新课堂英语必修三讲义Unit4PartⅠ

Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestarsTheCityinSpace—ISS宇宙深邃，太空缥缈，令人向往。移居到美好的“天上人间”去生活的美好愿望一直激励着人们。为了实现人类的这一愿望，人们在太空中建立了国际空间站……Ifyouwatchtheskyaboutanhourafterthesungoesdown，youmayseesome“movingstars”.stars.Theysatellites.Andstars.Theyareman－madesatellites.AndthebiggestofallistheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS国际空间站).FromnowuntilJulyisthebestseasontowatchtheISSflyingovertheearth，andpeoplecanseeitjustwiththeireyes.TheISSisthebiggestman－madesatellitebecausescientistswanttoliveonit.Theythinkthatthebestwaytolearnmoreaboutspaceistolivethere.Whenthespacestationisfinished，itwillbelikeacityinspace.Peoplewillstayandstudytherewithmanyofthethingstheyhaveathome.Laboratories，livingroomsandpowerstationsarebeingbuilt.TheISSisthemostambitiousandexpensivespaceprogramever.Billionsofdollarsarebeingspentoniteveryyear.ScientistshopethattheISSwillbeastepping－stoneforfuturespaceexploration.“TheISSwillhelpusbetterunderstandthehumanbody，explorespaceandstudytheearth.Itcanhelpusmakelifeontheearthbetter，”saidKathrynClark，anISSscientist.ChinaisnotanISScountry，butithashelpedwithsomeoftheexperiments.ChinasentsomericeuptotheISStofindoutwhatspacewoulddotoit.TheISSisnotfinishedyet.Morethan100partsneedtobeputon.Scientistshopeitwillbefinishedassoonaspossible.Afterit’sfinished，morethan90%oftheworld’spopulationwillbeabletoseetheSpaceStation.Sokeeplookingup，andmaybeyou’llseeitgetbigger.词海拾贝1.powerstation发电站2.ambitious/?m'bI??s/adj.有雄心的；有野心的3.billion/'bIlj?n/n.十亿；大量4.stepping－stonen.踏脚石

PartⅠWarmingUp&ReadingⅠ.重点单词1.systemn.系统；体系；制度2.theoryn.学说；理论3.billionn.十亿；大量adj.十亿的4.globen.球体；地球仪；地球5.atmospheren.大气层；气氛6.fundamentaladj.基本的；基础的7.multiplyvi.&vt.乘；增加8.oxygenn.氧9.puzzlen.谜；难题vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难10.religionn.宗教；宗教信仰→religiousadj.宗教的11.unlikeprep.与……不同；不像→likevt.喜欢prep.像；如同→likelyadj.可能的12.violentadj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→violencen.暴力→violentlyadv.暴力地；猛烈地13.harmfuladj.有害的→harmn.&v.伤害→harmlessadj.无害的14.existvi.存在；生存→existencen.存在；生存Ⅱ.核心短语1.solar__system太阳系2.in__time及时；终于3.cool__down冷却下来；变凉4.be__fundamental__to对……(来说)是基本的5.layeggs下蛋6.givebirthto产生；分娩7.inone’sturn轮到某人；接着8.prevent...from阻止；制止Ⅲ.经典句式1.What__it__was__to__becomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsago...随后它变成什么没人确定，直到45～38亿年前……2.Theearthbecameso__violent__thatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.地球(开始)变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。3.What__is__even__more__importantisthatastheearthcooleddown，waterbegantoappearonitssurface.更为重要的是当地球平静下来时，水开始在地球表面出现了。4.This__produced__a__chain__reaction，whichmadeitpossiblefor__life__to__develop.这就产生了一种连锁反应，使得生命的发展成为可能。5.Sowhether__life__will__continue__on__the__earthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhether__this__problem__can__be__solved.所以，在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续取决于这个问题能否得到解决。1.否定前缀：un-①like→unlikeprep.与……不同；不像②able→unableadj.不能够③fair→unfairadj.不公平的④fit→unfitadj.不健康的⑤happy→unhappyadj.不高兴的⑥usual→unusualadj.不寻常的2.形容词后缀：-fulharm(损害)＋－ful→harmfuladj.有害的3.名词动用词汇puzzlen.