Unit12独立主格结构1

I1SMART中小学1对1中小学1对1课外辅导专家Unit12独立主格分词作状语时，其逻辑主语往往和谓语动词的主语一致。有时，分词有自己的主语。这种带主语的分词结构叫做独立主格结构。独立主格结构由名词或代词加上其他成分构成，在语法上是一个独立的短语，不是句子，在意思上依附于整个句子，具体有以下特点：.独立主格结构的作用相当于状语从句，可表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式也可以或伴随状况；.可置于句首，也可以放在句尾；.主要用于书面语；.其逻辑主语与句中语法主语不同，不指同一个人或同一事物。一. 独立主格结构的构成.名词/主格代词+现在分词。名词/主格代词与现在分词之间主谓关系。 如：Thegirlstaringathim(=Asthegirlstaredathim),hedidn,tknowwhattosay. 姑娘两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。Timepermitting(=Iftimepermits),wewillgoforanoutingtomorrow, 如果时间允许的话，我们明天去郊游。.名词/主格代词+过去分词。名词/主格代词与过去分词之间的动宾关系。 如：Theproblemssolved(=Astheproblemsweresolved),thequalityhasbeenimproved. 随着问题的解决，质量已经提高了。Herglassesbroken(=Becauseherglasseswerebroken),shecouldn,tseethewordsontheblackboard. 由于眼镜摔坏了，她看不见黑板上的字。.名词/主格代词+不定式。名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主谓关系，且强调的是一次具体性的动作。如：Heisgoingtomakeamodelplane,someoldpartstohelp. 借助于一些旧零件，他要做一个飞机模型。Theysaidgood-byetoeachother,onetogohome,theothertogotothebookstore. 他们道别后，一个回了家，一个去了书店。.名词/主格代词+形容词。如：精锐教育•教学管理部精锐教育网站：精锐教育•教学管理部丁|1SMART常说教中 中小学1对1课外辅导专家Anairaccidenthappenedtotheplane,nobodyalive, 那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还。Somanypeopleabsent,themeetinghadtobecalledoff. 这么多人缺席，会议不得不取消。.名词/主格代词+副词。如：Heputonhissweaterwrongsideout, 他把毛衣穿反了。Themeetingover,theyallwenthome. 会议一结束，他们就都回家了。.名词/主格代词+介词短语。如：Theboygoestotheclassroom,bookinhand. 那男孩手里拿着书去教室。Marywassittingnearthefire,herbacktowardsthedoor. 玛丽靠近火炉坐着，背对着门。.Therebeing+名词(代词)如：Therebeingnothingelsetodo,wewenthome. 没有别的事可做，我们就回家了。Therebeingnofurtherbusiness,Ideclarethemeetingclosed.没有再要讨论的事了，我宣布散会。.Itbeing+名词(代词)如：ItbeingChristmas,thegovernmentofficeswereclosed. 由于圣诞节的缘故，政府机关都休息。Itbeingaholiday,alltheshopswereshut. 由于今天是假日，所有商店都关门了。二.独立主格结构的用法独立主格结构主要表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。.用作时间状语：Theworkdone(=Aftertheworkhadbeendone),wewenthome. 工作完成后，我们就回家了。.用作条件状语：Weatherpermitting(=Ifweatherpermits),theywillgoonanoutingtothebeachtomorrow.如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。.用作原因状语：Animportantlecturetobegiventomorrow(=Asanimportantlecturewillbegiventomorrow),theprofessorhastostayuplateintothenight. 因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。.用作伴随状语：Hewaslyingonthegrass,hishandscrossedunderhishead(=andhishandswerecrossedunderhishead).他躺在草地上，两手交叉枕在脑后。.表示补充说明：Weredoubledourefforts,eachmanworkingliketwo. 我们加倍努力，一个人干两个人的活。*注：独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时，相当于一个状语从句，一般放在句首，表示原因时还精锐教育网站：精锐教育网站：.|1SMART哨说教中中 中小学1对1课外辅导专家可放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。使用独立主格五点注意：.独立主格与状语从句的转换当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不是指同一个对象时， 可用独立主格结构取代状语从句，但不再保留连词。如： Afterclasswasover(=Classbeingover/Classover),thestudentssoonlefttheclassroom.下课后，学生很快离开了课室。.不能省略being(havingbeen)的情形在下列两种情况下， 独立主格结构中的being(或havingbeen)不能省略。(1)独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时。如：ItbeingSunday,wewenttochurch.