.Thedifference.【解析】选D。词义猜想题。根据倒数第二段的画线词前面的Thedifferencewasn’thuge可知,这里的it指的就是这个差异。9.Whatmightbethemostsuitabletitleforthepassage?A.SometimeslightisnotsofastB.LightcanslowintheendC.ThelightrunsfastestinavacuumD.Lightspeedisbeyondmeasurement【解析】选A。主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了有的时候光的速度并不像人们所想象的那样快,它也有慢的时候。Ⅱ.完形填空Ihadbeenwritinginpenandinkbeforemakingthechangetoacomputerkeyboard.Ihadbecomequicklyusedtothefeelofthe__1__onmyfingers.Idiscoveredhow__2__itwastoseemywordsinblacktype,almostasifitwerealreadya__3__inabook.Igrewusedtorushingthroughafirstdraft,reworkingitwithpenin__4__,retyping,reworking,retyping__5__IhadmycopyinwhatIhadbelievedwasreasonably__6__tohandintomyagent.Thesecrettogoodwritingwasrewriting.Ireconsiderdifferentwaysof__7__thematerial;thesubconsciousisavery__8__place,andeverythought,isconstantly__9__.Writingstoriesislikebuildingahouse__10__woodenblocks:removeone,andyoumustrearrangethesupporting__11__orthewholestructurewill__12__.Someofmywritingfriendscontinuedto__13__,andtheyofteninsistedthattheywerehappywiththeoldwaysofpenonpaper.Infact,manyofthemcontinuedto__14__thatwayandsomestilldo;Ihaveanumberofwritingfriendsthathave__15__toadaptinanysituation.Isupposeitisanagething.Afterall,they__16__,thegreatestworksofliteraturewerecomposedwithpenandpaper.WereWilliamShakespeareorCharlesDickens__17__bythelackofcomputertechnology?Imustadmitthatittookawhileto__18__myfear.WhenIsloweddownormetadifficultywhilewriting,Iwonderedwhetherornotthe__19__wasduetothenewprocessandthedifficultiesofhavingtorememberthenewstrokesonacomputerkeyboard.__20__,myearliertypingskillscameinhandyandafterafewmonthsIwasabletowriteandrewritetomyheart’scontent,whichIcontinuetodotoday.【文章大意】本文主要介绍了作者从用笔写作过渡到使用电脑写作,以及他的一些朋友们仍然拒绝使用电脑写作的一些故事。1.A.pens B.keys C.words D.pains【解析】选B。考查词汇复现。结合上文的makingthechangetoacomputerkeyboard可知,作者现在开始用电脑写作了,因此他的手指在键上活动。2.A.simple B.easy C.slow D.great【解析】选D。考查语境逻辑。根据后面的itwastoseemywordsinblacktype看到了打出来的字,呈现出黑色印刷字体,好似已经成书一样,应该感到快乐。3.A.page B.passage C.text D.chapter【解析】选A。考查上下文暗示。与前面的inblacktype照应,指作者看到自己的作品,把字打到电脑上,好似是书页一样。4.A.sight B.line C.hand D.control【解析】选C。考查词汇复现。根据意义,表示手里拿着钢笔,重新写作。5.A.because B.until C.though D.if【解析】选B。考查语境逻辑。与前面的retyping,reworking,retyping照应,指作者写了又写,打了又打,直到作者对于自己的作品感到满意为止。6.A.acceptable B.importantC.humorous D.reliable【解析】选A。考查语境逻辑。与前面的retyping,reworking,retyping照应,指作者经过屡次的修改,认为可以接受了,才把自己的作品送到经纪人那里。7.A.collecting B.downloadingC.imagining D.expressing【解析】选D。考查语境逻辑。与Thesecrettogoodwritingwasrewriting.照应,指作者认为好的作品需要不断地修改,作者反复地思考不同的表达方式。8.A.busy B.natural C.distant D.separate【解析】选A。考查上下文暗示。根据语境,指我们的下意识,是一个繁忙的地方。与后面的everythought,isconstantly______照应。9.A.disappearing B.passingC.changing D.responding【解析】选C。考查上下文暗示。根据意义,指我们的意识不断地变化着,因此我们的想法也在不断地变化。10.A.in B.with C.on D.by【解析】选B。考查固定搭配。根据上下文,和后面的woodenblocks可知,像使用木块来建筑房子一样,with表示使用的具体的东西。11.A.neighbors B.polesC.bases D.signals【解析】选A。考查语境逻辑。结合前面的removeone,andyoumustrearrangethesupporting可知,你把房子的一块木块拿走了,必须重新排列周围相邻的木块。12.A.blowup B.burstoutC.turnover D.falldown【解析】选D。考查固定搭配。与前面的removeone和rearrangethesupporting______照应,指如果不重新排列的话,整个建筑就会倒塌。13.A.appreciate B.performC.resist D.rely【解析】选C。考查语境逻辑。结合后面的theyofteninsistedthattheywerehappywiththeoldwaysofpenonpaper可知,作者的这些朋友认为用笔来写作,他们会感到快乐,说明他们拒绝使用电脑。14.A.think B.write C.suffer D.compete【解析】选B。考查上下文暗示。与上文的withtheoldwaysofpenonpaper照应,指这些朋友们继续用钢笔写作。15.A.refused B.decided C.managed D.expected【解析】选A。考查上下文暗示。与上文照应,指作者的这些朋友们拒绝适应新的形式,即不使用电脑来写作。16.A.argue B.agree C.worry D.survive【解析】选A。考查语境逻辑。根据后面的thegreatestworksofliteraturewerecomposedwithpenandpaper可知,作者的朋友们提出理由说明最伟大的作品是用钢笔和纸撰写的。17.A.charged B.trappedC.rewarded D.prevented【解析】选D。考查语境逻辑。与前面的thegreatestworksofliteraturewerecomposedwithpenandpaper照应,指这些朋友们问:莎士比亚和狄更斯受到没有电脑的阻碍了吗?18.A.dealwith B.sortoutC.getover D.breakup【解析】选C。根据语境,表示作者成认自己使用电脑写作的时候,也需要克服恐惧感。19.A.trouble B.concern C.terror D.harm【解析】选A。考查语境逻辑。与前面的adifficulty一致,指作者在使用电脑写作的时候,遇到了麻烦。20.A.Thankfully B.HonestlyC.Actually D.Really【解析】选A。考查语境逻辑。根据后面的myearliertypingskillscameinhandyandafterafewmonthsIwasabletowriteandrewritetomyheart’scontent可知,作者对于自己能够使用电脑写作感到快乐。Ⅲ.语法填空阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。FlemingwasapoorScottishfarmer.Oneday,hesaveda1.________(terrify)boybyaccident.Thenextday,afancycarriagepulleduptoFleming’shouse.2.________elegantly-dressednoblemansteppedoutandintroducedhimselfasthefatheroftheboyFarmerFleming3.________(save).“Iwanttorepayyou,〞saidthenobleman.“Yousaved4.