谜；难题→vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难原文呈现HOWLIFEBEGANONTHEEARTHNooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan，asithappenedsolongago.However，accordingto①awidelyaccepted②theory③，theuniversebeganwith④a“BigBang⑤”thatthrewmatterinalldirections⑥.Afterthat，atoms⑦begantoformandcombinetocreatestarsandotherbodies.Forseveralbillion⑧yearsafterthe“BigBang”，theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust⑨.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe⑩.Theearthbecamesoviolent?thatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimeto?producecarbondioxide?，nitrogen?，watervapour?andothergases，whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere?.Whatisevenmoreimportantisthatastheearthcooleddown?，waterbegantoappearonitssurface.WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut，unlike?theearth，ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamental?tothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwater?allowedtheearthtodissolveeq\o(○,\s\up7(21))harmfuleq\o(○,\s\up7(22))gasesandacidseq\o(○,\s\up7(23))intotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreactioneq\o(○,\s\up7(24))，whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.Manymillionsofyearslater，thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedeq\o(○,\s\up7(25))andfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygeneq\o(○,\s\up7(26))，whichencouragedeq\o(○,\s\up7(27))thelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfisheq\o(○,\s\up7(28))andallsortsoffish.Next，greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others，calledamphibianseq\o(○,\s\up7(29))，wereabletoliveonlandaswellaseq\o(○,\s\up7(30))inthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests，reptileseq\o(○,\s\up7(31))appearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggseq\o(○,\s\up7(32)).Afterthat，somehugeanimals，calleddinosaurseq\o(○,\s\up7(33))，developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedeq\o(○,\s\up7(34))ontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However，65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossibletheriseofmammalseq\o(○,\s\up7(35))ontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast，becausetheygavebirthtoeq\o(○,\s\up7(36))youngbabyanimalsandproducedmilktofeedthem.Finallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcleveranimals，nowwithhandsandfeet，appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thuseq\o(○,\s\up7(37))theyhave，intheirturneq\o(○,\s\up7(38))，becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheyarenotlookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere，whichpreventsheatfromescapingeq\o(○,\s\up7(39))fromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofeq\o(○,\s\up7(40))this，manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybecometoohottoliveoneq\o(○,\s\up7(41)).Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependoneq\o(○,\s\up7(42))whetherthisproblemcanbesolved.阅读清障※as引导原因状语从句。①accordingto根据。后不跟me，us，view，opinion。②widelyaccepted广泛接受的③theory/'θI?rI/n.学说；理论④beginwith(＝startwith)从……开始，起源于⑤BigBang宇宙大爆炸；创世大爆炸⑥inalldirections(＝ineverydirection)朝四面八方※that引导定语从句，修饰a“BigBang”。⑦atom/'?t?m/n.原子⑧billion/'bIlI?n/n.&adj.〈英〉万亿；〈美〉十亿⑨acloudofdust一团尘埃⑩globe/ɡl??b/n.球体；地球仪；地球global/'ɡl??bl/adj.全球性的；全世界的?violent/'vaI?l?nt/adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的※itwasnotclearwhether...