因为是星期天，我们去了做礼拜。2)在Therebeing+名词的结构中。如：Therebeingnobus,wehadtogohomeonfoot. 因为没有公共汽车，所以我们不得不步行回家。.通常不用物主代词或冠词在“名词(或代词)+介词短语”构成的独立主格结构中，一般不用形容词性物主代词和冠词。如： MissSmithenteredtheclassroom,bookinhand.史密斯先生走进了课室，手里拿着一本书。比较with的复合结构。如：MissSmithenteredtheclassroom,withabookinhishand..独立主格结构没有所有格形式Thechief-editorarriving,webeganthemeeting. 主编来了，我们开始开会。(比较动名词复合结构。).独立主格结构有时可在其前加上介词with如：Don,tsleepwiththewindowsopen.别开着窗睡觉。练习(答案为黑体部分) A层Thechildrenwenthomefromthegrammarschool,theirlessons_fortheday.A.finishingB.finishedC.hadfinishedD.werefinished---Comeon,pleasegivemesomeideasabouttheproject.---Sorry.Withsomuchworkmymind,Ialmostbreakdown.A.filledB.fillingC.tofillD.beingfilledJohnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhiswork,hegladlyacceptedit.A.finishedB.finishingC.havingfinishedD.wasfinishedTherenoclassesyesterday,wepaidavisittotheGreatWall.A.wasB.beingC.wereD.hadbeenTheheavyrain,thechildrenwentoutsidetoplay.A.hadstoppedB.stoppedC.stoppingD.havingstopped精锐教育网站：精锐教育网站：丁|1SMART忙考:敷中 中小学1对1课外辅导专家productionupby60%,thecompanyhashadanotherexcellentyear.A.AsB.ForC.WithD.ThroughTheweathersobad,wehadtoputthegameoff.A.wasB.isC.wereD.beingTheproblem,themeetingcametotheend.A.settledB.wassettledC.beingsettledD.settingSuchthecase，therearenogroundstojustifyyourcomplaints.A.beingB.isC.was D.tobeDarknessin,theyoungpeoplelingeredonmerrymaking.A.set B.settingC.hasset D.wassetTherearevariouskindsofmetals,eachitsownproperties.A.has B.hadC.tohaveD.havingThearticleopensandcloseswithdescriptionsoftwonewsreports,eachonemajorpointincontrastwiththeother.A.makesB.madeC.istomakeD.makingThemeetingover,wealllefttheroom.A.isB.tobeC.beingD.wouldbeTheteachercamein,.A.withabookinhandB.abookinhandC.bookinhandD.withbookinhishandWithalotofwork,hewasallowedtogoouttoplay.A.doingB.todo C.done D.doThemeetingover,wealllefttheroomanddrovehome.A.is B.tobe C.being D.wouldbemetalsareconductors,silverthebestconductorofall.A.Almost,being B.All,isC.Almostall,being D.Almostall,tobeMystandwhatitis,Ihavetoopposewhattheyhavesuggested.A.is B.being C.hasbeen D.beEverythingyou,youshouldmarkitwithyourownname.A.belongsB.belongstoC.belongedtoD.belongingto精锐教育网站：精锐教育•教学管理部精锐教育网站：tSMART精锐教育中小学tSMART精锐教育中小学1对1课外辅导专家Thelecture,helefthisseatsoquietlythatnoonecomplainedthathisleavingdisturbedthespeaker.A.beganB.beginning C.havingbegunD.beingbeginningWithallfactors,wethinkthisprogrammayexcelalltheothersinachievingthegoal.A.beingconsideredB.consideringC.consideredD.areconsideredAnewtechnique,theyieldsasawholeincreasedby20percent.A.tohavebeenworkedoutB.havingworkedout C.workingout D.havingbeenworkedoutWalterofferedusaliftwhenhewasleavingtheoffice,butourwork,wedeclinedtheoffer.A.notbeingfinishedB.nothavingfinishedC.hadnotbeenfinishedD.wasnotfinishedAllofthemstoodonthebeachsilently,thehorizon.A.fixingon B.theireyeswerefixedonC.fixedon D.theireyesfixedonThebridge,thepeoplelivingbybothsidesoftheriverwerewildwithjoy.A.havingcompleted