，it是形式主语，whether从句是真正的主语。?intimetodosth/forsth及时做某事，来得及做某事※intime及时；终于?carbondioxide二氧化碳carbon/'kɑ:b?n/n.碳dioxide/daI'?ksaId/n.二氧化物?nitrogen/'naItr?d??n/n.氮?watervapour蒸汽；水蒸气※vapour/'veIp?/n.水蒸气?atmosphere/'?tm?sfI?/n.大气层；气氛?cooldown凉下来，冷却?unlike/?n'laIk/prep.与……不同；不像?fundamental/,f?nd?'mentl/adj.基本的；基础的※Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthat...中，it是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语。?thecontinuedpresenceofwater水的长期存在presence/'prezns/n.出席；到场；存在eq\o(○,\s\up2(21))dissolve/dI'z?lv/vt.&vi.溶解；解散eq\o(○,\s\up2(22))harmful/'hɑ:mfl/adj.有害的eq\o(○,\s\up2(23))acid/'?sId/n.酸eq\o(○,\s\up2(24))achainreaction连锁反应chain/t?eIn/n.链子；连锁；锁链reaction/rI'?k?n/n.反应；回应※whichmadeitpossible...是非限制性定语从句，修饰achainreaction，其中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是todevelop。eq\o(○,\s\up2(25))multiply/'m?ltIplaI/vi.&vt.乘；增加eq\o(○,\s\up2(26))oxygen/'?ksId??n/n.氧eq\o(○,\s\up2(27))encourage此处意为“激发，促进，助长”。eq\o(○,\s\up2(28))shellfish/'?elfI?/n.水生有壳动物eq\o(○,\s\up2(29))amphibian/?m'fIbI?n/n.两栖动物※calledamphibians“被称为两栖动物”，过去分词短语called...作后置定语，相当于定语从句whichwerecalled...。eq\o(○,\s\up2(30))aswellas也，还eq\o(○,\s\up2(31))reptile/'reptaIl/n.爬行动物；爬虫eq\o(○,\s\up2(32))layeggs下蛋eq\o(○,\s\up2(33))dinosaurn.恐龙eq\o(○,\s\up2(34))exist/Iɡ'zIst/vi.存在；生存※Whytheysuddenlydisappeared是why引导的主语从句。eq\o(○,\s\up2(35))mammal/'m?ml/n.哺乳动物※madepossible...“使……成为可能”，宾语theriseofmammalsontheearth因为太长而后置。eq\o(○,\s\up2(36))givebirthto产生；分娩eq\o(○,\s\up2(37))thus/e?s/adv.因此；于是eq\o(○,\s\up2(38))inone’sturn轮到某人eq\o(○,\s\up2(39))prevent...fromdoing阻止/制止……做eq\o(○,\s\up2(40))asaresultof由于……的结果eq\o(○,\s\up2(41))toohottoliveon太热而不能在上面居住eq\o(○,\s\up2(42))dependon取决于，依靠Ⅰ.Matchthemainideawitheachparagraph.1.Para.1A.Theformation(形成)oftheearth.2.Para.2B.Theimportanceofwaterforlife.3.Para.3C.Awidelyacceptedtheoryabouttheformationoftheuniverse.4.Para.4D.Thearrivalofhumansandtheirimpactontheearth.5.Para.5E.Thedevelopmentofplantsandanimalsontheearth.答案1.C2.A3.B4.E5.DⅡ.Readthetextandchoosethebestanswer.1.Whywaslifeabletodevelopontheearthbutnotonotherplanets?A.Theearthhadasolidshape.B.Theearthdidn’thaveharmfulgasesinitsatmosphere.C.Thewaterstayedontheearthbutnotonotherplanets.D.Theearthwasnottoohotandnottoocold.2.Whyareplantsimportantontheearth?A.Theyproduceoxygenforanimals.B.Theyprovidetheshadeforanimals.C.Theyprovideabeautifulscene.D.Theyprotectthesoilfrombeingdestroyed.3.Whatisthecorrectorderaccordingtothetext?①Thecleveranimalswithhandsandfeetappearedandspreadallovertheearth.②The“BigBang”.③Smallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.④65millionyearsago，theageofthedinosaursended.A.②①③④ B.④③①②C.②④③① D.②③④①4.Earlyhumansappearedafterdinosaursdiedout________millionyearslater.A.67.6 B.62.4C.65 D.140答案1.C2.A3.D4.BⅢ.Fillintheblanksaccordingtothetext.Ⅳ.Analyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.1.Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan，asithappenedsolongago.[句式分析][尝试翻译]没有人确切知道地球是怎样开始的，因为在很久以前它就形成了。2.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.[句式分析][尝试翻译]随后它变成什么没人确定，直到45～38亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢地形成了一个固态的球体。3.Whatisevenmoreimportantisthatastheearthcooleddown，waterbegantoappearonitssurface.[句式分析]这是一个复合句。what引导主语从句；that引导表语从句；as在表语从句中引导状语从句。[尝试翻译]更重要的是，随着地球的不断冷却，地球表面出现了水。4.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.[句式分析]本句是一个复合句。whetherlife...tocome是主语从句，willdependon是句子的谓语，介词on后是whether引导的宾语从句，作介词on的宾语。[尝试翻译]所以，在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续取决于这个问题能否得到解决。1.violentadj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的Theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.(教材P25)地球(开始)变得如此激烈动荡，以至于不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。(1)violentlyadv.猛烈地；凶狠地(2)violencen.暴力；暴行；激情withviolence猛烈地；强有力地①Aviolentstormhitthecitylastnight，whichcausedalotofdamage.昨天夜里，暴风骤雨袭击了这座城市，造成重大损失。②You’dbetternotshutthewindowviolently(violent).你最好不要猛关窗户。③Whateverhappens，wewillneveruseviolence(violent).无论发生什么，我们决不会使用暴力。[语境串记]Larrywasinviolentpain.Asaresult，hebehavedviolentlyandtreatedeverythingwithviolence.拉里处于极度痛苦之中，因此他表现得很粗暴，一切都以暴力对待。2.harmfuladj.有害的Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.(教材P26)很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，使地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。(1)beharmfulto...对……有害(2)harmn.&vt.伤害；损害doharmtosb＝dosbharm伤害某人(3)harmlessadj.无害的；无辜的①Thisobjectgivesoffharmfulgaseswhichareharmfultoourhealth.此物散发出损害我们健康的气体。②Themedicineisharmfultochildrenbutharmless(harm)toadults.这种药对儿童有害，却对成年人没有什么害处。③WatchingTVtoomuchdoesharmtoyoureyes.看电视过多对眼睛有害。[语境串记]Playingcomputergameswillnotonlydogreatharmtoyourphysicalhealth，butitisalsoharmfultoyourmentalhealth.Sothereisnoharminadvisingyoutogiveitup.玩电脑游戏不仅对你的身体健康有害，而且对你的心理健康也有害，因此建议你放弃玩电脑游戏是没有害处的。3.existvi.存在；生存Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.(教材P26)它们也生蛋，在地球上存在了1亿4千多万年。(1)existin存在于Thereexists...某地有……；存在……(2)existencen.存在；生存comeintoexistence开始存在；成立①Nothingexistsonthemoonasthereisnowaterandnoair.月球上没有东西生存，因为那里没有水和空气。②Thereexistsatalltreeinfrontofmyhome.在我家门前有一棵很高的树。③Doyouknowwhenthiskindofrobotcameintoexistence(exist)?你知道这种机器人是什么时候问世的吗？④Similarproblemsexistinothercountriesaswell.类似的问题其它国家也存在。[名师点津]exist是不及物动词，没有被动语态，也不用于进行时态。4.puzzlen.谜；难题vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难Howlifebeganonearthisoneofthebiggestpuzzlesthatscientistsfoundhardtosolve.(教材P27)地球上生命的起源是科学家们难以解决的最大疑惑之一。(1)(be)apuzzletosb...……对某人来说仍是个谜(2)puzzlingadj.令人迷惑的puzzledadj.感到迷惑的bepuzzledabout对……迷惑不解①Itisapuzzletomewhyhewantstochangehisjob.他为什么想变换工作对我来说仍是个谜。②Whatpuzzledmewaswhytheyhadsuchaviolentquarrel.令我不解的是他们为什么发生了如此激烈的争吵。③Thepuzzledlookonherfacesuggestedshewaspuzzlingoverthepuzzlingmathproblem.(puzzle)她困惑的表情暗示了她正在思考那个令人困惑的数学问题。[图解助记]1.intime及时；终于；迟早Theywereintimetoproducecarbondioxide，nitrogen，watervaporandothergases，whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.(教材P25～26)它们最终产生了二氧化碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。[一词多义]写出下面句子中intime的含义①Andyknewhecouldnotreachthehouseintime.及时②You’llsucceedintimebecauseyouarealwaysworkinghard.总有一天③Workinghardmadehimsuccessfulintime.终于intimeforsth赶上某事atonetime曾经；一度atatime每次；一次fromtimetotime有时；偶尔④Luckilyforhim，hewasjustintimeforthebus.幸运的是，他及时赶上了公共汽车。⑤Fortunately，thefirefightersarrivedintimetosavethechildtrappedinthebuilding.幸运的是，消防员及时赶到救下被困在大楼里的孩子。[语境串记]AtonetimeIgrewcrazyaboutskating.However，Ifellontothegroundfromtimetotime，butIknewthatIwouldatnotimebeskilledifIlackedpractice.