B.completedC.hadcompleted D.completingWiththeteacherus,wehadnodifficultytheproblem.A.helping,insolving B.tohelp,insolvingC.tohelp,tosolve D.helping,tosolveSixwerekilledinthetrafficaccident,afive-yearoldchild.A.including B.included C.toinclude D.tobeincludedWiththeproblem,theywentouttoplay.A.tosettle B.tobesettled C.settling D.settledTheirelectricity,theywereunabletostudyatnight.A.cutoff B.havingcutoff.C.hadcutoff D.wascutoffTheremuchtoseeattheexhibition,Maryreturnedhomeearly.A.wasnotB.beingnot C.notbeing D.hadn't精锐教育网站：精锐教育网站：A.closed,lighted B.closing,lightingC.closed,lighting D.closing,litThestudentstheirteacher,withtheireyesonthepaperinhishand.A.following,fixing B.followed,fixedC.followed,fixing D.following,fixedThefishbad,thechildrenleftmuchofit.A.tasted,untouchedB.tasting,untouchedC.tasting,untouchingD.tasted,untouchingTheoldmanstoodunderabigtree,.A.apipeinmouthB.withapipeinmouthC.pipeinmouthD.pipeinhismouthTheboylayontheground,hiseyesandhishands.A.beingclosed；tremblingB.closed；tremblingC.closed；trembled D.closing；trembledfromwhatyousay,heoughttosucceed.A.JudgedB.JudgingC.WhenyoujudgedD.BecauseyoujudgeFordtrieddividingthelabor,eachworkeraseparatetask.A.assigningB.assigned C.wasassigned D.wouldbeassignedtwoexamstoworryabout,Ihavetoworkreallyhardthisweekend.A.WithB.BesidesC.AsforD.BecauseofAlotofpeoplefeltconcernedabouttheprogressoftheproject,.A.meincludingB.meincludedC.IwasincludedD.includingIC层thereweretensofthousandsofpeopleinthepark.A.ItwasSunday B.BeingSundayC.ItbeingSunday D.BecauseofSunday2.ontheroad,thecarwasstopped.A.Havingseenaboy B.Seeingaboy精锐教育网站：精锐教育•教学管理部丁|1SMART精锐教中 中小学1对1课外辅导专家C.Thedriverseeingaboy D.Afterseeingaboy3.,thetreesareturninggreen.A.Asspringcoming B.SpringcomingC.Springcome D.Springcame.alongthequietroadatsixtymilesanhour,anoldmansuddenlystartedtocrossinfrontofme.A.TodriveB.Idriving C.IhavedrivenD.Havingdriven.bythepoliceman,hisfacewentpalewithfear.A.Forbeingtied B.HavingbeentiedWhathedidwasseen D.Hishandstiedthetruckdrivertriedtogetawaywithout.Knockeddownbyatruck,feelingsorryHavingknockeddownaboy,punishingTheboylyingwounded,beingfOundKnockingdownaboy,punished.7.suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.A.WehavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.SufferedThecountryhasalreadysentupthreeunmannedspacecraft,themostrecentattheendoflastMarch.（07山东）A.hasbeenlaunchedB.havingbeenlaunchedC.beinglaunchedD.tobelaunchedthepricewouldbereasonable.A.AllthingsareconsideredB.ForallthingsconsiderC.AllthingsconsideredD.IfallthingsconsideredThesaleusuallytakesplaceoutsidethehouse,withtheaudienceonbenches,chairsorboxes.A.havingseatedB.seatingC.seatedD.havingbeenseatedamanwhoexpresseshimselfeffectivelyissuretosucceedmorerapidlythanamanwhosecommandoflanguageispoor.A.OtherthingsbeingequalB.WereotherthingsequalC.TobeequaltootherthingsD.Otherthingstobeequal12.nothingmoretodiscuss,theCEOgottohisfeet,saidgoodbyeandleftthemeetingroom.A.TherewasB.BeingC