曾经我对滑冰十分痴迷。然而我却有时摔在冰面上，但是我知道如果缺乏训练我绝对不会熟练。2.inone’sturn轮到某人；接着Thustheyhave，intheirturn，becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.(教材P26)于是，它们接着成了这个行星上最重要的动物。inturn依次；轮流；转而；反过来taketurnstodosth轮流做某事It’sone’sturntodosth轮到某人做某事①Whenitwasinmyturn，Iwastooexcitedtospeak.当轮到我时，我激动得都说不出话来了。②Wetaketurnstodothehousework.我们轮流做家务。③It’smyturnto__deliver(deliver)aspeechinpublic.轮到我在公众面前发表演讲了。④Alltheoriesarefrompracticeandinturnservepractice.所有的理论都来源于实践，并反过来为实践服务。3.prevent...from阻止；制止Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere，whichpreventsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.(教材P26)他们把过多的二氧化碳排放到大气层中，这使得地球上的热量不能释放到太空中去。eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(prevent＋宾语＋fromdoing,stop＋宾语＋fromdoing,keep＋宾语＋fromdoing))阻止……干某事protect...from(against)...保护……不受……侵袭(from后接能带来伤害或损害之物)①Theywerestopped/preventedfromenteringtheburningbuilding.他们被拦在了燃烧着的大楼外面。②Wewereprevented/stopped/keptfromattending(attend)ProfessorLi’slecturebytheheavyrain.大雨使我们没能参加李教授的演讲。③Hewearssunglassestoprotecthiseyesagainst/fromthestrongsunlight.他戴墨镜保护眼睛使其免受强烈阳光的伤害。[名师点津]短语prevent/stop...from...中的from可以省略，keep...from...中的from不能省略。但在被动结构中，from均不可省略。1.Thisproducedachainreaction，whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.(教材P26)这就产生了一个连锁反应，使生命的发展成为可能。(1)句中madeitpossibleforlifetodevelop属于“v.＋it＋adj./n.＋todo/that从句”结构。该结构中，it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式或that从句。(2)vt.＋it＋adj./n.＋todo/doing/that－clause。其中，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语或动名词部分或从句，it后的形容词或名词作宾语补足语。常用此结构的动词有think，find，consider，feel，make，take等。①Ifindithardtorememberthesewordsinashorttime.我发现在短时间内记住这些词很难。②Thepolicemadethemstandagainstthewall.＝Theyweremadebythepoliceto__stand(stand)againstthewall.警察强迫他们靠墙站着。[名师点津]当“make＋宾语＋dosth”变为被动语态时，不定式符号“to”要还原。③ImustmakeitclearthatI’llalwayssupportyou.我必须说清楚我会一直支持你。2.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.(教材P26)所以，在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续取决于这个问题能否得到解决。此句为主从复合句。句中两个whether分别引导了两个名词性从句，分别在句中作主语及介词on的宾语。①Itremainstobeseenwhetherornotthisideacanbeputintopractice.(whether引导主语从句)这一想法能否付诸实践还有待于观察。②I’llseewhethershe’sathome.我来看看她在不在家。(whether引导宾语从句)③Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。④Whetherthereislifeonthemoonisaninterestingquestion.月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。⑤Idon’tknowifitwon’traintomorrow.我不知道明天是不是会下雨。[名师点津]whether和if是否一样用？主从表从同位从，if不用whether用；discuss和介词后，whether用来引宾从；不定式，ornot后面跟，whether独能显神通；宾从如是否定句，if发挥其功能。(注：主从指位于句首的主语从句)Ⅰ.单词拼写1.Smokingisharmful(有害的)tohealth，buttherearestillmanypeoplepickingitup.2.Somepeoplearestillpuzzled(迷惑的)abouthowthecomputerworks.3.Ifyoumultiply(乘)twoandthree，youwillgetsix.4.Thistheory(理论)ishelpfultoexplainhowtheuniversebegan.5.Twopeoplehavebeenkilledintheviolent(暴力的)incidentonMarch2nd.6.Peoplesufferinghungerstillexist(存在)inmanypartsoftheworldtoday.7.Unlike(不像)whatyousupposed，onlyfewpeopleattendedhisbirthdayparty.8.Thenewownershavetriedtogivetherestaurantamorefamily－friendlyatmosphere(气氛).Ⅱ.选词填空inone’sturn，intime，puzzleabout，dogreatharmto，givebirthto，protect...from...，layeggs，prevent...from...1.Ihavebeenpuzzling__aboutthisquestionforweeks.2.Thesefactorieshavedone__great__harm__totheenvironment.3.Somemeasureshavebeentakenin__timetoprotecttheenvironment.4.Asweknow，laying__eggsistheantqueen’sfull－timejob.5.Theotherdaymypetcatgave__birth__toanewlittlecat.6.Thenewmeasuresaredesignedtoprotectthepublicfrompeoplelikethese.7.RecentlyseveralTaiwanesewereprevented__fromgoingaboardfortheirpassports.8.Allthefivedaughters，in__their__turn，tookcareofthesickfatherinhospital.Ⅲ.完成句子1.Iwonderwhether__or__not__you__can__come__in__time.我不知道你能否及时赶过来。2.Wehave__made__it__a__habit__to__walkaftersupper.我们每天晚饭后散步已成习惯。3.Wherethemissingplanehasgonestillremains__a__puzzle__to__us.失联飞机去了哪儿对我们来说仍是个谜。4.Inaddition，what__may__interest__you__mostisthatIamreallynervousandupsetwhentakingtheexam.另外，可能使你感兴趣的是，考试时我真的紧张、烦躁。5.It__is__obvious__thatagoodlearninghabitcanhelpustospeeduptoreachourdestinations.显而易见，一个好的学习习惯能帮助我们尽快达到我们的目标。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Itisuncertainwhetherhe’llsucceedinpassingthedrivingtestornot.2.Hisjoiningmadeitpossibleforustofinishtheworkthisevening.3.Eachofusinturnhadtodescribehowalcoholhadaffectedourlives.4.Youneedn’tworrybecausethissnakeisharmless(harm).5.Myrelationshipwiththeactorsisfundamentaltomyworkasadirector.6.Lookatthepicturesandtaketurnsto__tell(tell)thestory.7.Whateverhappens，wewillneveruseviolence(violent).8.Unlike(like)hisbrother，heistalkative，whilehisbrotheralwayskeepssilent.Ⅱ.课文语法填空Theearthwasjust1.acloudofdustafterthe“BigBang”.Theearthexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Timetoproducemanythings，whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Astheearthcooleddown，waterbegantoappearon3.its(it)surface.Itallowedtheearthtodissolve4.harmful(harm)gases.Thenlifebegantodevelop.Thefirstsmallplantsmultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen.Thisencouragedthe5.development(develop)ofearlyshellfishandfish.Landanimalssuchasinsects，reptilesanddinosaursappearedaftergreenplantsappeared.Smallcleveranimalsspreadall6.overtheearth.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere，7.whichpreventsheatfrom8.escaping(escape)fromtheearthintospace.9.Whetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcan10.besolved(solve).Ⅲ.阅读理解AAlmosteverymachinewithmovingpartshaswheels，yetnooneknowsexactlywhenthefirstwheelwasinventedorwhatitwasusedfor.Wedoknow，however，thattheyexistedover5，500yearsagoinancientAsia.Theoldestknowntransportwheelwasdiscoveredin2002inSlovenia.Itisover5，100yearsold.Evidencesuggeststhatwheelsfortransportdidn’tbecomepopularforawhile，though.Thiscouldbebecauseanimalsdidaperfectlygoodjobofcarryingfarmingtoolsandhumansaround.Butitcouldalsobebecauseofadifficultsituation.Whilewheelsneedtorollonsmoothsurfaces，roadswithsmoothsurfacesweren’tgoingtobeconstructeduntiltherewasplentyofdemandforthem.Eventually，roadsurfacesdidbecomesmoother，butthisdifficultsituationappearedagainafewcenturieslater.Therehadbeennoimportantchangesinwheelandvehicledesignbeforethearrivalofmodernroaddesign.Inthemid－1700s，aFrenchmancameupwithanewdesignofroad—abaselayer(层)oflargestonescoveredwithathinlayerofsmallerstones.AScotsmanimprovedonthisdesigninthe1820sandastrong，lastingroadsurfacebecameareality.Ataroundthesametime，metalhubs(thecentralpartofawheel)cameintobeing，followedbythepneumaticstyre(充气轮胎)in1846.Alloy(合金)wheelswereinventedin1967，sixtyyearsaftertheappearanceoftarmacroads(柏油路).Aswheeldesigntookoff，vehiclesgotfasterandfaster.【语篇解读】轮子是什么时候发明的呢？最早的用途又是什么呢？这些问题无人能回答。但是我们知道，轮子存在的时间已经超过5500年。1.Whatmightexplainwhytransportwheelsdidn’tbecomepopularforsometime?A.Fewknewhowtousetransportwheels.B.Humanscarriedfarmingtoolsjustaswell.C.Animalswereagoodmeansoftransport.D.Theexistenceoftransportwheelswasnotknown.答案C[细节理解题。由第二段第四句“Thiscouldbebecauseanimalsdidaperfectlygoodjobofcarryingfarmingtoolsandhumansaround.”可知，动物在运载农具和人这一方面起了很重要的作用，这是轮子一时没有流行的原因。]2.Whatdoweknowaboutroaddesignfromthepassage?A.Itwaseasierthanwheeldesign.B.Itimprovedafterbigchangesinvehicledesign.C.Itwaspromotedbyfast－movingvehicles.D.Itprovidedconditionsforwheeldesigntodevelop.答案D[细节理解题。由第三段最后一句“Therehadbeennoimportantchangesinwheelandvehicledesignbeforethearrivalofmodernroaddesign.”可知，在现代的道路设计之前，轮子和车辆的设计是没有重大变化的。故D项“道路设计为轮子设计的发展提供了条件”正确。]3.Howisthelastparagraphmainlydeveloped?A.Bygivingexamples.B.Bymakingcomparisons.C.Byfollowingtimeorder.D.Bymakingclassifications.答案C[文章结构题。根据第四段中的“mid－1700s”“1820s”“1846”“1967”可知，整个段落是按时间顺序展开说明的。]4.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Thebeginningofroaddesign.B.Thedevelopmentoftransportwheels.C.Thehistoryofpublictransport.D.Theinventionoffast－movingvehicles.答案B[主旨大意题。由文章全文内容尤其是第一段可知，本文主要介绍了轮子的发展，所以B项正确。]BSatellitesareanimportantpartofourordinarylives.Forexample，theinformationforweatherforecastsissentbysatellites.SomesatelliteshavecameraswhichtakephotographsoftheEarthtoshowhowcloudsaremoving.Satellitesarealsousedtoconnectourinternationalphonecalls.ComputerconnectionsoftheWorldWideWebandInternetalsousesatellites.ManyofourTVprogrammescometoUSthroughsatellites.Airplanepilotsalsosometimesuseasatellitetohelpthemfindtheirexactlocation.Weusesatellitestosendtelevisionpicturesfromonepartoftheworldtoanother.Theyareusually35，880kilometresabovetheequator(赤道).Sometimeswecanseeasatelliteintheskyanditseemstostayinthesameplace.Thisisbecauseitismovingaroundtheworldat11，000kilometresanhour—exactlythesamespeedthattheearthrotates(转动).AsatellitemustorbittheEarthwithitsantennae(天线)facingtheearth.Sometimes，itmovesawayfromitsorbit，sotherearelittlerocketsonitwhichareusedtoputthesatellitebackintherightposition.Thisusuallyhappensabouteveryfiveorsixdays.Spaceisnotempty!Everyweek，moreandmoresatellitesaresentintospacetoorbittheEarth.Asatelliteusuallyworksforabout10～12years.SatelliteswhicharebrokenaresometimesrepairedbyastronautsorsometimesbroughtbacktotheEarthtoberepaired.Often，veryoldorbrokensatellitesareleftinspacetoorbittheEarthforaverylongtime.Thisisveryseriousbecausesomesatellitesusenuclearpowerandtheycancrashintoeachother.【语篇解读】本文是一篇科普说明文。文章对各种卫星的用途、卫星工作的状态以及人们对已损坏卫星的处理办法进行了解释说明。5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTdonebysatellitesaccordingtothepassage?A.Sendinginformationforweatherforecasts.B.TakingphotographsoftheEarth.C.SendingTVpictures.D.Providingfoodforairplanepilots.答案D[细节理解题。根据第一段和第三段首句不难看出，卫星可以传递天气预报信息、拍摄地球照片、传递电视图片等，但是没说为飞行员提供食物，所以选择D项。]6.WhydoesthesatellitemovearoundtheworldatthesamespeedastheEarthrotates?A.Inordertotakephotographs.B.Inordertostayinacertainpositionintheorbit.C.Inordertomoveawayfromitsorbit.D.Inordertosendtelevisionpictures.答案B[细节理解题。根据第三段内容可以看出，卫星之所以用和地球自转相同的速度绕地球旋转，是为